2024年6月·第2套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower? 用 what...need to do 句式直接问具体做法，不含 infer/imply/mainly about，是标准的细节题问法。

What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower? 主干是 what does the author say (that) we need to do，后面的 to strengthen our willpower 是目的状语；翻译时把目的状语提到前面："为了强化意志力，作者说我们需要做什么"。无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文说意志力本身就是 the ability to control yourself，是控制者，不是被控对象；Keep it under control. 把主客关系倒置。

• B)✓ 正确
  • constantly exercise it↔Apply it continuously.

  预判"持续锻炼"与 Apply it continuously. 字面同义，是 constantly exercise it 的标准同义替换，无需推断。

• C)无中生有

  why some entrepreneurs have greater success than others 只是引出话题的例子，文中并未要求读者"向企业家学习"以强化意志力。

• D)张冠李戴

  strong determination that allows you to do something difficult 说的是意志力"能让人坚定追求成功"，是它的功能；选项把功能当成强化方法，张冠李戴。

How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage? 用 how 询问客观执行方式，并加 according to the passage 强调贴文回答，是细节题。

How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage? 这是 how 引导的被动语态疑问句，主语是 almost half of our daily actions，谓语 are performed；according to the passage 是状语。考生若不熟悉被动，需理解为"我们日常行为中近一半是如何被完成的"。

• A)✓ 正确
  • are part of our habits and not decisions↔Out of habit.

  预判"出于习惯"与 Out of habit. 字面一致，是 are part of our habits 的标准同义替换。

• B)与原文相反

  are part of our habits and not decisions 已明说"不是决定"；With determination. 与 decision 同属"有意识决断"的语义场，正好被否定。

• C)张冠李戴

  muscle building 来自 Willpower is just like a muscle 的比喻，与 Q47 的执行方式无关，被借来制造干扰。

• D)张冠李戴

  self-discipline 与 Self-control 同义，但 P5 谈的是自控的功能，不是"日常行为如何被执行"，被借来诱导。

What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically? 是 what + 具体行为，问"什么会帮助"，求客观条件，属细节题。

What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically? 主干 What will help people (to) stick to doing something；stick to 后接动名词 doing；constructive 与 automatically 分别修饰"事"和"做"。基础薄弱者要注意 stick to 不是"棍子"，而是固定搭配"坚持"。

• A)与原文相反

  you will automatically perform those tasks on a day-to-day basis 中 day-to-day 是养成习惯后"自动每日去做"的结果；选项把结果当方法，因果倒置。

• B)以偏概全

  if you have a health issue 只是说明"有价值结果"的一个例子；选项把例子当成普适条件，以偏概全。

• C)与原文相反

  Even with an incredible amount of talent, without the discipline and motivation to create positive habits, it can be difficult to achieve success. 明确说光有天赋不够；选项却把"有一定天赋"当成坚持习惯的条件，与原文相反。

• D)✓ 正确
  • Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit↔Foreseeing the desired outcome it will yield.

  预判"预见到有价值回报"的语义被 Foreseeing the desired outcome it will yield. 精确承担，是 P4 段尾结论句的同义替换。

How does the art of self-control help us succeed? 用 how 询问机制，要求贴文给出 self-control 起作用的方式，属细节题。

How does the art of self-control help us succeed? 主干 How does X help us (to) succeed；help 后省略 to，接动词原形 succeed。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  原文未提"保持头脑清醒"，更未说 permanently；选项凭空生造"永远清醒"。

• B)与原文相反

  原文说自控让人"避开无益行为、采纳有益行为"，是有方向的取舍；alter our behaviors constantly 暗示"不断改来改去"，与作者"养成稳定好习惯"的立场相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • adopt those that do↔By enabling us to take positive actions
  • Self-control enables you to↔By enabling us to

  预判同时含"避开"与"采纳"两面，选项 By enabling us to take positive actions 抓住其中"采纳正向行为"的一面，是定位句的合法概括（避开 negative = 接近 positive，二者同向）。

• D)偷换概念

  原文是 avoid behaviors that don't contribute to your success，避的是"无益行为"，不是 risks；"风险"是文中从未出现的概念。

Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control? 用 why 问"难以保持自控"的客观原因，答案要能在文中找到，按细节题处理。

Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control? 这是 why 引导的疑问句 + 形式主语句型：it 形式主语，真主语是 to maintain self-control；can 表示"有可能、可能会"的可能性，不要误译成"能够"。

• A)无中生有

  原文反复强调正确习惯一旦养成就会 automatically perform；选项却说"我们大多数人没有自控的习惯"，与作者立场相反，且并非作者给出的难维持原因。

• B)✓ 正确
  • there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control↔We may not get immediate rewards from self-control.

  预判"回报被推迟"被 We may not get immediate rewards from self-control. 精确承担，是 because 句的正反同义改写。

• C)无中生有

  原文谈的是 delayed satisfaction，是"满足感被推迟"，并非 pains"痛苦"；作者从未把自控与痛苦绑定。

• D)偷换概念

  原文说 if you work on sticking to those small positive habits...it becomes easier to...achieve that delayed reward，重点是"小习惯"带来"延迟的大回报"；small benefits 把延迟错读成"好处本身小"。