2022年6月·第2套英语四级汉译英（段落翻译） · 寓言故事·叙述过去事件 参考译文与解析

用 There be 引入新角色（主语策略：There be）从前有个人养了一群羊。 是寓言开篇引入主人公，「有个人」是典型的「引入新事物存在」的句式，英文最对应 There be 句型：There was a man（一般过去时呼应 globalPlan.tenseBaseline.tense）。「养了一群羊」是这个 man 的附加信息，不再另起主谓，而是用 who 引导的定语从句挂上去：who raised a flock of sheep。

「养了一群羊」降级为定语从句中文一句里其实有两个动作：「（从前）有」和「养了一群羊」。英文只把「有」留作主干谓语（There was），把「养了一群羊」降级成 who raised a flock of sheep 作 a man 的后置定语；时间状语 Long long ago / Once 前置。这样避免照中文写成 *Long ago, a man had a group of sheep, he raised them 这种流水句。

Long long ago, there was a man who raised a flock of sheep.

「他」作主谓主语（主语策略：原句主语）一天早上他准备出去放羊，发现少了一只。 中主语「他」明确，沿用作英文主语 he；核心动词是「发现」（found），「少了一只」是发现的内容，用 that 宾语从句承接：he found that one was missing。「准备出去放羊」是发现之前的伴随／背景动作，降级处理。

「准备出去放羊」降级为时间状语从句中文「他准备出去放羊，发现少了一只」实际是「在他准备去放羊时」发生了「发现少了一只」。把「准备出去放羊」改造成 When he was about to take the sheep out to graze 时间状语从句前置，主句留给真正的核心动作 he found that one was missing。避免照中文译成 He prepared to graze the sheep and found one missing 这种因果不明的并列。

One morning, when he was about to take the sheep out to graze, he found that one of them was missing.

「他」继续作主语，核心动词为「看到」（主语策略：原句主语）他仔细一看，看到羊栏 (sheepfold) 上有个窟窿。 中两个动作「仔细一看」和「看到」其实是一个事件的两个层次——「仔细地看」是方式状语，「看到」才是结果。主语沿用 he，主干谓语用 saw / noticed；「羊栏上有个窟窿」是看到的内容，用 that 宾语从句 there was a hole in the sheepfold。

「仔细一看」→ 副词；「上有个窟窿」→ that + there be「仔细一看」降级为状语 On a closer look 或副词 carefully 修饰 saw；「羊栏上有个窟窿」按 glossary 用 sheepfold，套 there be 结构作 saw 的宾语从句：that there was a hole in the sheepfold。整体一个主句 + 一个宾语从句，干净不流水。

On a closer look, he saw that there was a hole in the sheepfold.

「狼」作主语；「钻进 + 叼走」并列谓语（主语策略：原句主语）显然，夜间有狼钻进羊圈叼走了羊。 主语是「狼」，做了两件事：钻进羊圈 + 叼走了一只羊。英文主语 a wolf，谓语用 had got into … and carried off …。「显然」作评论副词 Obviously 提前；「夜间」作时间状语 at night / during the night。

「显然」→ 评注副词；时间状语 + 主干并列谓语「显然」用评注副词 Obviously / Apparently 句首独立；「夜间」前置或后置作时间状语；主干 a wolf had got into the sheepfold and carried off the sheep。这里用过去完成时 had got into / had carried off 表「在他发现之前已经发生」，凸显时间先后。

Obviously, during the night a wolf had got into the sheepfold and carried off a sheep.

前后分句各有主语，连词 but 衔接（主语策略：原句主语）邻居劝他修羊栏，可是他不听。 是两个并列分句：① 邻居（主语）劝他修羊栏 → His neighbour advised him to mend the sheepfold；② 他（主语）不听 → but he refused / would not listen。「可是」直接对译为 but / however。

「劝他修」用 advise sb. to do；「不听」用 refused to do / would not do「劝他修羊栏」套固定句型 advise sb. to do sth.：advised him to mend the sheepfold；「不听」翻成 refused to listen / would not listen，would 在此表过去固执的拒绝，比 didn't listen 更传神。

His neighbour advised him to mend the sheepfold, but he would not listen.

「他」作主语，「发现」为核心动词（主语策略：原句主语）第二天，他发现狼又通过窟窿叼走一只羊。 主语「他」沿用 he，核心动词「发现」found；「狼又通过窟窿叼走一只羊」整段作 found 的宾语从句：that another sheep had been carried off by the wolf through the hole（被动凸显羊的去向；也可保留主动 that the wolf had carried off another sheep through the hole）。

「第二天」→ 时间状语；从句内含两个状语「第二天」前置作时间状语 The next day；从句主干「狼叼走一只羊」译 the wolf had carried off another sheep，「又」用 again 或 another 体现，「通过窟窿」作方式状语 through the hole。整句一个主句 + 一个宾语从句，结构整齐。

The next day, he found that another sheep had been carried off by the wolf through the hole.

「他」作主语，三个动词并列处理（主语策略：原句主语）他想起邻居的话，就赶快堵上窟窿，把羊栏补好。 主语「他」沿用 he；三个动作「想起」「堵上」「补好」按时间先后处理：「想起」可前置为 -ing 分词或 when 时间从句；「堵上窟窿」「补好羊栏」是同一动作的两个侧面，用 and 并列作主干谓语。

「想起邻居的话」→ Remembering / When he recalled…；主干「堵 + 补」「想起邻居的话」改造为分词 Remembering what his neighbour had said 或时间从句 When he recalled his neighbour's words，作主句的时间 / 原因背景；主句 he quickly blocked up the hole and mended the sheepfold。「赶快」用副词 quickly 修饰主谓。

Remembering what his neighbour had said, he quickly blocked up the hole and mended the sheepfold.

「羊」作主语，使用被动（主语策略：转被动）此后，他的羊再也没有被狼叼走。 中文已经出现「被」字，明示动作的承受者是羊。英文顺势把 sheep 提作主语用被动：His sheep were never carried off by wolves again。「此后」译 From then on 句首作时间状语，「再也没…」用 never … again 表达。

时间状语 + 被动主干「此后」前置 From then on / After that；主干 his sheep were never carried off by wolves again。整句保持一个主谓结构，是篇章收尾用得最稳的形式。

From then on, his sheep were never carried off by wolves again.

「故事」作主语，「告诉我们」+ 宾语从句（主语策略：原句主语）故事告诉我们：出了问题及时补救，可以防止蒙受更大损失。 是寓言结尾的普遍道理。主语「（这个）故事」the story，谓语 tells us，冒号后的内容作 that 引导的宾语从句：that timely remedy when problems arise can prevent greater losses。

「出了问题及时补救」改造为动名词短语作主语；「可以防止…」作谓语从句内部用动名词短语作主语更地道：fixing problems in time / taking timely measures when problems arise / promptly remedying problems；谓语 can prevent us from suffering greater losses。把中文「（人）做某事，可以防止…」改成「做某事 + can prevent + 损失」的句型，主语统一为「做某事」这件事，逻辑紧凑。

The story tells us that fixing problems in time can prevent us from suffering greater losses.