2023年6月·第3套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

Why are many employees opposed to team-building exercises? 用 Why 提问，问的是原文已写明的具体理由，不需要跨段推理。

题干 Why are many employees opposed to team-building exercises? 是一般疑问句，主干为员工反对团建练习，be opposed to 是固定搭配表示反对、抵触，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • regard these exercises as a nuisance↔consider such exercises annoying
  • resent↔annoying

  预判员工嫌团建烦人，They consider such exercises annoying 正是定位句 regard these exercises as a nuisance 的同义改写，故锁定该项。

• B)无中生有

  counter-productive 指适得其反、降低生产力，原文只说员工嫌烦，从未说团建会起反作用，属凭空添加。

• C)与原文相反

  harmful to harmony 称团建有害于和谐，但原文 increase organisational and team harmony 说团建本意是增进和谐，选项把目的反说成危害。

• D)答非所问

  too demanding 指要求过高、太费力，这是 on top of their busy jobs 一带而过的另一层意思，并非第 46 题问的反对的主要原因。

What did Dr. Matous and his team do 问的是研究团队具体做了什么，答案是原文明写的动作清单，属事实查找。

题干主干是 What did Dr. Matous and his team do，后接不定式目的状语 to find out whether...，其中 whether 引导宾语从句表示是否提升效率；理清主干问做法、状语说目的，即无障碍。

• A)以偏概全

  relocated team leaders 只说调动了团队领导，而原文 Staff are relocated 指全体员工，选项把范围悄悄缩小到领导一类人。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Staff are relocated↔rearranged the staff
  • office spaces redesigned↔office spaces

  预判为调动员工与办公空间，They rearranged the staff and office spaces 把两个动作合并改写，与定位句一一对应，故锁定该项。

• C)偷换概念

  redesigned the staff's work schedules 说重新设计的是工作日程，但原文 redesigned 的对象是 office spaces 办公空间，选项偷换了被改造的对象。

• D)无中生有

  reintroduced some cohesive activities 说重新引入凝聚性活动，原文从未提及重新引入活动这一动作，纯属添加。

What did the study by Matous' team find about some team-building exercises? 问的是研究已写明的发现，可直接定位明文结论，属细节查找。

题干 What did the study by Matous' team find about some team-building exercises? 主干为研究发现了什么，about 引出对象范围；注意 some 限定的是部分团建练习而非全部，是本题理解关键。

• A)答非所问

  intended to share personal attitudes and relationships 说团建意在分享个人态度关系，但 focused on the sharing of... 是研究者对这类团建特征的客观描述，且本题问的是研究的发现而非团建的意图。

• B)与原文相反

  added to the vulnerability 称团建增加了成员的脆弱，但原文 some degree of...vulnerability is often necessary 说一定程度的脆弱是建立联系所必需的，并非团建恶意制造脆弱。

• C)过度推断

  invariably strengthened connections 说团建无一例外地增进了联系，但原文只说脆弱开放是建立联系所必需的前提，且整段强调这类团建被嫌侵入，并未说它总能增进联系。

• D)✓ 正确
  • intrusive↔an intrusion into employees' private lives
  • interest in their lives beyond their direct work performance↔into employees' private lives

  预判某团建被嫌强硬侵入，They were regarded as an intrusion into employees' private lives 把 intrusive 与 P6 对私生活的窥探合并改写，完全对应。

How can the self-disclosure approach succeed in increasing interpersonal closeness? 问的是原文明写的成功前提，可直接定位，属细节题。

题干 How can the self-disclosure approach succeed in increasing interpersonal closeness? 主干问该方法如何才能成功，succeed in doing 是固定搭配表示成功做到某事；结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  freedom to express themselves 说让参与者自由表达，但原文规定的成功条件是 voluntary 自愿参加，而非表达自由，选项偷换了条件的内容。

• B)✓ 正确
  • it must be voluntary↔employees who volunteer to participate

  预判成功须自愿，By applying it to employees who volunteer to participate 把 voluntary 落实为只对自愿参与者使用，与定位句完全对应。

• C)答非所问

  arranging in proper order the questions 说按顺序排好问题，这是 guided through a series of questions 描述的方法本身，而非题干所问的成功前提。

• D)偷换概念

  guiding employees through a series of steps in team building 把自我表露法说成团建中的引导步骤，原文的 a series of questions 是问题不是团建步骤，且仍未触及自愿这一成功条件。

What does Matous think of the various psychological methods... 虽问看法，但 Matous 的观点在原文引语中已明说，可直接定位，按细节题处理。

题干 What does Matous think of the various psychological methods borrowed from other fields for strengthening relationships? 主干为 Matous 怎么看这些方法，think of 表示对某事的评价，borrowed... 是后置定语修饰 methods；抓住主干即可。

• A)过度推断

  used in combination for an entire collective 说必须组合使用，但原文 how to apply them effectively to strengthen an entire collective 说的是如何有效运用以强化整体，并未要求把方法组合起来。

• B)张冠李戴

  prioritise some psychological aspects over others 说这些方法偏重某些心理层面，这呼应的是 numerous schools of thought that propose differing psychological methods，是对各派别的描述，并非 Matous 对借用方法的看法。

• C)与原文相反

  place too much stress on individual relationships 说过分强调个体关系，但原文 more than just the sum of individual relationships 恰恰说整体不只是个体关系之和，提醒不要只看个体，选项把意思说反了。

• D)✓ 正确
  • With caution↔applied cautiously
  • how to apply them effectively↔to be effective

  预判须谨慎且讲求有效，They have to be applied cautiously to be effective 同时覆盖 With caution 与 apply them effectively，故锁定该项。