2019年6月·第2套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What do most Americans think of women leaders 问的是某一具体调查中大多数人的具体看法，不含 infer/imply/mainly about 等暗号，属于客观信息检索。

Q46 主干是 What do most Americans think of women leaders，是常规的「think of + 宾语」结构；句末 according to a new Pew Research Center survey 是介词短语作状语，限定信息来源。无倒装、无双重否定，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  They have to do more to distinguish themselves 把第 46 题答成了第 48 题的话——「比男性付出更多以证明自己」是 P4 的内容，本题问的是大多数人对女性「是否胜任」的看法，不是她们要付出多少。

• B)答非所问

  They have to strive harder to win their positions 同样答的是「为什么女性高层少」（P4 的内容），而非本题的「美国人怎么看女性的领导力」。

• C)以偏概全

  They are stronger than men in terms of willpower 把原文 passionate and organized（热情、有条理）偷换成 willpower（意志力），且把「许多人觉得更强」当成「大多数人觉得更强」，主体范围被放大。

• D)✓ 正确
  • most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation↔They are just as intelligent and innovative as men

  They are just as intelligent and innovative as men 与定位句的同义度最高，正是预判的客观转述，锁定为正确项。

What do we learn from previous survey findings 问的是某项已有研究的客观结论，可直接在原文检索，无需推断。

Q47 主干是 What do we learn from previous survey findings；句末 about women seeking leadership roles 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 findings 的话题。结构常规，无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success 把原文的「may make it harder」（可能更难）夸大成了「unconquerable difficulties」（不可克服的困难）——程度被推过头，原文从未说「不可克服」。

• B)无中生有

  They are lacking in confidence when competing with men 把原因归到「缺乏自信」，但全文从未提过「自信」二字——这是从空中变出一个新原因，原文完全无据。

• C)✓ 正确
  • career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs↔Their failures may have something to do with family duties

  Their failures may have something to do with family duties 把 motherhood 上位为 family duties，又用 may 接住原文的不确定语气，是定位句最稳的同义替换。

• D)与原文相反

  Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement 与 make it harder for women to advance in their careers 直接矛盾——原文说「让女性更难升职」，本选项把它反过来说成「相对很少人在升职上受阻」。

What is the primary factor 问的是一项具体调查里排第一的因素，是可在原文直接检索的客观信息。

Q48 主干是 What is the primary factor；keeping women from taking top leadership positions 是 factor 的后置定语（现在分词短语，相当于 that keeps...），keep sb. from doing 意为「阻止某人做某事」。考生若不熟 keep...from 这一搭配，可能误读成「让女性留下来做某事」，需特别留意。

• A)与原文相反

  Personality traits（人格特质）已被 it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets 明确否定——大众不认为女性少了「特质」。

• B)以偏概全

  Family responsibilities 确实是文中提到的因素，但 Only about one\-in\-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason——仅约五分之一把它当主因，远低于第 48 题问的 primary（首因）的四成。

• C)✓ 正确
  • a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves↔Gender bias

  Gender bias（性别偏见）正是「双重标准 + 选民未准备好 + 企业界未准备好」三处性别相关描述的共同上位概念，是定位句最贴切的浓缩。

• D)无中生有

  Lack of vacancies（缺乏空缺职位）全文未提；问题不是「没有岗位」，而是「女性进不去」，根本不是岗位数量的事。

What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future 问的是「文章对未来怎么说」，原文有明文表述即直接采用，不是主旨题。

Q49 是 What does the passage say about + 名词短语 + 介词短语 的结构。corporate America 此处不是「美国公司化」而是「美国企业界」这一惯用集合名词，考生若按字面拆，会读成「公司化的美国」而失焦。

• A)以偏概全

  More and more women will sit in the boardroom 只代表了 44% 那一派的看法，而 53% 那一派认为男性将继续主导高层；本选项把分裂中的少数派当成全体共识，且与多数派意见相反。

• B)与原文相反

  Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change 把原文的「公众分裂、未定」改写为「很可能改变」——这是把 divided（分裂）偷偷换成 is likely to（有可能），程度被推过头且立场被改变。

• C)偷换概念

  The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders 把分歧的对象从「未来会不会变」偷换成「女性能不能胜任领导」——而后者在 P1 已有明确答案：大众普遍认为女性同样胜任，并无分歧。

• D)✓ 正确
  • the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future↔People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders
  • the imbalance in corporate America will change↔it will have more women leaders

  D 把被动 divided 改成主动 have opposing opinions、把抽象 imbalance change 具象为 more women leaders，措辞不同但语义完全等值，是定位句的高保真同义替换。

What do most Americans expect to see soon 问的是大多数人对政治舞台的具体预期，原文有明文，是细节题。

Q50 主干是 What do most Americans expect to see soon on America's political stage。expect to see 是「期望看到」，soon 是时间副词，on America's political stage 是介词短语作地点状语。结构平直，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime↔A woman in the highest position of government

  A 把 female president 改写为「政府最高职位的女性」，是定位句最贴切的同义替换；其他选项要么扩大范围、要么转移主体。

• B)以偏概全的反向操作

  More and more women actively engaged in politics 把「期望出现一位女总统」扩大为「越来越多女性积极参与政治」——原文未提参政广度，只提了「最高位上的一位」。

• C)偷换概念

  A majority of women voting for a female president 把「73% 美国人期望看到女总统」偷换成「大多数女性给女总统投票」——主体被偷换（美国人 → 女性）、动作被偷换（期望看到 → 投票），完全不是原文意思。

• D)答非所问

  As many women in top government positions as men 借用了 as many women ... as men 的句式制造熟悉感，但该句式原本属于「商界 44% 派的看法」（只是时间问题之前商界男女高层将持平），与政治舞台无关；且本选项谈「平分天下」，而原文政治舞台只谈「一位女总统」。