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2024年6月·第2套 英语四级长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 · 36–45 题答案与解析

本页是 2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的真题与解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面:Directions 与 13 段共 1016 词的字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译),之后 10 句陈述(36–45,定位锚点强 8 句、弱 2 句,答案共命中 10 个段落)逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析(陈述句中译 / 信息所在段落 / 锚点强弱 / 定位句中英对照 / 陈述句与原文的同义改写 / 易混相邻段辨析),另附逐段主旨图。

STATEMENTS & ANALYSIS · 信息匹配题和解析

信息匹配题和解析 · 36–45 题

本页 36–45 题的段落匹配答案与逐句解析由懒笔记基于2024年6月·第2套 英语四级长篇阅读(信息匹配)原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面:先是 Directions 与 13 段字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译);之后 10 句陈述逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析——陈述句中译、信息所在段落、锚点强弱、定位句中英对照、陈述句与原文的同义改写对照与易混相邻段辨析。

真题卷第2套(2024-06) • 英语四级
Part Ⅲ Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How to better work towards long-term goals
A)
Hal Hershfield, a psychologist at the UCLA Anderson School of Management, wanted to know why people weren't saving for retirement. Across the board, people are living longer. Logically, they'll need more money to live comfortably in their post-work years. And yet, savings rates in the U.S. have gone down in recent decades, not up.

UCLA Anderson管理学院的心理学家Hal Hershfield想知道为什么人们不为退休储蓄。总体而言,人们的寿命越来越长。从逻辑上讲,他们需要更多的钱才能在退休后的岁月里过得舒适。然而,美国的储蓄率近几十年来不升反降。

B)
To help explain this seemingly irrational behavior, Hershfield and his team scanned the brains of study participants while asking them to what degree various traits(特征)—like "honorable" or "funny"—applied to their current self, their future self, a current other, or a future other. As participants answered, Hershfield's team recorded which parts of their brains lit up. Unsurprisingly, people's brains were most active when thinking about their current selves and least active when thinking about a current other. But the team found that participants' brain activity while considering their future selves more closely resembled their brain activity while thinking about a current other rather than the current self.

为了帮助解释这种看似不理性的行为,Hershfield和他的团队在询问研究参与者各种特征(如"可敬的"或"有趣的")在多大程度上适用于他们当前的自我、未来的自我、当前的他人或未来的他人时,扫描了他们的大脑。在参与者回答时,Hershfield的团队记录了他们大脑的哪些部分被激活。不出所料,人们在思考当前自我时大脑最活跃,在思考当前他人时最不活跃。但研究团队发现,参与者在考虑未来自我时的大脑活动更接近于他们在思考当前他人时的大脑活动,而不是当前自我。

C)
Put in practical terms, when thinking of yourself in a month or a year or a decade, your brain registers that person in ways similar to how it would register Taylor Swift or the mailman. Understood in that way, saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely.

用实际的话来说,当想到一个月、一年或十年后的自己时,你的大脑记录那个人的方式类似于它记录Taylor Swift或邮递员的方式。从这个角度理解,为退休储蓄就相当于把钱完全送给别人。

D)
In light of Hershfield's study, one simple question arises: Is it possible to make our present selves give a damn about our future selves? The answers are anything but simple.

根据Hershfield的研究,一个简单的问题出现了:是否有可能让我们当前的自我关心我们未来的自我?答案绝非简单。

E)
Seen through the lens of the present self versus the future self, our self-defeating actions—like choosing to watch television rather than go to the gym—suddenly make perfect sense. We get to enjoy the very concrete, immediate benefits of our actions while someone else (namely, our future selves) suffers the hypothetical(假设的), far-off consequences. As a result, the decisions we make for our present selves often look very different from our decisions for our future selves. We believe that tomorrow will be different. We believe that we will be different tomorrow; but in doing so, we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self.

从当前自我与未来自我的角度来看,我们的自我挫败行为——比如选择看电视而不是去健身房——突然变得非常合理。我们享受着行为带来的非常具体、即时的好处,而其他人(即我们未来的自我)则承受假设的、遥远的后果。因此,我们为当前自我做出的决定往往与为未来自我做出的决定大不相同。我们相信明天会有所不同。我们相信明天的自己会有所不同;但这样做时,我们将当前的情绪置于不作为对未来自我造成的后果之上。

F)
Understanding our procrastination(拖延) through the lens of the present and future selves, we're left with three possible solutions: The first is to force your future self to do whatever your present self doesn't want to do. The second is to convince your present self that your future self is, in fact, still you. If the central problem is that we think of our future selves as other people, it follows that trying to identify more closely with our future selves will encourage us to make better long-term decisions.

从当前自我和未来自我的角度理解我们的拖延,我们有三种可能的解决方案:第一种是强迫你未来的自我去做你当前的自我不想做的事情。第二种是说服你当前的自我,你未来的自我实际上仍然是你。如果核心问题是我们把未来的自我看作其他人,那么试图更紧密地认同我们未来的自我将鼓励我们做出更好的长期决策。

G)
In a follow-up study, Hershfield wanted to explore ways to bridge the disconnect between the present and future selves and encourage people to save more for retirement. He and his team took photos of study participants, and then used image processing to visually age their faces. Participants were then placed in a virtual reality setting where they could look into a mirror and see their aged selves looking back at them. Participants who saw their aged selves said they would save 30% more of their salary for retirement than the control group.

在一项后续研究中,Hershfield想探索弥合当前自我与未来自我之间脱节的方法,并鼓励人们为退休储蓄更多。他和他的团队为研究参与者拍照,然后使用图像处理技术在视觉上使他们的面孔变老。然后参与者被置于虚拟现实环境中,在那里他们可以照镜子,看到年老的自己看着他们。看到年老自我的参与者表示,他们会比对照组多储蓄30%的工资用于退休。

H)
Whatever your long-term goals may be—getting in better shape, launching your own business, writing a book—thinking about your deadline in terms of days rather than months or years can help you wrap your mind around how close the future really is.

无论你的长期目标是什么——塑造更好的身材、创办自己的企业、写一本书——以天而不是月或年来思考你的截止日期可以帮助你理解未来实际上有多近。

I)
The third solution is to forget about your future self and use your present self's love of instant gratification(满足感) to your advantage. While the two tactics(手段) above can be effective in making better long-term choices, in the end, you're still struggling against human nature. Our brains are hard-wired for instant gratification. Instead of fighting your present self's need for immediate rewards, why not use it to your advantage? When most of us set goals, we focus on long-term results we want to see—e.g., losing weight, getting a promotion, retiring in comfort, etc. While those visions of our future selves can be inspiring, when it comes to actually doing the day-to-day work, it may be more effective to reframe activities in terms of their immediate, or at least very near-term, rewards.

第三种解决方案是忘记你未来的自我,利用你当前自我对即时满足感的热爱来为你服务。虽然上述两种策略在做出更好的长期选择方面可能有效,但归根结底,你仍在与人性作斗争。我们的大脑天生就渴望即时满足感。与其对抗你当前自我对即时奖励的需求,为什么不利用它来为你服务呢?当我们大多数人设定目标时,我们专注于我们想看到的长期结果——例如,减肥、获得晋升、舒适地退休等。虽然这些对未来自我的愿景可能令人鼓舞,但在实际进行日常工作时,根据活动的即时或至少非常近期的奖励来重新定义活动可能更有效。

J)
Take writing this article, for instance. It's easy for me to imagine how amazing it will feel at the end of the workday to have this article done. This isn't just my opinion. Research partners Kaitlin Woolley of Cornell University and Ayelet Fishbach of the University of Chicago have made a career out of studying the differences between the goals that people achieve and the ones that fall to the wayside.

以写这篇文章为例。我很容易想象在工作日结束时完成这篇文章会有多么美妙。这不仅仅是我的看法。Cornell University的Kaitlin Woolley和University of Chicago的Ayelet Fishbach这对研究伙伴通过研究人们实现的目标与半途而废的目标之间的差异建立了自己的事业。

K)
"In one study, we asked people online about the goals they set at the beginning of the year. Most people set goals to achieve delayed, long-term benefits, such as career advancement, debt repayment, or improved health. We asked these individuals how enjoyable it was to pursue their goal, as well as how important their goal was. We also asked whether they were still working on their goals two months after setting them. We found that enjoyment predicted people's goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be," Woolley said.

"在一项研究中,我们在网上询问人们在年初设定的目标。大多数人设定的目标是实现延迟的长期利益,如职业晋升、债务偿还或健康改善。我们询问这些人追求目标有多愉快,以及他们的目标有多重要。我们还询问他们在设定目标两个月后是否仍在为目标努力。我们发现,在设定目标两个月后,愉悦感对人们目标坚持性的预测作用远大于他们对目标重要性的评价,"Woolley说。

L)
This pattern held true across a wide variety of goals from exercising to studying to eating healthier foods. For example, people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits. Other studies have shown a greater uptake of exercise in people who were told to think of the enjoyment of doing the exercise now rather than future health gains.

这种模式在从锻炼到学习再到吃更健康食物的各种目标中都成立。例如,当被指示关注美味而不是长期健康益处时,人们吃健康食品的量会增加50%。其他研究表明,被告知要考虑现在进行锻炼的愉悦感而不是未来健康收益的人,锻炼的参与度更高。

M)
These findings suggest that when it comes to achieving your goals, enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits. In other words, present self trumps(战胜) future self. Who says instant gratification has to be a bad thing? By all means, set ambitious long-term goals for your future self, but when it comes to actually following through day-to-day, make sure your present self knows what's in it for her too.

这些发现表明,在实现目标方面,享受过程本身比想要长期利益更重要。换句话说,当前自我战胜未来自我。谁说即时满足感一定是坏事?尽管为你未来的自我设定雄心勃勃的长期目标,但在实际进行日常跟进时,确保你当前的自我也知道其中对她有什么好处。

陈述句与逐句解析

36.
Our brains are genetically determined to satisfy immediate desires.

我们的大脑在基因上被决定去满足即时的欲望。

【答案】
I段(强锚点)
【锚点】

脑天生求即时满足

【定位】
I 段

Our brains are hard-wired for instant gratification.

我们的大脑天生就被设定为追求即时满足。

【改写】
  • Our brains are genetically determinedOur brains are hard-wired

    近义替换:基因决定=硬接线

  • satisfy immediate desiresinstant gratification

    名词化对应:满足即时欲望=即时满足

【辨邻】
  • E

    we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self 描述的是选择偏好,并未说明这种偏好是“基因决定”或“天生写死”,没有对应 genetically determined 这一关键定性。

    we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self

37.
Taken in a practical way, saving for post-work years is like giving money away to others.

从实际角度来看,为退休后的年月储蓄就像把钱白白送给别人。

【答案】
C段(强锚点)
【锚点】

存退休金=送钱给别人

【定位】
C 段

Understood in that way, saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely.

这样一想,为退休存钱就等同于把钱完全送给另一个人。

【改写】
  • saving for post-work yearssaving for retirement

    上位/同义替换:退休=工作以后的岁月

  • is like giving money away to othersis the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely

    同义改写:is like = is the equivalent of

【辨邻】
  • B

    participants' brain activity while considering their future selves more closely resembled their brain activity while thinking about a current other rather than the current self 只说脑活动相似,并未把“存养老金”比作“把钱送给别人”。

    participants' brain activity while considering their future selves more closely resembled their brain activity while thinking about a current other rather than the current self

38.
Research found that, as regards achievement of one's goals, it is important to focus more on enjoying the process than the long-term benefits.

研究发现,就个人目标的实现而言,更多地关注享受过程而非长期利益是重要的。

【答案】
M段(弱锚点)
【锚点】

享受过程比长期好处更重要

【定位】
M 段

These findings suggest that when it comes to achieving your goals, enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits.

这些发现表明,谈到达成目标时,享受过程本身比追求长期好处更重要。

【改写】
  • focus more on enjoying the process than the long-term benefitsenjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits

    句式重构:focus more on X than Y = X is more important than Y

  • as regards achievement of one's goalswhen it comes to achieving your goals

    介词短语等价:as regards = when it comes to

【辨邻】
  • K

    enjoyment predicted people's goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be 谈的是“享受度比重要性更能预测坚持”,对立项不是“长期好处”而是“重要性”,与陈述句不完全对应。

    enjoyment predicted people's goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be

  • L

    people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits 是支撑总结的具体例证,不直接陈述“享受过程 比 长期好处 更重要”这一论断。

    people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits

39.
Regarding our future selves as still being ourselves will help us make better long-term decisions.

将我们未来的自己视为仍然是我们自己将有助于我们做出更好的长期决策。

【答案】
F段(强锚点)
【锚点】

把未来自我当作自己→更好长期决策

【定位】
F 段

If the central problem is that we think of our future selves as other people, it follows that trying to identify more closely with our future selves will encourage us to make better long-term decisions.

如果核心问题在于我们把未来的自己当成另一个人,那么试着与未来的自己更亲近,自然就会鼓励我们做出更好的长期决策。

【改写】
  • Regarding our future selves as still being ourselvestrying to identify more closely with our future selves

    动词同义改写:把……视作=与……更亲近认同

  • better long-term decisionsbetter long-term decisions

    原样复现

【辨邻】
  • G

    bridge the disconnect between the present and future selves and encourage people to save more for retirement 描述具体实验目的,没有给出“把未来自我当作仍是自己→更好长期决策”这一抽象论断。

    bridge the disconnect between the present and future selves and encourage people to save more for retirement

40.
Savings rates in America have dropped in recent decades even though people's life expectancy has increased.

近几十年来,尽管人们的预期寿命有所增加,但美国的储蓄率却下降了。

【答案】
A段(强锚点)
【锚点】

美国储蓄率下降+寿命变长

【定位】
A 段

Across the board, people are living longer. Logically, they'll need more money to live comfortably in their post-work years. And yet, savings rates in the U.S. have gone down in recent decades, not up.

总体上,人们寿命越来越长。按理说他们退休后过得体面就需要更多钱。然而美国近几十年储蓄率不升反降。

【改写】
  • Savings rates in America have dropped in recent decadessavings rates in the U.S. have gone down in recent decades, not up

    同义替换:drop=go down;America=the U.S.

  • people's life expectancy has increasedpeople are living longer

    名词化改写:人活得更长=人均寿命增加

41.
Researchers found that enjoyment rather than importance enabled people to persist in their goals.

研究人员发现,使人们能够坚持实现目标的是享受而非重要性。

【答案】
K段(强锚点)
【锚点】

享受度而非重要性使人坚持

【定位】
K 段

We found that enjoyment predicted people's goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be.

我们发现,享受度比受访者对目标重要性的评分,远远更能预测两个月后是否仍在坚持目标。

【改写】
  • enjoyment rather than importanceenjoyment predicted people's goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be

    对照同义:rather than = far more than

  • enabled people to persist in their goalspredicted people's goal persistence

    动词化改写:促使人坚持=预测坚持度

【辨邻】
  • M

    enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits 的对照项是“长期好处”,与陈述句中“重要性”不是同一对照,因此不是源头段。

    enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits

  • L

    people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits 谈的是“好吃 vs 长期健康”,没有“重要性”的对照。

    people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits

42.
When making decisions, we give priority to our current frame of mind without thinking much of the consequences.

在做决策时,我们优先考虑当前的心境而不太多地考虑后果。

【答案】
E段(弱锚点)
【锚点】

重当下心情、不顾后果

【定位】
E 段

We believe that we will be different tomorrow; but in doing so, we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self.

我们相信明天的自己会不一样,但这样一来,我们就把当下的心情置于不作为对未来自我所带来的后果之上。

【改写】
  • we give priority to our current frame of mindwe prioritize our current mood

    同义替换:give priority to=prioritize;frame of mind=mood

  • without thinking much of the consequencesover the consequences of our inaction for the future self

    同义结构:prioritize A over B = give priority to A without thinking of B

【辨邻】
  • I

    Our brains are hard-wired for instant gratification 把对即时回报的偏好归为生物天性,超出陈述句“当下心情 over 后果”的描述范围。

    Our brains are hard-wired for instant gratification

43.
People ate more of a healthy food when they focused on its good taste instead of its long-term benefits.

当人们关注健康食品的美味而非其长期益处时,他们会吃得更多。

【答案】
L段(强锚点)
【锚点】

关注好吃多吃健康食物

【定位】
L 段

For example, people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits.

举例来说,当人们被引导关注食物本身好吃,而不是长期的健康好处时,他们多吃了 50% 的健康食物。

【改写】
  • ate more of a healthy foodate 50% more of a healthy food

    上位概括:去掉具体数字保留方向

  • focused on its good taste instead of its long-term benefitsdirected to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits

    同义改写:instead of = rather than

【辨邻】
  • M

    enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits 是抽象论断,没提具体的“健康食物”或“50%”,不是源头段。

    enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits

44.
As was expected, when people thought of their present selves, their brains were observed to become more active.

正如预期的那样,当人们想到他们现在的自己时,观察到他们的大脑变得更加活跃。

【答案】
B段(强锚点)
【锚点】

想当下自我→大脑更活跃

【定位】
B 段

Unsurprisingly, people's brains were most active when thinking about their current selves and least active when thinking about a current other.

不出所料,人们的大脑在思考当下自我时最活跃,在思考当下他人时最不活跃。

【改写】
  • As was expectedUnsurprisingly

    同义副词:如所料=不出所料

  • when people thought of their present selveswhen thinking about their current selves

    同义短语:present selves = current selves

  • their brains were observed to become more activepeople's brains were most active

    比较级—最高级方向同

【辨邻】
  • C

    saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely 是把脑成像结果转译成日常比喻,没有具体描述“大脑更活跃”这一实验观察。

    saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely

45.
Researchers found that participants who saw the images of their aged selves would save more for their later years than those who didn't.

研究人员发现,看到自己年老形象的参与者比那些没看到的参与者会为晚年储蓄更多。

【答案】
G段(强锚点)
【锚点】

看到衰老自我者愿多存养老金

【定位】
G 段

Participants who saw their aged selves said they would save 30% more of their salary for retirement than the control group.

看到自己衰老形象的被试表示,他们愿意比对照组多存 30% 的工资作养老金。

【改写】
  • participants who saw the images of their aged selvesParticipants who saw their aged selves

    原样复现

  • save more for their later yearssave 30% more of their salary for retirement

    同义替换+数字弱化:later years=retirement

【辨邻】
  • B

    scanned the brains of study participants 是用脑成像比较当下/未来自我的实验,没有“用 VR 看衰老自我”的设定,与陈述句锚点不符。

    scanned the brains of study participants

PARAGRAPH MAP · 段落主旨图

13 个段落各讲了什么

逐段一句主旨 + 该段最具区分度的「信息指纹」,是逐句回扫定位的工作台。

  1. A

    引入心理学家 Hershfield 想弄清为什么大家不为退休存钱:人均寿命越来越长,按理需要更多养老金,但美国近几十年储蓄率反而在下降。

    信息指纹 美国储蓄率反降

  2. B

    Hershfield 团队做脑成像实验,让被试评价当下自我/未来自我/当下他人/未来他人的特征,发现思考当下自我时大脑最活跃,而思考未来自我时的脑活动更接近思考一个当下他人。

    信息指纹 脑扫描实验对比四种自我

  3. C

    把 B 段结论翻译成大白话:当你想未来的自己时,大脑的反应跟想 Taylor Swift 或邮差差不多,因此为退休存钱相当于把钱送给别人。

    信息指纹 存退休金等于给别人钱

  4. D

    由 Hershfield 的研究引出一个简单问题:能否让现在的自我开始在乎未来的自我?答案绝不简单——属于过渡段。

    信息指纹 提问过渡段

  5. E

    从当下自我 vs 未来自我的视角解释拖延:我们享受眼前好处而让未来的自己去承担后果,决策时优先满足当下心情,不顾未来代价。

    信息指纹 重当下心情、轻未来后果

  6. F

    提出三类解决方案中的前两类:第一类是逼未来的自己去做现在不想做的事;第二类是说服现在的自己——未来的自己其实还是你,与未来自我更亲近就能做出更好的长期决策。

    信息指纹 前两类对策:逼未来 / 认同未来

  7. G

    后续实验:用图像处理把被试照片变老,让他们在 VR 里看到衰老后的自己,结果这组被试表示愿多存 30% 工资作养老。

    信息指纹 VR 看见衰老自我多存 30%

  8. H

    给读者一条小技巧:把长期目标的截止日期用天数而非月或年来想,能帮助你切身体会未来其实并不遥远。

    信息指纹 把截止日按天数想

  9. I

    第三类对策:放弃跟未来自我较劲,反过来利用当下自我对即时满足的天性——大脑天生就追求即时回报,不如把活动重新框成有即时回报的事。

    信息指纹 顺势利用即时满足

  10. J

    作者以“写这篇文章本身就让人当天就有完成的爽感”作为引子,引出 Woolley 与 Fishbach 两位研究者,她们专门研究为什么有的目标能完成、有的半途而废。

    信息指纹 引出 Woolley 与 Fishbach

  11. K

    Woolley 转述其线上调查:年初定下长期目标的人,两个月后是否仍在坚持,由“追求过程的享受度”远比“目标的重要程度”预测得更准。

    信息指纹 享受度比重要性更能预测坚持

  12. L

    上述规律在多种目标里都成立:被引导关注“好吃”的人比关注“长期健康好处”的人多吃了 50% 健康食物;运动场景里也有类似结果。

    信息指纹 关注好吃多吃 50%

  13. M

    总结:要达成目标,享受过程本身比想着长期好处更重要——即“当下自我战胜未来自我”;日常执行时要让现在的自己也得点甜头。

    信息指纹 享受过程 > 长远好处

SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

24 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

HIGH-FREQUENCY · 真题高频词

本篇出现的 84 个英语四级真题高频词

下列单词既在本篇真题中出现,又是 英语四级 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。

  • selfB1n. 自我
    本篇34 次 · 真题 28 句
  • currentB1adj. 现在的
    本篇8 次 · 真题 64 句
  • participantB2n. 参与者
    本篇7 次 · 真题 117 句
  • benefitB1n. 好处
    本篇6 次 · 真题 169 句
  • focusB1n. 重点
    本篇4 次 · 真题 107 句
  • savingB1n. 节省
    本篇4 次 · 真题 31 句
  • retirementB2n. 退休
    本篇4 次 · 真题 30 句
  • immediateB2adj. 立即的,即刻的
    本篇4 次 · 真题 16 句
  • decadeB1n. 十年
    本篇3 次 · 真题 99 句
  • rateA2n. 速度
    本篇3 次 · 真题 78 句
  • consequenceB2n. 结果
    本篇3 次 · 真题 38 句
  • instantB1n. 瞬间,刹那
    本篇3 次 · 真题 12 句
  • agedB1adj. 年老的;上了年纪的
    本篇3 次 · 真题 8 句
  • researcherB2n. 研究人员
    本篇2 次 · 真题 239 句
  • careerB1n. 职业
    本篇2 次 · 真题 119 句
  • processB1n. 过程
    本篇2 次 · 真题 108 句
  • leastA2det. 最少的
    本篇2 次 · 真题 84 句
  • effectiveB1adj. 有效的,起作用的
    本篇2 次 · 真题 63 句
  • rewardB1n. 报酬
    本篇2 次 · 真题 56 句
  • imageA2n. 形象,印象
    本篇2 次 · 真题 52 句
  • solutionB1n. 解决办法
    本篇2 次 · 真题 38 句
  • closelyB1adv. 紧密地
    本篇2 次 · 真题 21 句
  • registerB1v. 登记,注册
    本篇2 次 · 真题 16 句
  • practicalB1adj. 实际的
    本篇2 次 · 真题 10 句
  • actuallyA2adv. 实际上,事实上(用于纠正或补充信息)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 148 句
  • onlineA2adj. 在线的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 145 句
  • findingB2n. 调查结果
    本篇1 次 · 真题 99 句
  • behaviorB1n. 行为
    本篇1 次 · 真题 92 句
  • individualB2adj. 单独的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 79 句
  • gainB1v. 获得;赢得
    本篇1 次 · 真题 64 句
  • sufferB1v. 遭受(痛苦、疾病、损失等)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 64 句
  • applyA2v. 申请
    本篇1 次 · 真题 58 句
  • enableB1v. 使能够
    本篇1 次 · 真题 58 句
  • identifyB1v. 识别
    本篇1 次 · 真题 54 句
  • struggleB1v. 奋斗
    本篇1 次 · 真题 54 句
  • desireB2n. 愿望
    本篇1 次 · 真题 52 句
  • variousB1adj. 各种各样的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 52 句
  • determineB2v. 决定
    本篇1 次 · 真题 51 句
  • varietyB1n. 多样化
    本篇1 次 · 真题 47 句
  • partnerB1n. 伴侣
    本篇1 次 · 真题 44 句
  • managementB1n. 管理
    本篇1 次 · 真题 41 句
  • exploreB1v. 探索
    本篇1 次 · 真题 40 句
  • importanceB1n. 重要性
    本篇1 次 · 真题 40 句
  • launchB1v. 推出
    本篇1 次 · 真题 39 句
  • realityB1n. 现实
    本篇1 次 · 真题 38 句
  • patternB1n. 模式
    本篇1 次 · 真题 37 句
  • achievementB1n. 成就
    本篇1 次 · 真题 33 句
  • instanceB2n. 例子
    本篇1 次 · 真题 33 句
  • meansA2n. 方法
    本篇1 次 · 真题 30 句
  • psychologistB2n. 心理学家
    本篇1 次 · 真题 30 句
  • opinionA2n. 观点
    本篇1 次 · 真题 29 句
  • visionB2n. 视力
    本篇1 次 · 真题 28 句
  • beginningA1n. 开始
    本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句
  • centralB1adj. 主要的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句
  • priorityB2n. 优先事项
    本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句
  • entirelyB1adv. 完全地
    本篇1 次 · 真题 22 句
  • retireB1v. 退休
    本篇1 次 · 真题 22 句
  • traitB2n. 特征
    本篇1 次 · 真题 22 句
  • observeB2v. 观察;注意到
    本篇1 次 · 真题 21 句
  • salaryB1n. 薪水,工资(通常指按月发放的固定报酬)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 21 句
  • ambitiousB2adj. 有雄心的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句
  • inspireB2v. 激励
    本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句
  • amazingA2adj. 令人惊奇的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 19 句
  • actualB1adj. 真实的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 18 句
  • promotionB2n. 晋升,升职
    本篇1 次 · 真题 18 句
  • settingB1n. 环境
    本篇1 次 · 真题 18 句
  • moodA2n. 心情
    本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句
  • pursueB2v. 追求
    本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句
  • comfortB1n. 舒适
    本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句
  • debtB1n. 欠款
    本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句
  • enjoyableB1adj. 令人愉快的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句
  • prioritizeB2v. 优先处理
    本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句
  • suddenlyA2adv. 突然地
    本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句
  • concreteB2n. 混凝土
    本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句
  • seeminglyB2adv. 看似,似乎(表面上看起来是这样,但实际可能并非如此)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句
  • virtualB2adj. 虚拟的(计算机生成的)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句
  • ariseB2v. 出现;产生;发生
    本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句
  • convinceB1v. 说服,使相信
    本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句
  • expectancyC1n. 预期寿命
    本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句
  • resembleB1v. 像
    本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句
  • advancementB2n. 进步
    本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句
  • frameB1n. 框架
    本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句
  • improvedA2adj. 改进的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句
  • processingB1n. 加工;处理
    本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句
VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布

全文 313 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖

全文去重后共 313 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 10 个 · 约 3%。

每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为全文去重词 313 个 · 末柱为 100%
去重总词数
313
B2 以上难词
3%
B1 及以下覆盖
87%
FAQ · 关于本篇的常见问题

常见问题

围绕本篇的答案段、来源、锚点构成、词汇难度与逐句定位,逐条给出可核对的答案。

2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇(36–45 句)的信息分别出自哪一段?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 是长篇阅读信息匹配题,共 10 句陈述(题号 36–45),需为每句找出信息所在的段落。各句答案段依次为 36 → I · 37 → C · 38 → M · 39 → F · 40 → A · 41 → K · 42 → E · 43 → L · 44 → B · 45 → G。答案段分布:A 段 1 句 · B 段 1 句 · C 段 1 句 · E 段 1 句 · F 段 1 句 · G 段 1 句 · I 段 1 句 · K 段 1 句 · L 段 1 句 · M 段 1 句。一段可对应多句、文中另有纯干扰段,单篇样本量小,分布不代表答题规律。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的文章选自哪里?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的阅读原文选自 Todoist 官方博客(Doist 旗下 Inspiration 栏目)上的一篇由 Becky Kane 撰写、标题为“Present Bias: Why You Don't Give a Damn About Your Future Self”(《现时偏差:为什么你毫不在乎未来的自己》)的文章(页面未标注发布日期)。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的 10 句里强锚点、弱锚点各有几句?
按锚点强弱分诊,2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 共 强 8 句 · 弱 2 句。强锚点句含唯一的数字、专有名词或独特术语,可凭指纹近乎直达对应段;弱锚点句只有满篇可见的高频泛词,需先压出主干命题、再靠语义比对与「辨邻」排除话题相邻段才能定位。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的词汇难度如何?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文去重后共 313 个单词,按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖:A1 及以下约 46%、A2 及以下约 65%、B1 及以下约 87%、B2 及以下约 97%,B2 以上(C1/C2)难词共 10 个、约占 3%。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 出现了哪些英语四级高频词?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文出现 84 个英语四级真题高频词(这些词在历年英语四级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句)。按本篇出现次数排在前的有:self(本篇 34 次,n. 自我;自身; 同色;单色 | pron. 自己;本人 | adj. 自身的;本身的 | v. 自花传粉)、current(本篇 8 次,adj. 现在的;当前的; 通用的;流通的 | n. 水流;气流;洋流; 趋势;潮流;倾向)、participant(本篇 7 次,n. 参与者;参加者)、benefit(本篇 6 次,n. 好处;益处; 福利;救济金; 慈善活动;义演 | v. 使受益;得益于)、focus(本篇 4 次,n. 重点;焦点;关注的中心; 焦点;焦距(光学); 病灶(医学); 震源(地震学) | v. 集中注意力;聚焦于; 调焦;使聚焦)、saving(本篇 4 次,n. 节省;节约; 储蓄;存款(复数) | adj. 节约的;节省的 | v. 节省;储蓄(save的现在分词))、retirement(本篇 4 次,n. 退休; 退休生活;退休期; 隐退;退出公众视野; 退役(体育运动员))、immediate(本篇 4 次,adj. 立即的,即刻的; 直接的,最接近的; 当前的,眼前的)。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 36. Our brains are genetically determined to satisfy immediate desires. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 36 句的信息出自 I 段(强锚点句)。I 段定位句为「Our brains are hard-wired for instant gratification.」(我们的大脑天生就被设定为追求即时满足。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Our brains are genetically determined ↔ Our brains are hard-wired;satisfy immediate desires ↔ instant gratification)。与之话题相邻的 E 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 37. Taken in a practical way, saving for post-work years is like giving money away to others. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 37 句的信息出自 C 段(强锚点句)。C 段定位句为「Understood in that way, saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely.」(这样一想,为退休存钱就等同于把钱完全送给另一个人。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(saving for post-work years ↔ saving for retirement;is like giving money away to others ↔ is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely)。与之话题相邻的 B 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 38. Research found that, as regards achievement of one's goals, it is important to focus more on enjoying the process than the long-term benefits. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 38 句的信息出自 M 段(弱锚点句)。M 段定位句为「These findings suggest that when it comes to achieving your goals, enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits.」(这些发现表明,谈到达成目标时,享受过程本身比追求长期好处更重要。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(focus more on enjoying the process than the long-term benefits ↔ enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits;as regards achievement of one's goals ↔ when it comes to achieving your goals)。与之话题相邻的 K 段、L 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 39. Regarding our future selves as still being ourselves will help us make better long-term decisions. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 39 句的信息出自 F 段(强锚点句)。F 段定位句为「If the central problem is that we think of our future selves as other people, it follows that trying to identify more closely with our future selves will encourage us to make better long-term decisions.」(如果核心问题在于我们把未来的自己当成另一个人,那么试着与未来的自己更亲近,自然就会鼓励我们做出更好的长期决策。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Regarding our future selves as still being ourselves ↔ trying to identify more closely with our future selves;better long-term decisions ↔ better long-term decisions)。与之话题相邻的 G 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 40. Savings rates in America have dropped in recent decades even though people's life expectancy has increased. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 40 句的信息出自 A 段(强锚点句)。A 段定位句为「Across the board, people are living longer. Logically, they'll need more money to live comfortably in their post-work years. And yet, savings rates in the U.S. have gone down in recent decades, not up.」(总体上,人们寿命越来越长。按理说他们退休后过得体面就需要更多钱。然而美国近几十年储蓄率不升反降。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Savings rates in America have dropped in recent decades ↔ savings rates in the U.S. have gone down in recent decades, not up;people's life expectancy has increased ↔ people are living longer)。该句锚点唯一、直达对应段,文中无易混的相邻段。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 41. Researchers found that enjoyment rather than importance enabled people to persist in their goals. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 41 句的信息出自 K 段(强锚点句)。K 段定位句为「We found that enjoyment predicted people's goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be.」(我们发现,享受度比受访者对目标重要性的评分,远远更能预测两个月后是否仍在坚持目标。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(enjoyment rather than importance ↔ enjoyment predicted people's goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be;enabled people to persist in their goals ↔ predicted people's goal persistence)。与之话题相邻的 M 段、L 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 42. When making decisions, we give priority to our current frame of mind without thinking much of the consequences. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 42 句的信息出自 E 段(弱锚点句)。E 段定位句为「We believe that we will be different tomorrow; but in doing so, we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self.」(我们相信明天的自己会不一样,但这样一来,我们就把当下的心情置于不作为对未来自我所带来的后果之上。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(we give priority to our current frame of mind ↔ we prioritize our current mood;without thinking much of the consequences ↔ over the consequences of our inaction for the future self)。与之话题相邻的 I 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 43. People ate more of a healthy food when they focused on its good taste instead of its long-term benefits. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 43 句的信息出自 L 段(强锚点句)。L 段定位句为「For example, people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits.」(举例来说,当人们被引导关注食物本身好吃,而不是长期的健康好处时,他们多吃了 50% 的健康食物。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(ate more of a healthy food ↔ ate 50% more of a healthy food;focused on its good taste instead of its long-term benefits ↔ directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits)。与之话题相邻的 M 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 44. As was expected, when people thought of their present selves, their brains were observed to become more active. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 44 句的信息出自 B 段(强锚点句)。B 段定位句为「Unsurprisingly, people's brains were most active when thinking about their current selves and least active when thinking about a current other.」(不出所料,人们的大脑在思考当下自我时最活跃,在思考当下他人时最不活跃。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(As was expected ↔ Unsurprisingly;when people thought of their present selves ↔ when thinking about their current selves;their brains were observed to become more active ↔ people's brains were most active)。与之话题相邻的 C 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 45. Researchers found that participants who saw the images of their aged selves would save more for their later years than those who didn't. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 45 句的信息出自 G 段(强锚点句)。G 段定位句为「Participants who saw their aged selves said they would save 30% more of their salary for retirement than the control group.」(看到自己衰老形象的被试表示,他们愿意比对照组多存 30% 的工资作养老金。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(participants who saw the images of their aged selves ↔ Participants who saw their aged selves;save more for their later years ↔ save 30% more of their salary for retirement)。与之话题相邻的 B 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。

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