2024年12月·第3套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What do we learn from research in human-vehicle interaction? 直接问研究告诉了我们什么，答案必然是原文一句陈述的客观转述，不需要跨段推理。

结构平铺直叙：主句是 What do we learn from research in human-vehicle interaction，from 引导的介宾短语限定信息来源，无从句、无否定、无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • systems designed to automate driving↔Automatic driving systems
  • far from being error-proof↔by no means immune to errors

  预判要的是系统并非无差错，A 项 Automatic driving systems are by no means immune to errors 是对 systems designed to automate driving are far from being error-proof 的逐部分同义替换，无添加无减少，锁定 A。

• B)偷换概念

  Driverless vehicles are likely to be misused by some people 谈的是车被滥用，而题干问的是研究发现，定位句结论是系统易出错，两者不在同一语义层；滥用确实在 system misuse 中提到但只是后续展开，并非首句的研究结论。

• C)无中生有

  Self-driving car manufacturers are not aware of the legal matters involved 称厂商对法律毫无意识，而原文 A recent study tackles the issue…from a legal viewpoint 只是说有研究从法律角度切入，从未说厂商不知情。

• D)偷换概念

  There is a long way to go before humans can interact with driverless vehicles 把研究结论说成人车交互本身遥不可及，而原文人车交互只是研究领域名，研究真正的发现是系统易错，与是否能交互无关。

What is the problem with requiring buyers to sign end-user license agreements? 询问一个具体做法的问题所在，属于对原文局部反面描述的提取。

结构清晰：What is the problem with… 主句问的是 problem，with 后跟动名词短语 requiring buyers to sign end-user license agreements 作 problem 的定语，整体无难点。

• A)无中生有

  End users, young and old alike, find the terms complex to interpret 说所有人都觉得条款难以解读，但原文只说大家压根不读，从未说他们读了之后觉得难懂。

• B)✓ 正确
  • most end users don't read EULAs↔Most end users sign them without bothering to read the terms
  • 91 percent of people agree to them without reading↔Most end users

  预判要的是签前不读，B 项 Most end users sign them without bothering to read the terms 正是这一行为的标准表述，与原文双句合并对应，锁定 B。

• C)偷换概念

  Many people are often confused by the wording of the terms 说人们被措辞搞晕，但原文 leading to confusion about the nature of the requests for agreement and their implications 说的是对协议性质与含义的困惑，且这是协议信息不足的后果，不是本题题干问的 EULA 整体的根本问题。

• D)与原文相反

  Most end users do not understand the terms after reading them through 隐含的前提是用户把条款读完了，只是不懂；而原文 most end users don't read EULAs 的事实是用户根本没读，两者前提相反。

What would drivers do when they suffer from "warning fatigue"? 问的是在某情境下司机会做出何种动作，属于对原文具体情境的事实提取。

主句 What would drivers do 是常规疑问句，when 引导的时间状语从句 when they suffer from "warning fatigue" 限定情境，suffer from 意为遭受、深受其扰，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  Waste no time keeping the car moving 是 抓紧时间让车继续走，与原文 ignore the message 描述的不作为完全不是一回事。

• B)偷换概念

  Rest a while to avoid fatigue driving 在谈疲劳驾驶要休息，但原文 "Warning fatigue" 指对警告厌烦，并非生理疲劳。

• C)✓ 正确
  • could decide to just ignore the message↔Take no action despite repeated warnings

  预判要的是无视警告这一行为，C 项 Take no action despite repeated warnings 把无视＝不作为、反复警告＝重复警告两端都精准对位，锁定 C。

• D)与原文相反

  Take note of the message though fatigued 是 虽然疲惫但仍留意警告，与原文 just ignore the message 完全相反。

What does the author think of continuing to ask buyers to sign end-user license agreements? 虽问作者看法，但锁定于 EULAs 这一局部做法，仍以一句明确表态句为答案依据，属细节题。

What does the author think of continuing to ask buyers to sign end-user license agreements? 中 think of 后接动名词 continuing，continuing 再接动词不定式 to ask buyers to sign…，是动名词+不定式连用的链式结构，意为对继续要求买家签 EULA 这件事，作者怎么看。

• A)张冠李戴

  It will probably not guarantee the safety of drivers in case of accidents 谈的是事故中司机的安全保障，但原文 protect automakers from their legal liability 谈的是保护厂商免于法律责任，对象与内容都错位。

• B)偷换概念

  It likely won't ensure that the automatic driving system functions properly 谈的是系统能否正常运行，但原文谈的是法律层面对厂商的保护，二者根本不是一回事。

• C)偷换概念

  It likely won't fully protect automakers against accusations of deliberate cheating 谈的是免于被指故意欺诈，但原文 legal liability 仅指法律责任，未涉及 deliberate cheating 故意欺诈这一更窄、更带主观恶意的范畴。

• D)✓ 正确
  • it likely won't fully protect automakers from their legal liability↔It will probably not provide manufacturers adequate protection from legal responsibilities
  • automakers↔manufacturers

  预判要的是不能充分保护厂商的法律责任，D 项 It will probably not provide manufacturers adequate protection from legal responsibilities 与定位句逐字对位，锁定 D。

What should be done to help drivers fully understand system capabilities and limitations? 直接问该做什么以达成目的，属于对原文解决方案句的提取。

主句 What should be done 是被动疑问句，to help 引导的不定式作目的状语，help drivers 后接动词原形 fully understand…，整句意思是：为帮司机充分理解系统能力与局限，应该做什么。

• A)过度推断

  Training them to be experts in vehicle automation 把目标拔到成为车辆自动化领域专家的高度，而原文只要求 fully understand system capabilities and limitations，是理解层级而非专家层级。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Driver training for self-driving vehicles can help ensure that drivers fully understand system capabilities and limitations↔Familiarizing them with the systems through training
  • fully understand system capabilities and limitations↔Familiarizing them with the systems

  预判要的是通过培训让司机熟悉系统，B 项 Familiarizing them with the systems through training 与定位句双层等值，锁定 B。

• C)无中生有

  Broadening their knowledge of accident-prevention mechanisms 谈的是扩大防事故机制的知识面，但原文谈的是理解系统的能力与局限，accident-prevention mechanisms 在文中并未出现。

• D)与原文相反

  Facilitating their access to the information provided by the seller 主张方便司机获取卖家信息，但原文 even relying on the information provided by the seller is not going to answer many questions 明确指出哪怕依赖卖家信息也无法解答许多问题，二者方向相反。