2023年6月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干 What does the author think of most entrepreneurs? 直接问对一个明确对象的看法，答案能在原文某句找到对应陈述，不需跨段综合，属细节题而非推断。

题干 What does the author think of most entrepreneurs? 是 think of 引导的特殊疑问句，think of sb 意为"对某人的看法"，结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  原文说野心者 willing to take more risks 指愿冒事业风险，选项却说 risk their own lives（拿命冒险），把"风险"偷换成"生命危险"。

• B)✓ 正确
  • higher-than-average ambition↔more ambitious than ordinary people

  选项 They are more ambitious than ordinary people 与预判"野心高于普通人"完全吻合，是定位句的同义替换。

• C)无中生有

  原文谈的是 conventional "success"（传统成功），选项却说 nonconventional success（非传统成功），文中从无此说法。

• D)以偏概全

  原文只说野心 this is a positive quality 是"一种"积极特质，选项却说创业者 more positive qualities than most of us"比我们多"，既夸大数量又把比较对象搞错（原文 most of us 本就包含创业者）。

题干 What does the author imply by saying "this isn't always the case" 用 imply by saying 问一个具体句子的含义，要求理解 this 指代什么、否定的是什么，属词义句意题。

题干主干 What does the author imply，by saying "..." 是方式状语；关键在引文里的 this 是指代词，须回原文找它替代的上文内容；isn't always 是部分否定，意为"并非总是"，不是全盘否定。

• A)✓ 正确
  • you are more likely to succeed↔may not have a greater chance of success

  选项 Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success 正是"this（野心者更易成功）＋部分否定"的还原，与预判一致。

• B)偷换概念

  this 指代的是"更易成功"，并非"积极特质"；选项 may not have more positive qualities 把否定矛头指向上一段的 positive quality，找错了 this 的指代。

• C)与原文相反

  原文只说极端野心 may end up doing more harm than good（弊"大于"利），选项却说 does as much good as harm（利害"相当"），把"大于"篡改成"相等"。

• D)与原文相反

  选项 more naturally driven to success 几乎照搬上文 more naturally driven to set goals，可这恰是本句要否定的观点，方向正好相反。

题干 What does the author say is of extreme importance 用 say 直问作者明说的内容，答案是原文一句强调重要性的话，属细节题。

题干 What does the author say is of extreme importance for one to become a successful entrepreneur?，主干是 What...is of extreme importance；of+抽象名词等于形容词，of extreme importance＝extremely important；for one to become... 是不定式目的状语，指明"为了成为成功创业者"。

• A)与原文相反

  原文说过度野心导致 focus too determinedly on one particular vision 反而有害，需 straying from your original vision；选项 Holding on to one's original vision（死守原愿景）正是文章要批评的做法。

• B)✓ 正确
  • adapt to new circumstances↔adapt to new situations

  选项 Being able to adapt to new situations 与预判"适应新环境的能力"几乎逐词对应，确为答案。

• C)与原文相反

  选项 Focusing determinedly on one particular goal 直接抄自 focus too determinedly on one particular vision，而原文说这是过度野心的"副作用"，绝非"极其重要"之事。

• D)与原文相反

  原文说有时须 change direction"改变方向"，选项却说 Avoiding radical change in one's career direction"避免大改方向"，与文意相左。

题干 How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure 问一个明确群体对失败的态度，原文有明文表述，属细节题。

题干 How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor?，regard sth 意为"看待某事"，in their endeavor（在其奋斗中）是范围状语；结构清晰、无陷阱。

• A)张冠李戴

  awaken them to reality 对应的是第六段 failure is viewed as something closer to reality，那讲的是"野心有限者"，而非题干问的"野心最大者"。

• B)张冠李戴

  a lesson they have to learn 对应第六段 every failure you survive is a learning experience，同样是说"野心有限者"，张冠李戴。

• C)✓ 正确
  • disastrous, and impossible to recover from↔means the end of their career

  选项 It means the end of their career 把"灾难、无法恢复"提炼成"事业到头"，与预判一致，确为答案。

• D)与原文相反

  原文说 impossible to recover from"无法恢复"，选项却说 result in a slow recovery"导致缓慢恢复"，恢复从"不可能"被偷改成"慢"。

题干 What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition? 问作者的建议，原文未必有一句直说"我建议你……"，需综合全文对野心利弊的论述提炼，属推断题。

题干 What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition?，advise sb to do 意为"建议某人做某事"，concerning ambition（关于野心）是话题状语；结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  原文要区分的是 conventional "success" 与 health and happiness，选项 Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal 把后一项换成了文中没有的"人生目标"，区分对象被改错。

• B)与原文相反

  全文都在指出 the most ambitious entrepreneurs 看待失败的方式有害，选项 Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs 却劝人效仿他们，与作者立场正相反。

• C)以偏概全

  Avoid taking unnecessary risks 只关乎 take more risks 这一点，并非全文劝诫的落脚；作者最终落点是健康幸福，而非"少冒险"，以偏概全且无中生有。

• D)✓ 正确
  • such success means nothing for their health and happiness—and if you don't have health and happiness, what else could possibly matter?↔Prioritize health and happiness over material success

  选项 Prioritize health and happiness over material success 与主线"健康幸福重于成功"吻合，且统摄全文对过度野心的批评，是建议题应有的全局答案。