2016年6月·第2套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干 What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe 用 "What do we learn ... about" 问对象的客观情况，没有 infer/imply 之类的推断信号，属于细节题。

题干 What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe? 是 What 引导的疑问句，主干 "What do we learn"，from the passage 表来源，about people in pre-industrial Europe 限定话题对象。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文 Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper 明确五六点就吃小晚餐了，谈不上 "till late at night"（工作到深夜）。

• B)与原文相反

  原文说他们中午吃的是 the largest meal（一天中最大的一餐），不是 simple meals；"so busy ... that only ate simple meals"在原文找不到依据。

• C)✓ 正确
  • start working with the sunrise↔Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle
  • wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work↔Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle

  预判"作息跟着自然时辰走"恰好等同 Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle，C 是定位句的同义概括，锁定 C。

• D)无中生有

  Para. 1 只描述前工业时代的作息，未在此处与"今天"作舒适度对比；"much more comfortable than that of today"系无中生有。

题干 What does Professor Carole Counihan say about ... 直接问"某人怎么说"，原文必有对应原话，属转述性细节题。

题干 What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together? 中，about 后接 pre-industrial European families（名词短语），后跟现在分词 eating meals together 作后置定语修饰 families，相当于 "families who eat meals together"。结构无陷阱，但要看出 eating 修饰 families。

• A)偷换概念

  Counihan 谈的是 family 这一最小社会单位的纽带，未谈到 a nation's tradition（民族/国家层面的传统）。

• B)✓ 正确
  • strengthening family ties↔It brought family members closer to each other
  • Meals are the foundation of the family↔It brought family members closer to each other

  预判"共餐拉近家庭关系"与 It brought family members closer to each other 完全对应，锁定 B。

• C)答非所问

  Para. 2 引述 Counihan 是为了说明共餐"做了什么"（拉近家庭），并非定义它是 characteristic of the agrarian culture（农业文化的特点）。

• D)无中生有

  全段未提及金钱或节约成本；save a lot of money 在原文毫无落脚点。

题干 What does "cultural metabolism"... refer to? 用 refer to 询问短语含义，是典型词义题。

题干 What does "cultural metabolism"(Line l, Para. 3) refer to? 是 What 引导的疑问句，refer to 作谓语；括号内是坐标提示。结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  Evolutionary adaptation（进化适应）属生物学层面，原文谈的是社会文化变化，跨度不在同一维度。

• B)偷换概念

  Para. 3 谈到 industrialization 后 "changes"，但 cultural metabolism 这个短语本身不指"变化"，而指被打破的那种"节奏"。

• C)与原文相反

  原文 "slow cultural metabolism" 是被肯定、被怀念的——maintaining ... has been much harder 暗示作者惋惜其消失；而 Social progress（社会进步）带正面进步色彩，方向相反。

• D)✓ 正确
  • such a slow cultural metabolism↔Pace of life
  • the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals↔Pace of life

  预判"生活节奏"与 Pace of life 完全同义；上下文 such a slow 的修饰只有 pace（节奏/步调）才能搭配 slow，锁定 D。

What does the author think of the food people eat today? 虽含 think，但问的是对今食物的事实性评价，原文有对应客观陈述句，按细节题处理。

What does the author think of the food people eat today? 主干 "the author think of the food"，think of 表"对...的看法"，people eat today 是省略关系代词的定语从句修饰 the food。结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  原文谈种类、数量、营养，未谈到 quality is usually guaranteed（质量有保障）；guarantee（保证）在原文无依据。

• B)✓ 正确
  • greater variety↔It is varied, abundant and nutritious
  • greater ... quantity↔It is varied, abundant and nutritious
  • tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors↔It is varied, abundant and nutritious

  varied, abundant and nutritious 三个形容词分别对应定位句的 variety / quantity / animal protein 和 vigorous，三点同时落地，B 是唯一全覆盖的选项。

• C)偷换概念

  原文比较的是 more vigorous than our ancestors（比祖先更有活力），不是 more costly than what our ancestors ate（比祖先吃的更贵）。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 Certainly, there were benefits 与 Modern techniques ... led to greater variety and quantity 对现代技术的评价是肯定的；选项 depends too much on technology 中 too much 把肯定变为批评，曲解原意。

题干 What does the author say about Italians of the old days? 问作者对旧时意大利人说了什么，对应原文一句直接描述，按细节题路径。

What does the author say about Italians of the old days? 是 What 引导的疑问句，介词短语 of the old days 后置修饰 Italians。"the old days"即"过去/旧时"。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • it was also a joy to prepare and eat↔They enjoyed cooking as well as eating
  • a joy to prepare and eat↔cooking as well as eating

  预判"做饭和吃饭都享受"恰好等同 They enjoyed cooking as well as eating，锁定 A。

• B)张冠李戴

  原文 The big meal came at around 1 p.m. 明确旧时大餐在中午；the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day 指今天晚餐才成大餐。题干问 old days，B 把今天的情形误装到旧时。

• C)以偏概全

  原文 traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack 写得很清楚——"早餐+午大餐+小点+晚小餐"实为四次进食；C 选"三餐"以偏概全且漏掉 snack。

• D)过度推断

  原文说他们"享受做饭"（a joy to prepare），并未说他们 expert at cooking（擅长做饭）。享受 ≠ 擅长。