2023年6月·第1套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析

What do we learn from the report about the 55-year-old woman?

导语句即答案句。A woman was charged with allegedly violating a Rhode Island city law against feeding wild animals. 是整则新闻的第一句导语，集中给出了「主体（女子）+ 动作（被指控）+ 内容（违反市法规）」，新闻体裁里「开篇就点核心」是最强的答案信号。

• was charged with allegedly violating a Rhode Island city law↔was accused of violating a city lawcharge≈accuse 同义替换

• A)原词陷阱She was involved in a conflict with bird lovers. 利用录音多次提到的 birds / feeding birds 制造「她与爱鸟者起冲突」的假象，但录音通篇只说她「以为自己在喂鸟」，从未出现她和任何 bird lovers 群体的冲突，是典型的「听到 bird 就想选」。

  借用原文：she's being charged for feeding birds

• B)偷换概念She was charged with mistreating animals. 沿用了录音里 was charged with 的句式结构和 animals 这个词，但把违法内容从「违反禁止投喂的市法规」偷换成「虐待动物」——录音从未提及任何虐待行为，反而她声称是「出于爱」在喂。

  借用原文：was charged with allegedly violating a Rhode Island city law against feeding wild animals

• C)过度推断She was on bad terms with her neighbors. 利用录音 The 55-year-old woman's neighbors blame her 里出现的 neighbors blame 来诱选；但 blame 是针对此次鼠患的具体指责，新闻并未交代他们一贯关系不和，把「具体事件上的指责」升级成「长期关系恶劣」属于过度推断。

  借用原文：The 55-year-old woman's neighbors blame her

What did the director of the city administration say at the end of the news report?

末段官员引语。He said it will take months to get the problem under control. 出现在新闻最后一段、由 director of the city administration 的引语收束，是题干「at the end」+「director said」两条线索的直接落点。

• it will take months to get the problem under control↔It will take time to solve the rat problem.months≈time, under control≈solve

• B)原词陷阱All wild animals should be well protected. 借用了录音里多次出现的 wild animals 做诱饵，但官员从未谈论「应保护所有野生动物」这种价值口号，他只是描述老鼠数量和耗时，All wild animals 属于绝对化范围扩大。

  借用原文：It is prohibited to feed any wild animals including birds in Rhode Island City.

• C)与原文相反The woman was not to blame for the situation. 与录音传递的态度相反——录音 Nevertheless, while the woman's intention was to feed birds, it is clear that rats were also benefiting. 明确指出「尽管她本意是喂鸟，但老鼠也因此得利」，是把责任与她挂钩，而非为她开脱。

  借用原文：Nevertheless, while the woman's intention was to feed birds, it is clear that rats were also benefiting.

• D)张冠李戴No one should go unpunished for violating law. 看似呼应录音里 It is prohibited to feed any wild animals 的法律口吻，但这是新闻叙述者的背景交代，并非「director of the city administration」在末尾说的话，且 No one should go unpunished 这种绝对化执法口号录音中并未出现。

  借用原文：It is prohibited to feed any wild animals including birds in Rhode Island City.

What does NASA require the paid volunteers to do?

题干主语原词复现。题干主体是 the paid volunteers，录音第 2 段开头 The paid volunteers will work in an environment similar to Mars. 一字不差地把这个主语再说一遍，且紧跟着就给出动作 will work in an environment similar to Mars——这是新闻题最典型的答案信号：题干里的主语在录音里原词出现的那一句，往往就是答案句。

• will work in an environment similar to Mars↔Work in an environment resembling Marssimilar to 替换 resembling

• A)原词陷阱选项里出现了录音原词 Mars Dune Alpha，但录音从头到尾没说志愿者要去和宇航员通讯，只在第 2 段提了 They will have limited communications with family——是和家人有限通讯，不是和宇航员通讯。把 Mars Dune Alpha 这个专名扣到一个原文没说的动作上骗你听到原词就选。

  借用原文：Mars Dune Alpha

• C)录音说 a 1,700-square-foot Martian habitat inside a building in Houston，确实有 Martian habitat 和 Houston 两个原词，但志愿者是住进去而不是建。选项 Build a Martian habitat in Houston 把 habitat 和 Houston 拼到 Build 这个动词上，是把建造者的事安到志愿者头上，典型张冠李戴。

  借用原文：a 1,700-square-foot Martian habitat inside a building in Houston

• D)录音第 1 段念了 NASA began taking applications Friday，第 5 段也说 The application process opens Friday——Friday 这个词真的反复出现，但说的是 NASA 周五开始收申请，而不是 NASA 要求志愿者周五前递申请。Friday 是被盗用来骗 听到就想选 的原词。

  借用原文：NASA began taking applications Friday

What will the participants in the project eat?

Food 起首+all 强调。录音第 3 段那一句 Food will all be ready-to-eat space food. 以题干关键词 Food 起首，且用 all 这种范围最大、最绝对的修饰词强调全部都是即食太空食品——主语+all+表语结构在听力里几乎等同于这就是答案，要立刻锁。紧接着 but not potatoes 又用 but 否定了土豆，进一步把答案聚焦在即食食物上。

• ready-to-eat space food↔Ready-made foodready-to-eat=ready-made
• Food will all be↔Ready-made foodall 等于唯一

• B)未提及录音从头到尾没有出现 organic 这个词，也没说食物是天然有机的；选项 Food that is organic. 是凭电影或常识对火星实验食物的想象，属于录音没说就硬塞的未提及干扰。
• C)录音确实念了 Some plants will be grown，grown 这个原词被选项 Food they grow. 直接盗用；但原文用 Some 限定只是一些，且强调 Food will all be ready-to-eat——食物全部是即食的，植物种植只是次要补充，不是吃的来源。听到 grown 就想选 C 是这道题最大的诱惑。

  借用原文：Some plants will be grown

• D)录音里 but not potatoes like in the movie The Martian 明确用 but not 否定了土豆，选项 Potatoes mostly. 却把它当作主食呈现，与原文方向完全相反。potatoes 这个原词被盗来诱惑那些被电影《火星救援》带偏的考生。

  借用原文：but not potatoes like in the movie The Martian

What do the news reports say about the Japanese mayor Takashi Kawamura?

新闻首句即考点。新闻类录音的第一句往往就是核心事件概述，本题答案直接落在 A Japanese mayor apologized Thursday for biting the Olympic gold medal of a softball player. 这句新闻开篇句上，biting the Olympic gold medal of a softball player 与 C 选项几乎逐词对应。

• biting the Olympic gold medal of a softball player↔bit a softball player's Olympic gold medal动名词换过去式

• A)张冠李戴A 项说他为 scratching（刮花）金牌道歉，但录音原文 apologized Thursday for biting 道歉的对象是 bit（咬），不是 scratch。scratch 一词反而出现在第 7 段 I would not scratch it，是另一位运动员说的话，属于张冠李戴。

  借用原文：I handle my own gold medal so gently that I would not scratch it

• B)与原文相反B 项说市长被要求把金牌颁给 Miu Goto，但录音 He asked her to put the medal around his neck. 恰恰相反——是市长请运动员把奖牌挂在他自己脖子上，方向颠倒。

  借用原文：He asked her to put the medal around his neck.

• D)原词陷阱D 项说他在 media event 上吸引了公众关注。录音 during a public media event 确实出现 media event，但'吸引公众关注'是事件附带的结果，不是新闻报道的核心事件，与题干 What do the news reports say about… 的核心不符。

  借用原文：Nagoya mayor Takashi Kawamura had praised an athlete, Miu Goto, during a public media event.

What did mayor Takashi Kawamura offer to do?

题干原词直接命中。录音里 he offered to pay for the cost of a new one 直接出现题干的核心动词 offered，紧接其后的 to pay for the cost of a new one 就是承诺动作。同时 though（转折）也是答案信号，提示前半句的 undamaged 是次要、后半句才是落点。

• offered to pay for the cost of a new one↔Pay for the cost of a new medal.代词还原为名词

• A)未提及A 项说再拍一张照。录音里确实出现 photographers（第 2 段），但市长并没有提出'再拍一张'，A 是无中生有。
• B)原词陷阱B 项说他要向 International Olympic Committee 道歉。录音 Goto, however, has accepted the International Olympic Committee's offer of a replacement 里确实出现 International Olympic Committee，但那是奥委会向运动员提供替换奖牌，与市长的道歉对象无关。市长道歉对象是 reporters（Kawamura told reporters Thursday）。

  借用原文：Goto, however, has accepted the International Olympic Committee's offer of a replacement

• C)与原文相反C 项预设奖牌已 damaged 需要修，但录音 the medal was undamaged 明确说市长称奖牌并未受损，故无需修复。前缀 un- 一字之差，方向完全相反。

  借用原文：the medal was undamaged

What did some Olympians say they would do with their medals?

题干引述结构对位。录音 Some Olympians said they treat their medals as treasures 几乎与题干 Some Olympians say they would do with their medals 一一对应，Some Olympians said 这个引述信号直接把答案句标了出来，紧随其后的 treat their medals as treasures 即处理方式。

• they treat their medals as treasures↔Treat them as treasures.近乎原词复现

• A)未提及A 项说不让任何人碰。录音里没有任何一句话说'不允许任何人触碰'，运动员只是说视若珍宝、会轻拿轻放（I handle my own gold medal so gently），并没有提到 touch 这件事。
• B)过度推断B 项把奖牌看作 symbols of honor（荣誉象征）。录音里运动员说的是 treat as treasures（视若珍宝）和 handle gently（轻拿轻放），并没有上升到'荣誉象征'这种抽象概念，属于过度推断。
• D)未提及D 项说放在 safe place（安全的地方）。录音通篇没有提到把奖牌放在哪里这一存放地点信息，运动员的表述只关乎'如何对待'与'如何轻拿轻放'，不涉及存放位置。

What did the woman do to her computer?

被问者对 What's that 的直接应答。男士开口就问 What's that orange thing on your computer screen?，女士紧接着在 It's a plastic sheet that blocks blue light. 里给出直接回答。"问句紧跟答句"是对话题最强的答案信号——被问者的下一句就是命题点。

• plastic sheet that blocks blue light↔plastic sheet选项原词复现自原文
• I have one that I use to cover my phone screen too↔covered its screen with a plastic sheetuse to cover 改写为 covered with

• B)原词陷阱B 选项把 She connected it with her smartphone."把电脑连到手机"塞进来——但原文只是说 I have one that I use to cover my phone screen too，提到 phone 仅仅是说"我手机屏幕上也贴了一张"，根本没有"把电脑连到手机"的动作。

  借用原文：I have one that I use to cover my phone screen too

• C)偷换概念C 把女士的动作改成了 She decorated it with colorful stickers."用彩色贴纸装饰"，原文 It's a plastic sheet that blocks blue light. 说的是"阻挡蓝光的塑料膜"，目的在于功能、不是装饰，颜色（橙）只是膜本身颜色而不是"贴纸"。

  借用原文：It's a plastic sheet that blocks blue light.

• D)原词陷阱D 把她买的东西说成 She bought some new software for it."新软件"，可原文清楚说 It's something I bought yesterday. It's a plastic sheet——买的是"塑料膜"这一实物，不是软件。

  借用原文：It's something I bought yesterday.

What does the woman say about blue light?

but … also includes 的修正信号。女士先给一个"轻"的说法 Blue light includes natural light，紧跟着 but it also includes light that isn't natural 用 but 修正——听力中 but 之后才是命题点。这个"先轻后重"的修正结构是判定答案句的关键信号。

• light that isn't natural↔unnatural lightisn't natural=unnatural
• Blue light includes natural light, but it also includes light that isn't natural↔It includes unnatural light也包含=includes

• A)偷换概念It may not be simply blue."它可能不只是蓝色"说的是"颜色不只蓝"，可录音从未谈过蓝光"颜色"的复杂性，谈的是"光源"是否自然。两者讨论的层面不同。

  借用原文：It isn't that simple.

• C)张冠李戴录音中提到 Poor sleep might be a problem for older people, but surely young people can handle late nights. 是"男士"的看法，谈的是"年轻人 vs 老人扛夜"，并不是女士对"蓝光对年轻人更有害"的表态；女士全程没说蓝光对年轻人特别更糟。

  借用原文：Poor sleep might be a problem for older people, but surely young people can handle late nights.

• D)与原文相反It induces people to fall asleep. 说蓝光"让人入睡"，可女士明确表态 making it harder for us to fall asleep——蓝光过多反而让人更难入睡，方向完全相反。

  借用原文：making it harder for us to fall asleep

Why does the man say he hasn't slept enough for months?

because 的因果信号。男士在 I haven't slept enough in months because I have too much work to do 里用 because 直接给出原因——"工作太多"。because 是 Why 题最经典的答案信号，听到就直接锁。

• too much work to do↔been burdened with excessive worktoo much=excessive
• I have too much work to do↔He has been burdened with excessive workhave work to do=be burdened with work

• A)偷换概念He has had much trouble falling asleep. 是"努力睡却睡不着"，可男士说的是 I haven't slept enough in months because I have too much work to do——他不是睡不着，而是没时间睡。 trouble falling asleep（失眠）和 not having time to sleep（没时间睡）是两回事。

  借用原文：making it harder for us to fall asleep

• B)偷换概念He has had some sort of health problems. 暗示"有健康问题所以没睡够"，可原文里男士反而说 I feel fine——他根本没承认自己有健康问题；况且原文谈"健康问题"是作为"长期缺睡可能导致的后果"出现，不是男士没睡够的原因。

  借用原文：not having enough sleep can contribute to serious health problems

• C)原词陷阱He has stayed up playing computer games. 借 computer 这个录音里反复出现的原词制造"听见 computer 就想选"的诱惑。但原文里 computer 都用于 I'm on my computer very late most nights 等场合——他熬夜是在"用电脑工作"，根本没说在"玩游戏"。

  借用原文：I'm on my computer very late most nights

What has the woman learned from the research she has read?

the research shows that 的结论句框。女士开口就用 the research I've read shows that 这一典型结论句框启动答案句，紧跟着的 sleep is probably even more important than we thought 就是研究的核心结论。这是听力里最稳的命题信号之一。

• even more important than we thought↔more important than people assumedwe thought=people assumed
• sleep is probably even more important↔Sleep may be more importantprobably=may

• A)过度推断原文 not having enough sleep can contribute to serious health problems like obesity and heart disease 只说"缺睡可能导致肥胖等问题"，主语是"缺睡"，且用 contribute to 这种有限度的因果措辞；A 把锅甩到 Exposure to blue light 头上，并升级为 the chief cause of obesity 这种独占性主因——既偷换了主语，又夸大了因果强度。

  借用原文：not having enough sleep can contribute to serious health problems like obesity and heart disease

• C)与原文相反原文反复说 artificial blue light from electronic devices 干扰睡眠，矛头是"非自然 / 人造"蓝光；C Sleep may also be negatively affected by natural light. 偏偏把矛头扭到 natural light，与原文方向完全相反。

  借用原文：all the artificial blue light from electronic devices means we have to try harder to sleep well

• D)偷换概念原文把 heart disease 仅作为 serious health problems like obesity and heart disease 的举例之一，主语是"缺睡"；D Overuse of electronic devices may cause heart disease. 把主语换成"过度使用电子设备"、把举例"心脏病"提到结论位置，既偷换主语又拉直因果链。

  借用原文：not having enough sleep can contribute to serious health problems like obesity and heart disease

What question were both speakers fed up with when they were kids?

被问者的直接应答信号 got sick。女问 did you know what job you wanted to do when you grew up? 后，男方在第二段用 I got sick every time adults asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up. 直接回应，got sick 就是『厌烦』这一情绪的最强信号；紧接着第三段女方又说 It's the same with me. 表示自己也一样，双方共同厌烦的那个问题就此锁定。

• what I wanted to be when I grew up↔What they wanted to be when grown up.人称与时态同义改写

• B)整段对话从未出现 cartoon 或具体的卡通形象名称，What their favorite cartoon character was. 属于无中生有。
• C)原词陷阱录音第七段 spending 10 hours a day playing computer games 真的念了 computer games，但语境是女方说『家长希望孩子放学别只打游戏』，与『被问烦了的童年问题』完全无关；选项 What they learned from computer games. 借用了 computer games 这个原词来骗『听到就想选』。

  借用原文：spending 10 hours a day playing computer games

• D)偷换概念对话谈的是『长大后想做什么』，没有出现 after school 这种放学时段的具体话题，What they liked to do most after school. 属于偷换概念，把『长大目标』换成了『日常活动』。

What occupation do adults see as both sensible and ambitious according to the woman?

指代锁定 + 因果信号 as。原文用 that last one 指代列举里排在最后的 mechanical engineer，紧接着 as 引出原因 the perfect mix of the sensible and the ambitious，直接对应题干 both sensible and ambitious 两个条件，是典型的『指代+因果』双重信号锁定。

• that last one↔A mechanical engineer.顺位指代还原
• the perfect mix of the sensible and the ambitious↔A mechanical engineer.属性匹配题干修饰

• A)整段录音从未出现 stock broker 这个职业，A stock broker. 属无中生有，可能是利用『一听就显得 ambitious』的常识脑补干扰。
• B)录音里确实念到 pop singer，但它只是被列举的三个选项之一，并不是大人 love 的那一项；A pop singer. 借原词诱选，盗用了 pop singer 这个词。

  借用原文：pop singer

• D)basketball player 也是被女方提到的列举项之一，但同样不是大人最喜欢那一项，A basketball player. 也是利用原词诱选。

  借用原文：basketball player

What kind of goal-setting does the woman like to see in children?

原话直引 the kind of goal-setting I like 与原因 springing from imaginations。原文女方直接说 That's the kind of goal-setting I like to see in children，几乎和题干一字不差；后半句 springing from their boundless imaginations 给出立目标的核心属性来自『无边想象力』，是定位的关键信号。

• springing from their boundless imaginations↔Imaginative.名词到形容词的同源替换
• Queen of the Clouds↔Imaginative.具体例子到抽象形容词的概括

• A)原词陷阱录音里出现 the perfect mix of the sensible and the ambitious，ambitious 确被念到，但语境是『大人对 mechanical engineer 的评价』，不是女方喜欢的立目标类型，Ambitious. 借原词诱选。

  借用原文：the ambitious

• B)原词陷阱the sensible 同样出现在大人评价 mechanical engineer 那句里，并非女方喜欢的立目标类型；Sensible. 又是借原词诱选。

  借用原文：the sensible

• D)女方明确表达自己喜欢的是『来自想象力』的目标，而 Practical. 偏务实，恰是和『想象力』相反的方向；男方第四段还说 we grown-ups can be tedious and limiting in our need for reality，说明双方都批评『太务实』，所以 Practical 与女方立场相反。

  借用原文：we grown-ups can be tedious and limiting in our need for reality

What does the woman suggest adults should do?

we should be+建议动作信号。女方在最后一段用 We should be helping our kids understand who they are 直接说出建议，we should 是最典型的建议信号；位置又在对话最后，是收束式落点，几乎可以确定就是这道建议题的答案句。

• helping our kids understand who they are↔Help their kids understand themselves.宾语从句到反身代词的等值改写

• A)录音并未谈到家长应放松对孩子的『严格控制』，只是说不要把自己的期望强加给孩子；Relax their strict control of their kids. 把『放下自己的预设』偷换成『放松严格控制』，扩大了原文范围。
• C)letting go of who we think they should be 表明女方主张『放下我们希望他们成为的样子』，等于反对把自己的梦强加给孩子；Impose their own dreams on their kids. 与原文立场完全相反，是反向陷阱。

  借用原文：letting go of who we think they should be

• D)原词陷阱录音第八段提到 false expectations，expectations 是原词，但语境是『问 What do you want to be 会带来虚假期望和失望』，并非要求家长 dismiss their high expectations；选项 Dismiss their high expectations of their kids. 借 expectations 这个原词诱选，又把『不要制造虚假期望』推断成『要彻底抛弃所有高期望』，过度推断。

  借用原文：false expectations

What are a number of phone companies trying to do in Africa?

句首 Now 引出新话题。Now, some phone companies are trying to introduce Internet-ready phones into African markets. 里句首 Now 是典型的话题切换信号，把镜头从'非洲上网难'切到'手机公司在做什么'，紧跟其后的就是题目要问的具体动作。

• introduce Internet-ready phones↔Promote Internet-ready phones.introduce≈promote 同义替换
• into African markets↔Promote Internet-ready phones.in Africa = into African markets

• A)未提及Set up company branches. 在录音里根本没出现 set up 或 branches 这类词，是凭'公司+非洲'凑出的常识推论，属于未提及类干扰。
• B)Improve its infrastructure. 借了 tough to wire for Internet access 这类'基建落后'的语境制造既视感，但原文从未说手机公司去改善基础设施，而是说他们另辟蹊径推廉价手机，是典型的原词陷阱+偷换概念。

  借用原文：Most Africans live in rural areas that are tough to wire for Internet access.

• C)Introduce iPhones into its markets. 盗用了原文段尾 Apple's top-of-the-line iPhone has $390 worth of stuff. 这一处 iPhone 原词，但原文恰恰是把 iPhone 当成对照——非洲推的是低价 KaiOS 手机、不是 iPhone，这是典型原词陷阱+与原文相反。

  借用原文：Apple's top-of-the-line iPhone has $390 worth of stuff.

How do KaiOS smartphones differ from smartphones of most other companies?

But + went the other way 双重转折。But KaiOS went the other way. 里的 But 与 went the other way 是典型的双重转折信号，前一句 Most companies are trying to make phones ever more powerful and capable. 是被否定的对照基线，转折后那一句才是真正在讲 KaiOS 的差异点。

• strip out costs and preserve battery life for people who likely have inadequate access to electricity↔They cater to Africans' needs.服务用电不稳人群→迎合非洲人需求
• But KaiOS went the other way.↔They cater to Africans' needs.反其道而行=另辟需求侧

• B)原词陷阱They are more expensive models. 借了 more expensive models 这个原词，但原文恰恰是说 KaiOS 给出更便宜的替代品、绕开 more expensive models，与原文方向完全相反，是原词陷阱+与原文相反。

  借用原文：The KaiOS devices offer an alternative to the more expensive models that remain out of reach of many Africans

• C)They are more powerful and capable 直接照搬了 more powerful and capable 这串原词，但原文是说'多数公司在追求更强更全，而 KaiOS 反其道而行'，KaiOS 恰恰不是更强更全，原词陷阱+张冠李戴。

  借用原文：Most companies are trying to make phones ever more powerful and capable.

• D)They boast the longest battery life. 盗用了 preserve battery life 这一处续航话题，但原文只说'保住/延长续航'，并没有说'最长'，longest 是程度的过度推断，未提及 + 与原文相反。

  借用原文：preserve battery life for people who likely have inadequate access to electricity

What are KaiOS smartphones equipped with?

Instead of 一句给出'不是A、是B'。Instead of a touchscreen, they're controlled with an old-school keypad. 用 Instead of 这一对比信号，把两种硬件方案并排摆出来：前半否定 touchscreen、后半肯定 old-school keypad，结构上一句话同时回答了'不是什么+是什么'。

• they're controlled with an old-school keypad↔An old-school keypad.原词级同义对应

• A)A large touchscreen. 盗用了原文 Instead of a touchscreen 的 touchscreen 原词，但原文用 Instead of 明确否定了 touchscreen，方向完全反了，是典型原词陷阱+与原文相反。

  借用原文：Instead of a touchscreen, they're controlled with an old-school keypad.

• C)A voice-response device. 在录音里完全没有 voice 或 response 类词，是凭'智能手机也可能用语音控制'这种常识脑补的，属于未提及。
• D)A digitally-designed system. 与原文里描述 KaiOS 手机外观、控制方式的句子毫无对应，'数字化设计的系统'是个含义空泛的兜底干扰，属未提及。

What is said about using recycled plastic to make plastic products in the past?

对比信号 By contrast 锁定答案句。答案句的关键信号是 By contrast——它紧跟在"回收塑料便宜"之后，接出"化石燃料塑料更贵"的对比，正好把两者的价格高低关系明确点出。此外开头的 For years 对应题干的 in the past，是时间锚点。

• using recycled plastic to make plastic products was cheap↔It was cheaper than using fossil fuel plastic.录音两句并一句·形容词转比较级
• fossil fuel plastic was more expensive↔than using fossil fuel plastic对比对象逐词对齐

• A)原词陷阱录音原句是 this sustainable option was an economic option too，意思是"这种可持续选项同时也是经济划算的选项"，强调的是"便宜=经济"，与"保证可持续经济增长"完全不是一回事。选项把 sustainable + economic 这两个原词拼成 sustainable economic growth，但 growth（增长）在录音里根本没提。

  借用原文：this sustainable option was an economic option too

• B)录音第一段只讲了"便宜"和"经济"，全篇也未出现 manufacturers oppose 这类否定/反对的措辞，strongly opposed 是凭空捏造的反向描述，属于典型的"未提及"。
• D)张冠李戴录音确实提到 This may be because of consumer demands，但那是在解释"现在回收塑料反而更贵"的原因，发生在"现在"，与题干限定的 in the past 时间错位。选项盗用了 consumer demand 这个原词把"现在"的信息安到"过去"，是典型的张冠李戴。

  借用原文：This may be because of consumer demands

What has led to more competitive price for new plastic?

因果信号 This is because 锁定答案句。答案句靠 This is because of 这个清晰的因果信号锁定——录音里出现"new plastic is becoming cheaper"（结果）后紧接着用 This is because of 给出原因 a boom in petroleum chemical production from the U.S.，这就是题目要的原因。

• a boom in petroleum chemical production from the U.S.↔A rapid increase in U.S. petroleum chemical production.boom=rapid increase·同义词替换

• A)未提及"大规模生产能力"听起来很合理（产能高自然成本低），但录音里从未提到 capacity 或 mass produce，这是凭常识脑补出的答案，属于未提及。
• B)录音里 U.S. 只与 petroleum chemical production from the U.S. 搭配，是讲"美国石化产量"，全篇并未提到 U.S. federal government 的任何 regulation。选项盗用了原词 U.S.，又把后半段 The UK government 的"政府监管"语义错位拼到"美国"头上，是典型的"原词+张冠李戴"混合干扰。

  借用原文：petroleum chemical production from the U.S.

• C)偷换概念clear plastic bottles 确实在 Makers of clear plastic bottles may also opt for new fossil-fuel based plastic to save money 里出现过，但那是讲"透明塑料瓶的厂家会选新塑料"——是"新塑料更便宜"的结果之一，而不是它变便宜的原因。选项把"结果"包装成"原因"。

  借用原文：Makers of clear plastic bottles may also opt for new fossil-fuel based plastic to save money

What does the UK government plan to do about plastic?

主体+计划信号 plans to / is planning to 双重锁定。本段同时出现两次明显的"计划"信号：The UK government plans to 与 the government is planning to——主体+plan to 的合体两次出现，构成两条并列计划，是无可争议的答案句。

• tax companies which don't use at least 30% recycled plastic↔Take measures to promote the use of recycled plastic.具体措施→抽象概括
• increase the quantity of recycled plastic in the market↔promote the use of recycled plastic增加供应=促进使用·名词化与动词化对调

• A)偷换概念录音原文是 tax companies which don't use at least 30% recycled plastic，30% 限定的是 recycled plastic（回收塑料），政府要求的是"至少用30%的回收塑料"。选项把数字 30% 原样搬过来，但偷偷把 recycled plastic 换成 new plastic（新塑料），方向完全反了——典型的"数字原词陷阱+正话反说"。

  借用原文：tax companies which don't use at least 30% recycled plastic in their products

• B)偷换概念录音说政府计划 increase the quantity of recycled plastic in the market——增加的是回收塑料的量。选项把 recycled plastic 偷换成 new plastic（新塑料），把"增加回收塑料供应"扭曲成"增加新塑料供应"，正好相反。又是把 increase 原词留着、偷换名词的伎俩。

  借用原文：the government is planning to increase the quantity of recycled plastic in the market

• C)录音里 reduce plastic pollution 的目标是 reducing the enormous amount of plastic pollution in the oceans——减少海洋里的塑料污染。选项把 oceans 偷换成 local areas（本地地区），范围被偷改了；并且 reduce pollution 这件事在录音里也不是政府计划的内容，而是"包装厂家被施压"去做的，主体也不对。属于范围偷改+张冠李戴的双重错。

  借用原文：reducing the enormous amount of plastic pollution in the oceans

What do we learn about the Dreamery, a business in Manhattan?

正面定义 + 否定式澄清。答案句的信号有两层:一是 naps are for sale 直接给出 Dreamery 做什么生意——卖午睡;二是 To be clear, this institution is no hotel. This is a nap joint. 用'no… this is…'的否定式定义把考生最容易误以为的身份(酒店)否掉、把真身(专门做午睡的店)亮出来,这是典型的篇章信号:说话人主动澄清的句子常常就是答案句。

• naps are for sale↔rents a place for nap-takersnaps are for sale ≈ rents a place for nap-takers
• A 45-minute session in a darkened enclosure with peace and quiet costs $25.↔rents a place for nap-takersa darkened enclosure ≈ a place;costs $25 ≈ rents

• A)未提及It studies dreams. 利用机构名 Dreamery 含 dream 一词来制造'研究梦'的字面联想,但录音从未说这家店研究 dreams,只说它出售 naps are for sale;店名带 dream 不等于业务是研究 dream,这是把字面误当成业务定义。
• C)与原文相反It is a hotel for business people. 里的 hotel 在录音 this institution is no hotel 里原词出现,但出现的位置正是被讲话人否掉的位置——讲话人明确说'这不是酒店'。考生若只听到 hotel 三个字就选,会正好掉进讲话人提前设的反话陷阱里。

  借用原文：this institution is no hotel

• D)过度推断It is a nap research institute. 把这家店从'a business / a nap joint'拔高为'研究机构'。录音明明说 At the Dreamery, a business in Manhattan,定位是 business(生意),又自称 nap joint(店);从未说它是 research institute,这是把性质从'商业'拔高到'学术研究',越界推断。

  借用原文：At the Dreamery, a business in Manhattan

Why does the speaker ask us to look at the world around us at 2:30 in the afternoon?

立场句 + 反问 + 让你看现象。信号有三层:一是立场句 The answer is obviously yes. 先抛出讲话人的论点——午睡显然值得;二是反问 But do you really need experts to tell you that?,讲话人用反问替代了'引研究'的常规论证;三是承接动作 Just look at the world around you at 2:30 in the afternoon.——既然不需要专家,那就用'你身边下午两点半的景象'来代替专家的研究,直接让听众自己看到午睡显然重要。三层连起来:让你看下午两点半的世界,目的就是让你自己印证讲话人那句'午睡显然重要'。

• The answer is obviously yes.↔the obvious importance of nappingobviously yes ≈ obvious importance
• Just look at the world around you at 2:30 in the afternoon.↔To understand the obvious importance of nappinglook at ≈ understand

• A)原词陷阱To find out creative people's work performance. 借了录音第三段里 I don't understand how people have creative careers without napping. 中的 creative 一词制造熟悉感,但讲话人让人看下午两点半的世界,目的不是去研究'有创造力的人的工作表现',他根本没让你去观察任何特定人群。这是跨段盗词,把第三段的词嫁接到第二段的目的上。

  借用原文：I don't understand how people have creative careers without napping.

• B)与原文相反To see how many people can go without napping. 在方向上正好与讲话人立场相反。讲话人是在论证'午睡显然重要',让你看世界是为了证明大家都需要午睡;选项却说目的是'看有多少人不靠午睡也行',这把目的反向了。

  借用原文：The answer is obviously yes.

• D)偷换概念To feel how difficult it is to get his idea across. 把讲话人的目的偷换成'体会到自己讲清楚观点有多难'。录音里讲话人并不是在抱怨自己难以传达观点,他相反非常自信地说'你不需要专家'——他对自己的观点能不能被听懂没有任何困扰,选项是对讲话人姿态的歪曲。

  借用原文：But do you really need experts to tell you that?

What do we learn about the quantity and quality of the speaker's work?

因果衔接词 emerges directly from。答案信号是 emerges directly from 这一因果衔接短语——它把'工作的质和量'与'集中力'明确绑成因果关系。这种'A emerges/comes/results from B'结构是听力细节题最直接的答案信号,因为它已经替你把'答案靠什么'说清楚了,只需把 B 抓住即可。

• the quality and quantity of work I can do↔Theythe quality and quantity of work ≈ They
• emerges directly from my ability to concentrate↔depend on his ability to concentrateemerges directly from ≈ depend on

• A)原词陷阱They decline due to pointless meetings. 借了录音里 attend pointless meetings until 7 p.m. 中的 pointless meetings 制造熟悉感,但 pointless meetings 在录音里是讲话人用来描述'不午睡就要被迫做的烂事'之一,并不是导致讲话人产出 decline 的原因。讲话人压根没说自己产出在下降,只是把不午睡的人生活描述为低效。

  借用原文：attend pointless meetings until 7 p.m.

• C)与原文相反They enable him to enjoy a creative career. 盗了录音 I don't understand how people have creative careers without napping. 中的 creative career 来诱选。但因果方向相反:录音是说'人怎么能在没午睡的情况下还做创造性工作'——讲话人是用 creative career 来反衬'没午睡就难做创造性工作',而不是说工作的质和量'使他能享受'创造性职业。选项把'我的工作量质 → 取决于集中力'偷换成'我的工作量质 → 让我能享受创造性职业',因果颠倒。

  借用原文：I don't understand how people have creative careers without napping.

• D)原词陷阱They are affected by the overuse of social media. 借了录音里 daydream and drift around social media 中的 social media 制造熟悉感。但录音里 drift around social media 是讲话人描述'不午睡会陷入'的散漫状态之一,并非他在说自己的工作量质被社交媒体过度使用所影响。同样是用原词嫁接到错位的因果上。

  借用原文：daydream and drift around social media

What does the speaker say he finds odd?

态度词 odd 直接锁前一句。答案信号是 I genuinely find it odd. 中的 odd——题干 What does the speaker say he finds odd? 在录音里几乎是原词复现,it 又指代前面紧挨的那个现象。听力里'我觉得 odd / strange / surprising'这种句式,it 指的就是前一句讲过的事——这是态度题的最直接信号。

• their bosses insist that they take the second option, and that napping is associated with laziness↔Some bosses associate napping with laziness.their bosses + napping is associated with laziness ≈ Some bosses associate napping with laziness
• I genuinely find it odd.↔Some bosses associate napping with laziness.it = 前一句现象 ≈ A 项内容

• B)未提及Many office workers nap during work hours. 借了录音里 The friends I have who still work in offices 中的 offices 制造场景熟悉感,但录音从未说很多上班族在上班时间午睡,反而说老板逼他们走第二条路(发呆、刷社交媒体、开无意义的会)。这是凭空造一个录音没有的现象。
• C)原词陷阱Some bosses can concentrate without napping. 盗了第三段 my ability to concentrate 里的 concentrate 一词制造熟悉感,但讲话人本人的立场恰恰是'不午睡很难保持集中力',而且讲话人觉得 odd 的对象是'老板对午睡的偏见',不是老板的集中力。选项把讲话人不解的对象偷换成了与原话无关的、且方向相反的命题。

  借用原文：my ability to concentrate

• D)张冠李戴Many of his friends daydream in the office. 盗了第三段 daydream and drift around social media 里的 daydream 与第四段 The friends I have who still work in offices 里的 friends,把两个原词拼到一起造一个录音没说的现象。录音里讲话人觉得 odd 的是老板把午睡当懒惰,而不是朋友在办公室发呆;且 daydream 是讲话人假设'不午睡就会陷入'的状态,不是他对朋友行为的描述。

  借用原文：daydream and drift around social media