2024年12月·第2套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析
本页是 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力 的真题原文与答案解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面层级（3 个 Section：短篇新闻 3 · 长对话 2 · 听力篇章 3），按录音篇目 逐篇排印：8 篇录音各自先给 共 1727 词的完整录音文字稿（逐段中译） ，再逐题接上该题的题目与解析 ——题干与选项中译、正确答案、答案句录音原文与中译、答案信号、同义替换对照与错项原词陷阱归因，全卷共 25 道四选一的题，答案字母分布 A 6 · B 7 · C 6 · D 6。
本套原声音频可直接在本页在线收听（页面底部播放条：0.75–1.5 倍速、前后 10 秒、按录音篇目跳听；各篇题行另有「播放本篇」按钮）。同题型其余套的音频见 英语四级听力真题总页。
听力题和解析
本卷全部 25 题的标准答案与完整录音文字稿由懒笔记基于2024年12月·第2套 英语四级听力原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面层级：Part/Section 标题与各节 Directions 照原卷排印——真实听力考卷只印选项，题干由录音念出。其下按录音篇目逐篇排印：每篇先给完整录音文字稿（逐段中译），再逐题给出卷面题目与该题解析（题目、翻译、答案、定位、信号、替换与排除）。
以下按录音篇目排印：每篇先给录音原文与逐段中译（考卷上没有，考试时录音只播一遍、卷面只印选项），再逐题给出卷面题目与解析。
U.S. families are looking to the winter with fear as energy costs soar. A number of factors are creating a bad situation: Global energy consumption is up, but supplies have been reduced. The Energy Department projects heating bills will jump 28% this winter for those who rely on natural gas. Natural gas is used by nearly half of U.S. households for heat. Heating oil is projected to be 27% higher and electricity 10% higher. That comes against inflation rates that accelerated last month with consumer prices growing 6.6%. That's the fastest pace in four decades.
随着能源成本飙升,美国家庭正怀着恐惧展望这个冬天。多种因素正在造成糟糕的局面:全球能源消费增加,但供应却减少了。能源部预测,依赖天然气供暖的家庭今年冬天的取暖费用将跃升28%。近一半的美国家庭使用天然气供暖。取暖用油预计将上涨27%,电费将上涨10%。这是在通胀率加速的背景下发生的,上个月消费者价格上涨了6.6%。这是四十年来最快的增速。
The pain will be especially acute in parts of the country that heavily rely on heating oil to keep homes warm. It's projected to cost more than $2,300 to heat a typical home with heating oil this winter. Last month, the federal government added $1 billion in funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, bringing the total to $4.8 billion. But that represents a reduction from last year's energy assistance package of over $8 billion.
在严重依赖取暖用油保持家庭温暖的地区,这种痛苦将尤为剧烈。预计今年冬天用取暖用油为一个典型家庭供暖将花费超过2300美元。上个月,联邦政府向低收入家庭能源援助计划增加了10亿美元资金,使总额达到48亿美元。但这比去年超过80亿美元的能源援助计划有所减少。
Why are families across the U.S. looking to this winter with fear?
为什么全美各地的家庭对今冬感到恐惧?
- A) 他们购买天然气的价格将上涨27%。
- B) 他们将没有足够的取暖用油来保暖。
- C) 他们将支付高昂的账单来为家里供暖。
- D) 他们将经历四十年来最冷的冬天。
U.S. families are looking to the winter with fear as energy costs soar. The Energy Department projects heating bills will jump 28% this winter for those who rely on natural gas.
随着能源成本飙升，美国家庭对这个冬天满怀恐惧。能源部预计，对那些依赖天然气的家庭来说，今冬取暖账单将上涨 28%。
as 引出发愁的直接原因。原文 looking to the winter with fear as energy costs soar 中的 as 直接把‘发愁’与‘能源成本飙升’扣在一起，as 后面就是答案信号——发愁的原因是费用涨，后文 heating bills will jump 28% 进一步坐实是‘取暖账单暴涨’。
- heating bills will jump 28%a costly bill to pay to heat their homes‘账单涨28%’概括为‘贵账单’
- energy costs soarcostlysoar 对应 costly
- A)原词陷阱原文确实念了 27%，但 Heating oil is projected to be 27% higher 说的是‘取暖用油’涨 27%；选项 a 27% higher price to buy natural gas 把 27% 安到了天然气头上（天然气其实是涨 28%），数字盗用且对错对象。
借用原文：Heating oil is projected to be 27% higher
- B)过度推断原文有 supplies have been reduced（供应减少）和大量 heating oil 字样，选项 insufficient heating oil to keep warm 借这些词造出‘油不够保暖’的说法，但原文讲的是‘费用贵’，从未说会‘缺油到取不了暖’。
借用原文：supplies have been reduced
- D)原词陷阱原文 four decades 出现在 consumer prices growing 6.6%. That's the fastest pace in four decades，说的是‘物价涨速四十年最快’；选项 the coldest winter in four decades 却把 four decades 挪去形容‘四十年最冷的冬天’，原文根本没谈天气冷暖。
借用原文：That's the fastest pace in four decades
What did the federal government do last month?
联邦政府上个月做了什么?
- A) 为低收入家庭能源援助计划提供了额外资金。
- B) 向美国公民保证今年年底前能源供应将增加。
- C) 预测今冬大多数美国家庭的取暖费用将上涨10%。
- D) 决定今年总额为80亿美元的能源援助方案。
Last month, the federal government added $1 billion in funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, bringing the total to $4.8 billion.
上个月，联邦政府向‘低收入家庭能源援助项目’追加了 10 亿美元资金，使总额达到 48 亿美元。
Last month 与题干同词定位。原文 Last month, the federal government added \$1 billion in funding 开头的 Last month 与题干 last month 完全对上，紧跟的动词 added 就是答案信号——政府上月‘追加了拨款’。
- added \$1 billion in funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance ProgramProvided additional funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance Programadded funding=provided additional funding
- B)与原文相反原文出现过 supplies have been reduced（供应减少），选项 Assured U.S. citizens of an increase in energy supplies 反过来说政府‘保证能源供应会增加’，方向相反，原文也无任何‘保证’动作。
借用原文：supplies have been reduced
- C)原词陷阱原文 10% 出自 electricity 10% higher（电费涨 10%），且作预测的是能源部不是政府这一动作主体；选项 Predicted a 10% jump in heating bills 把电费的 10% 改成‘取暖账单’、又把‘预测’这一动作安给了政府上月的作为，数字与主体双错。
借用原文：electricity 10% higher
- D)原词陷阱原文 a reduction from last year's energy assistance package of over \$8 billion 明说 80 亿是‘去年’援助方案、且今年比它‘减少’了；选项 Decided on this year's energy assistance package of \$8 billion in total 把去年的 80 亿说成‘今年合计敲定 80 亿’，年份与金额张冠李戴。
借用原文：last year's energy assistance package of over \$8 billion
Many Americans think they make healthy food choices, but they may be viewing their diet too optimistically. That's the main finding of a new study by researchers at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Stoneville, Mississippi.
许多美国人认为自己做出了健康的食物选择，但他们可能对自己的饮食过于乐观了。这是美国农业部位于密西西比州Stoneville的研究人员一项新研究的主要发现。
The study aimed to identify disconnects between how healthily Americans think they eat and how they actually do. For the study, the researchers asked participants to rate their diet as excellent, very good, good, fair or poor. Folks also completed 24-hour food questionnaires. Then, the researchers compared answers to see how well responses to the two exercises matched up.
该研究旨在找出美国人认为自己吃得有多健康与实际情况之间的差距。在研究中，研究人员要求参与者将自己的饮食评为优秀、非常好、好、一般或差。参与者还完成了24小时食物问卷。然后，研究人员比较了答案，看两项调查的回答匹配程度如何。
Of more than 9,700 people, roughly 85 percent were off base when asked to rate the quality of their diet, and almost all overestimated how healthy it was. Those who rated their diet as poor tended to be far more accurate. Their rating matched that of the researchers more than nine times out of ten.
在9700多人中，大约85%的人在被要求评价自己的饮食质量时偏离了实际情况，而且几乎所有人都高估了饮食的健康程度。那些将自己的饮食评为差的人往往准确得多。他们的评价在十次中有九次以上与研究人员的评价相符。
What is the main finding of a new study about many Americans?
一项关于许多美国人的新研究的主要发现是什么?
- A) 他们现在对饮食的关注程度不如以前。
- B) 他们可能缺乏关于健康食品的充分知识。
- C) 他们可能对自己的饮食持过于乐观的看法。
- D) 他们对食物选择的关注不足。
Many Americans think they make healthy food choices, but they may be viewing their diet too optimistically. That's the main finding of a new study by researchers at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Stoneville, Mississippi.
很多美国人以为自己在做健康的食物选择，但他们对自己饮食的看法可能太乐观了。这正是美国农业部研究人员一项新研究的主要发现。
转折but+点题句That's the main finding。答案藏在转折之后：but they may be viewing their diet too optimistically 才是真意，紧接着一句 That's the main finding of a new study 直接盖章这就是"主要发现"，双重信号（but转折 + 点题句）锁定它是答案句。
- viewing their diet too optimisticallyhold too optimistic a view about their diet副词转形容词的同义改写
- A)未提及care less about their diet now than before 说"现在比从前更不在乎饮食"，录音通篇没有"今昔对比"，更没说他们"不在乎"——恰恰相反，他们"以为"自己吃得健康。属凭空捏造的对比。
- B)偷换概念lack adequate knowledge of healthy food 把问题归为"缺乏健康饮食知识"，但录音说的是他们"看得太乐观"（认知偏差），不是"不懂"。盗用了 healthy food 这一原词，却把病因悄悄换掉。
借用原文：Many Americans think they make healthy food choices
- D)原词陷阱pay insufficient attention to their choice of food 说他们"对选食不够上心"，但录音里他们其实很在意、还自认 make healthy food choices，问题是"高估"而非"不上心"。盗用 choices 一词来制造"听到 food choices 就想选"的诱惑。
借用原文：make healthy food choices
Who tended to rate their diet more accurately in the survey?
在调查中,谁倾向于更准确地评价自己的饮食?
- A) 那些完成了24小时食物问卷的人。
- B) 那些完全理解评分量表的人。
- C) 那些关心食品质量的人。
- D) 那些将自己的饮食评为较差的人。
Those who rated their diet as poor tended to be far more accurate. Their rating matched that of the researchers more than nine times out of ten.
那些把自己饮食评为"差"的人，往往要准确得多。他们的评分有十之九以上与研究人员的评定相符。
题干词more accurate原句复现做信号。题干问 more accurately，录音里 tended to be far more accurate 几乎原样出现，这处与题干高度重合的句子就是答案句；紧跟的 more than nine times out of ten 用数字坐实其"更准"。
- Those who rated their diet as poorThose who rated their diet as poor主语整句几乎原词搬运
- tended to be far more accurate4D谓语印证人群身份
- A)原词陷阱Those who finished 24-hour food questionnaires. 搬来录音 completed 24-hour food questionnaires，但那只是"所有参与者都做的一个环节"，录音从没说"填了这问卷的人评得更准"。专骗听到 24-hour 这个醒目数字就选的人。
借用原文：Folks also completed 24-hour food questionnaires
- B)未提及Those who fully understood the rating scale. 说"完全看懂评分表的人"，录音只让参与者用 excellent, very good, good, fair or poor 评级，从没区分"谁更懂评分表"，更没说这类人更准。属凭空添加。
- C)偷换概念Those who cared about food quality. 盗用录音 rate the quality of their diet 里的 quality 一词，编出"在乎食物质量的人"，但录音问的是评级准不准，与"在不在乎质量"无关，是借原词造的假分类。
借用原文：rate the quality of their diet
It was a heartwarming moment that dozens of Indian rescuers rallied together to use a crane in order to save an elephant trapped at the bottom of a 20-foot well. The massive rescue effort took place last week close to an army camp. The elephant wandered out of the jungle and fell into the well. The army officers heard a noise coming from the well and realized an elephant was trapped deep inside. The officers then threw in some food for the creature and called the local forest department for help. Video of the rescue operation shows how the team used a crane to lift up the huge animal out of the well and onto the back of a truck. It was then taken to an examining room for evaluation of any injuries. The elephant was kept under close supervision for a few days before it was successfully released back into the wild.
这是一个温馨的时刻，数十名印度救援人员齐心协力使用起重机营救一头困在20英尺深井底的大象。这次大规模救援行动上周在一个军营附近进行。这头大象从丛林中走出来后掉进了井里。军官们听到井里传来声音，发现有一头大象被困在深处。随后军官们向井里投放了一些食物，并向当地林业部门求助。救援行动的视频显示，救援队如何使用起重机将这头巨大的动物从井里吊起并放到卡车后部。随后大象被送往检查室评估是否有任何伤情。这头大象在密切监护下待了几天后被成功放归野外。
What does the report say dozens of Indians did last week?
报道称上周有数十名印度人做了什么?
- A) 他们经历了一个令人心碎的时刻。
- B) 他们聚集在一起营救一头大象。
- C) 他们听到井底传来噪音。
- D) 他们发现一头大象在井边徘徊。
It was a heartwarming moment that dozens of Indian rescuers rallied together to use a crane in order to save an elephant trapped at the bottom of a 20-foot well.
那是一个暖心的时刻：数十名印度营救人员齐心协力，动用一台起重机去解救一头被困在 20 英尺深井底部的大象。
题干原话定位开头句。题干里的 dozens of Indians 直接对应录音首句 dozens of Indian rescuers rallied together，新闻第一题答案多在开头，听到这群人"齐心协力去救大象"就锁定此句。
- dozens of Indian rescuers rallied togetherThey gathered togetherrallied=gathered 同义替换
- to save an elephantto rescue an elephantsave=rescue 同义替换
- A)与原文相反录音首句明明是 a heartwarming moment（暖心时刻），选项却写成 a heartbreaking moment（令人心碎的时刻），盗用了高度相似的 heart- 开头词把情绪极性反了过来，听到 heart 就选会中招。
借用原文：It was a heartwarming moment
- C)张冠李戴"听到井里有声音"确实在录音里 The army officers heard a noise coming from the well，但那是"军官"听到的，不是这群营救人员做的，选项把军官的动作安到了 dozens of Indians 头上。
借用原文：The army officers heard a noise coming from the well
- D)偷换概念录音说的是大象自己 wandered out of the jungle and fell into the well，是大象游荡，不是这群印度人"发现一头在井边游荡的大象"，选项盗用 wander 和 well 拼出一个原文没说的动作。
借用原文：The elephant wandered out of the jungle and fell into the well
Why did the army officers call the local forest department?
军官们为什么给当地林业部门打电话?
- A) 借用他们的起重机。
- B) 向他们寻求帮助。
- C) 报告奇怪的噪音。
- D) 为大象获取食物。
The officers then threw in some food for the creature and called the local forest department for help.
随后军官们往井里扔了些食物给这头大象，并打电话向当地林业部门求助。
for help 点出目的。答案信号是表目的的 called the local forest department for help 里的 for help——"call ... for help"直接说明打电话就是"为了求助"，这是目的题的落点。
- called the local forest department for helpTo ask them for helpfor help=ask for help 同义
- A)原词陷阱crane（起重机）确实在录音里出现过 use a crane，但那是后来营救时用的工具，录音从没说打电话是"为了借起重机"，选项盗用 crane 这个原词制造"听到了就想选"的诱惑。
借用原文：to use a crane
- C)答非所问"井里传来奇怪声音"在录音里是军官自己 heard a noise coming from the well，他们打电话是去求助、不是"去报告这个声音"，选项把"听到声音"硬说成打电话的目的。
借用原文：The army officers heard a noise coming from the well
- D)原词陷阱"给大象弄吃的"沾着录音里 threw in some food for the creature，但扔食物是军官自己做的另一件事，不是打电话的目的，选项盗用 food 这个原词来误导。
借用原文：threw in some food for the creature
What does the news report say happened finally?
新闻报道称最终发生了什么?
- A) 大象能够返回丛林。
- B) 军官们接受了伤情检查。
- C) 军官们因救援努力获得了奖励。
- D) 大象接受了多日的医疗治疗。
The elephant was kept under close supervision for a few days before it was successfully released back into the wild.
这头大象被严密看护了几天，之后才被成功放归野外。
尾句 released 收束结局。答案信号是录音最后一句的 successfully released back into the wild——"成功放归野外"是整件事的收尾结局，新闻末题答案就在此。
- released back into the wildreturn to the junglethe wild=the jungle 同义
- B)张冠李戴"检查伤情"在录音里有 for evaluation of any injuries，但被检查的是大象，不是"军官"，选项把检查对象从大象偷换成 army officers，听到 injuries 就选会错。
借用原文：taken to an examining room for evaluation of any injuries
- C)未提及录音通篇没有说军官因营救"受到奖励"，reward 是凭空添加的情节，属于原文根本没提到的内容。
- D)偷换概念录音说的是 kept under close supervision for a few days（看护了几天），选项却写成 given medical treatment for many days，把"几天看护"夸成"很多天的治疗"，且最终结局是"放归"而非"治疗"，盗用 days 偷改了时长与重点。
借用原文：kept under close supervision for a few days
M: I need to stop at the bank to withdraw some cash.
M: 我得去银行取点现金。
W: Why not just pay with your phone?
W: 为什么不直接用手机支付呢？
M: Well, actually, I've stopped using online payments for the past three months now.
M: 嗯，实际上，我已经三个月没用线上支付了。
W: Stopped paying online? Oh, you must be worried that online payments aren't secure.
W: 不用线上支付了？哦，你一定是担心线上支付不安全吧。
M: No, they are safe. But paying online is too convenient and I spent too much money on things I didn't need.
M: 不，它们是安全的。但线上支付太方便了，我在不需要的东西上花了太多钱。
W: Oh, impulse purchases can be an issue for me, too. I've definitely bought clothes and shoes I didn't need because they were on sale, and paying with my phone was so easy. But I've found that if I review my spending every night, that keeps me from spending too much.
W: 哦，冲动消费对我来说也是个问题。我确实买过不需要的衣服和鞋子，因为它们在打折，而且用手机支付太容易了。但我发现如果每晚检查一下我的开支，就能控制住不花太多钱。
M: I tried that strategy, but it just didn't work, because I'd be busy studying all day. Then, when I was tired and hungry, I'd use my phone to order food, like burgers and other junk, instead of going to the canteen, where I could get a healthier meal for half the price.
M: 我试过那个办法，但没用，因为我一整天都在忙着学习。然后，当我又累又饿的时候，我就会用手机点外卖，比如汉堡和其他垃圾食品，而不是去食堂，在那里我可以花一半的价钱吃到更健康的饭菜。
W: Well, what do you do now then? It seems like you'd have the same problems with cash.
W: 那你现在怎么办呢？感觉你用现金也会有同样的问题啊。
M: I go to the bank once a week, and the rest of the time I keep my bank card at home, so I can't get more cash out. And I also have a notebook where I record my expenses.
M: 我每周去一次银行，其余时间把银行卡放在家里，这样我就取不到更多现金了。而且我还有个笔记本记录我的开支。
W: But what prevents you from just going to the bank and getting more money, if you want to buy something?
W: 但如果你想买东西，有什么能阻止你直接去银行取更多钱呢？
M: The first month I did withdraw extra cash twice, but I felt guilty about it. And after that I refused to spend more than what I had budgeted, and by now it's just a habit.
M: 第一个月我确实又取了两次额外的现金，但我为此感到内疚。之后我就拒绝花超出预算的钱，到现在这已经成了习惯。
Why has the man stopped paying online for the last three months?
为什么这位男士在过去三个月里停止了网上支付?
- A) 他发现这给他造成了很多不便。
- B) 这导致他花费了超出必要的钱。
- C) 这比用现金支付安全性差得多。
- D) 他想减少对手机的依赖。
No, they are safe. But paying online is too convenient and I spent too much money on things I didn't need.
不，线上付款是安全的。但线上付款太方便了，我在不需要的东西上花了太多钱。
转折 But 之后才是真因。男方先用 No, they are safe. 否掉"不安全"的猜测，再用 But 引出真正理由 I spent too much money on things I didn't need——转折后那半句才是答案句。
- I spent too much money on things I didn't needIt led him to spend more money than necessary."不需要的东西上多花钱"="花了多于必要的钱"
- A)与原文相反录音说线上付款 too convenient（太方便了），选项却说 caused him much inconvenience（带来很多不便）——A 盗了 convenient 这个原词却反着说，方向正相反。
借用原文：paying online is too convenient
- C)与原文相反选项 much less secure（不太安全）盗用了"安全"这一话题，但录音明确说 they are safe——他恰恰否认了安全顾虑，C 取的是被否定的方向。
借用原文：No, they are safe
- D)未提及less dependent on his phone（少依赖手机）听着合理，但录音通篇只说花钱失控，没有一句提到"想摆脱对手机的依赖"，属凭常识硬补。
What problem does the woman say she may also have?
这位女士说她可能也有什么问题?
- A) 入不敷出。
- B) 缺乏预算策略。
- C) 时尚成瘾。
- D) 冲动购物。
Oh, impulse purchases can be an issue for me, too. I've definitely bought clothes and shoes I didn't need because they were on sale.
哦，冲动购物对我来说也是个问题。我确实买过自己并不需要的衣服和鞋子，就因为它们在打折。
for me, too 的自我承认。女方用 can be an issue for me, too（对我来说也是个问题）直接认账，too 是"我也有"的信号，紧接着的 impulse purchases 就是她自陈的毛病。
- impulse purchases can be an issue for me, tooImpulse purchasing.purchases=purchasing，几乎原义对应
- A)过度推断Living beyond her means（花超过收入）听着像"花太多"，但女方只承认冲动购物，没说自己入不敷出，是程度上的过度引申。
- B)未提及Lack of budgeting strategies（缺预算策略）原文无对应；女方反而说自己有 review my spending every night 的办法，谈不上缺策略。
- C)原词陷阱录音里她提到 bought clothes and shoes，选项 Fashion addiction（迷恋时尚成瘾）借这两个词把"偶尔冲动买"夸成"成瘾"，听到 clothes/shoes 就选会中招。
借用原文：bought clothes and shoes I didn't need
What does the man say he could do at the canteen?
这位男士说他在食堂可以做什么?
- A) 用更少的钱吃更健康的食物。
- B) 点汉堡和薯条之类的食物。
- C) 避免对垃圾食品上瘾。
- D) 用现金或手机支付。
I'd use my phone to order food, like burgers and other junk, instead of going to the canteen, where I could get a healthier meal for half the price.
我会用手机点外卖，比如汉堡之类的垃圾食品，而不是去食堂——在食堂我能用一半的价钱吃到更健康的一餐。
canteen 后的 where 从句给好处。答案就在 going to the canteen, where I could get a healthier meal for half the price——canteen 后面的 where 从句直接说出在食堂能得到什么，是答案句的落点。
- a healthier meal for half the priceEat healthier food with less money.half the price=less money，meal=food
- B)原词陷阱Order food like burgers and chips 直接盗用录音的 burgers，但那是他用手机点的外卖、是 instead of（而不是）去食堂的反面行为，根本不是"在食堂能做的"。
借用原文：order food, like burgers and other junk
- C)过度推断录音有 other junk（垃圾食品），选项 Avoid getting addicted to junk food 借 junk 编出"避免吃上瘾"，但原文只说食堂更健康便宜，没提"上瘾"或"避免上瘾"。
借用原文：burgers and other junk
- D)原词陷阱Pay either in cash or with his phone 把前文的"现金/手机付款"搬来，但题问的是"在食堂能做什么"，付款方式与此无关，是套用别处原词的干扰。
借用原文：use my phone to order food
What is now just a habit for the man?
现在对这位男士来说什么只是一种习惯?
- A) 列购物清单。
- B) 坚持他的预算。
- C) 每月只取一次现金。
- D) 买东西前三思而后行。
After that I refused to spend more than what I had budgeted, and by now it's just a habit.
在那之后我就拒绝花超过我预算的钱，到现在这已经成了一种习惯。
by now it's just a habit 收尾点题。by now it's just a habit 是收束信号，紧贴它前面的 refused to spend more than what I had budgeted 就是"成了习惯"的那件事——答案在习惯标志词紧邻的前半句。
- refused to spend more than what I had budgetedSticking to his budget."不超预算花钱"="守住预算"
- A)未提及Making a shopping list 是常见省钱招，但录音通篇没提"列清单"，是凭常识补的干扰。
- C)与原文相反Withdrawing cash only once a month 借用前文取现的场景，但录音说他 go to the bank once a week（每周一次）而非 once a month，频次被偷改，且这不是收尾点出的"习惯"。
借用原文：I go to the bank once a week
- D)答非所问Thinking twice before buying something 与"控制冲动"沾边，但男方收尾点出的习惯明确是"不超预算"，没有说"买前三思"成了习惯，方向虽近却非他的原话。
M: Please hear me out. I don't want our son to spend his afternoons doing something he hates, even if it might prepare him for the future. What about getting him to join a sport, like soccer? From all the running and training, he could become quite athletic. Not to mention the great physical benefits from exercising outside every day.
M: 请听我说完。我不想让我们的儿子把下午时间花在他讨厌的事情上,即使这可能为他的未来做准备。让他参加一项运动怎么样,比如足球?通过所有的跑步和训练,他可以变得很健壮。更不用说每天在户外锻炼带来的巨大身体益处了。
W: Um, I don't think he should be doing something so challenging with all his breathing issues. What about playing an indoor sport, like badminton? The environment is easier to control, and he can still get a good workout, in addition to improving his hand-eye coordination. Besides, I could teach him some of the basics from my time as a badminton player.
W: 嗯,我觉得他不应该做这么有挑战性的事情,他有那么多呼吸问题。室内运动怎么样,比如羽毛球?环境更容易控制,他仍然可以得到很好的锻炼,还能提高手眼协调能力。而且,我可以教他一些基础知识,我以前是打羽毛球的。
M: Um, I'm thinking team sports should be the way to go. There's nothing like playing as part of a unit to accomplish a goal like winning a game or even a championship. He could try basketball since many of the courts are indoors now and it's a sport that could help him understand team spirit while cooperating with others. Maybe he could even join the school basketball team when he's ready.
M: 嗯,我觉得应该选团队运动。没有什么比作为团队的一员去完成一个目标更好的了,比如赢得一场比赛甚至一个冠军。他可以试试篮球,因为现在很多球场都在室内,这项运动可以帮助他在与他人合作的同时理解团队精神。也许等他准备好了,他甚至可以加入学校篮球队。
W: Oh, oh, what about volleyball? It's a team sport and they often have mixed-gender teams so he could socialize with both girls and boys. It's not as popular as some sports, which means he has better odds of possibly getting an athletic scholarship in the future. I also believe you were a beach volleyball athlete yourself not so long ago.
W: 哦,哦,排球怎么样?这是一项团队运动,他们经常有男女混合队,所以他可以和女孩和男孩都社交。它不像有些运动那么受欢迎,这意味着他将来获得体育奖学金的机会更大。我还记得你不久前自己就是沙滩排球运动员。
M: As I've said many times before, beach volleyball and indoor volleyball are completely different.
M: 正如我之前说过很多次的,沙滩排球和室内排球是完全不同的。
Why is the woman opposed to their son joining a sport like soccer?
为什么这位女士反对他们的儿子参加像足球这样的运动?
- A) 他不喜欢任何球类运动。
- B) 他必须为未来做准备。
- C) 他有呼吸问题。
- D) 他无法胜任任何有挑战性的事情。
W: Um, I don't think he should be doing something so challenging with all his breathing issues.
女：嗯，我觉得他不该去做这么有挑战性的运动，他还有那一身呼吸方面的毛病呢。
反对句后跟出理由。女方先表态 I don't think he should be doing something so challenging（反对做高强度运动），紧接着用 with 引出真正的缘由 with all his breathing issues——"反对+because式补充"就是答案信号，落点在 with 之后的原因。
- breathing issuesbreathing problemsissues=problems 同义换词
- A)未提及He does not enjoy any ball games. 说他"不喜欢任何球类"，可女方通篇都在给儿子挑球类（羽毛球、排球），根本没说他不喜欢球，属凭空捏造。
- B)原词陷阱He has to prepare for the future. 里的"为将来做准备"确实在录音里出现过，但那是男方 even if it might prepare him for the future 说的、且是他要否定的东西，不是女方反对足球的理由——典型的"听到原词就想选"。
借用原文：even if it might prepare him for the future
- D)偷换概念He is not up to anything challenging.（应付不了有挑战的事）借用了原文 something so challenging 里的 challenging，听着很顺，但女方反对的根子是"呼吸问题"，"高强度"只是结果、不是原因——把原因偷换成了表象。
借用原文：something so challenging
What does the man suggest their son try in order to understand team spirit?
这位男士建议他们的儿子尝试什么来理解团队精神?
- A) 足球。
- B) 羽毛球。
- C) 排球。
- D) 篮球。
M: He could try basketball since many of the courts are indoors now and it's a sport that could help him understand team spirit while cooperating with others.
男：他可以试试篮球，现在很多球场都在室内了，而且这是一项能帮他在与人协作中理解团队精神的运动。
建议词+目的吻合。男方用建议句 He could try basketball，并紧接着点出目的 could help him understand team spirit，与题干"in order to understand team spirit"严丝合缝——"建议句 + 目的状语命中题干限定"就是答案信号。
- He could try basketballBasketball.运动名原词对应
- understand team spiritBasketball.目的对上题干限定
- A)原词陷阱Soccer. 确实被念到，但那是男方开头 like soccer 提的、并非"为理解团队精神"而提，不满足题干限定，听到 soccer 就选会落坑。
借用原文：like soccer
- B)张冠李戴Badminton. 是女方 like badminton 建议的室内运动，既不是男方提的、也与团队精神无关，张冠李戴又跑题。
借用原文：like badminton
- C)原词陷阱Volleyball. 是女方在第4段 what about volleyball 才提的，且理由是社交和奖学金，不是男方、也不是为团队精神，纯属原词诱选。
借用原文：what about volleyball
What is one of the woman's considerations in choosing a sport for her son?
这位女士为儿子选择运动时的考虑因素之一是什么?
- A) 加入学校运动队的可能性。
- B) 赢得一些冠军的机会。
- C) 日后获得体育奖学金的机会。
- D) 有朝一日成为职业运动员的可能性。
W: It's not as popular as some sports, which means he has better odds of possibly getting an athletic scholarship in the future.
女：它不像有些运动那么热门，这意味着他将来更有机会拿到体育奖学金。
which means引出考量。女方在介绍排球时用 which means he has better odds of possibly getting an athletic scholarship in the future 道出她看重的好处——"which means + 具体好处"就是她考量的落点，正是答案信号。
- getting an athletic scholarship in the futuregetting an athletic scholarship later onin the future=later on
- better odds of possibly gettingThe chances of gettingodds=chances 同义
- A)张冠李戴The possibilities of joining the school sports team. 对应的"加入校队"是男方在第3段 join the school basketball team 提的，且针对篮球，不是女方选排球的考量，说话人和项目都错。
借用原文：join the school basketball team
- B)张冠李戴The opportunities of winning some championships. 里的"赢冠军"出自男方第3段 winning a game or even a championship，是他讲团队运动好处时说的，与女方无关。
借用原文：winning a game or even a championship
- D)过度推断The odds of becoming a professional sportsman someday. 盗用了女方原句里的 odds，又把"拿奖学金"夸大成"当职业运动员"，原文根本没说要走职业道路，是顺着 odds 往前多推了一步。
借用原文：better odds of possibly getting an athletic scholarship in the future
What does the man say about beach volleyball?
这位男士关于沙滩排球说了什么?
- A) 它与室内排球完全不同。
- B) 它对女学生和男学生都有吸引力。
- C) 它在这个国家不如室内运动受欢迎。
- D) 它与其他户外运动完全不同。
M: As I've said many times before, beach volleyball and indoor volleyball are completely different.
男：我之前说过很多次了，沙滩排球和室内排球是完全不一样的。
强调句直接表态。男方用 As I've said many times before（我说过很多遍了）加重语气，再直给观点 beach volleyball and indoor volleyball are completely different——这种"强调铺垫+直接表态"就是答案句，落点清清楚楚。
- beach volleyball and indoor volleyball are completely differentIt differs entirely from indoor volleyball.completely different=differs entirely
- B)张冠李戴It appeals to both schoolgirls and schoolboys. 对应的"男女都参与"是女方第4段 he could socialize with both girls and boys 说普通排球时讲的，既不是男方、也不是评沙滩排球。
借用原文：he could socialize with both girls and boys
- C)张冠李戴It is less popular than indoor sports in the country. 化用了女方 not as popular as some sports，但那是女方评普通排球、且对比对象是"some sports"而非"室内运动"，说话人和内容都对不上。
借用原文：not as popular as some sports
- D)偷换概念It is completely different from other outdoor games. 几乎照搬男方的 completely different 句式，唯独把比较对象从"indoor volleyball（室内排球）"偷换成"other outdoor games（其他户外运动）"——男方比的是室内外排球，不是和别的户外项目比。
借用原文：beach volleyball and indoor volleyball are completely different
Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes. For instance, SpaceX's Falcon 9 gets through 112 tonnes of refined fuel, emitting about 336 tonnes of CO₂. This is the equivalent produced by your average car driving almost 70 times around the world. As well as greenhouse gases, rocket engines emit particles that destroy ozone. These issues are growing more pressing with the emergence of commercial spaceflight. There were 114 space launches in 2020, but there may be up to 1,000 per year in future.
发射通常是任何太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段,在短短几分钟内燃烧掉大量燃料。例如,SpaceX的猎鹰9号消耗112吨精炼燃料,排放约336吨二氧化碳。这相当于普通汽车绕地球行驶近70圈所产生的排放量。除了温室气体,火箭发动机还排放破坏臭氧的颗粒物。随着商业太空飞行的兴起,这些问题变得越来越紧迫。2020年有114次太空发射,但未来每年可能多达1000次。
Sustainable fuels are the top priority to enable greener space travel. Current spacecraft use a variety of fuels, but most are based on fossil fuels. One potentially greener option is liquid hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be obtained sustainably by using solar power to break water down into oxygen and hydrogen.
可持续燃料是实现更环保太空旅行的首要任务。目前的航天器使用多种燃料,但大多数基于化石燃料。一种潜在的更环保选择是液氢和液氧。氢可以通过利用太阳能将水分解成氧和氢来可持续地获得。
Reusable rockets can cut down on some of the waste associated with spaceflight. Traditionally, boosters, fuel tanks and other components are treated as expendable. But guiding them back to Earth in a controlled manner opens new possibilities — most components from the Falcon 9 can be reused up to 100 times.
可重复使用的火箭可以减少与太空飞行相关的一些浪费。传统上,助推器、燃料箱和其他部件被视为一次性消耗品。但以受控方式引导它们返回地球开辟了新的可能性——猎鹰9号的大部分部件可以重复使用多达100次。
Truly environmentally friendly space travel is still some way off. But we already have many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet.
真正环保的太空旅行仍有一段路要走。但我们已经拥有许多开始限制其对地球影响所需的技术。
What do we learn from the passage about the lift-off of spacecraft?
从文章中我们了解到关于航天器升空的什么信息？
- A) 它通常需要数年的准备。
- B) 它对环境造成很大危害。
- C) 它通常燃烧超过三百吨精炼燃料。
- D) 它被证明是太空任务中最复杂的阶段。
Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes.
发射升空通常是任何太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段，几分钟内就有大量燃料被烧掉。
篇章首句即点题。这是第一段的开篇第一句，篇章独白常把核心论断放在段首；句中 the most environmentally harmful stage"对环境危害最大的阶段"是一个带最高级的明确论断，正是答案句信号。
- the most environmentally harmful stagedoes a lot of harm to the environment最高级换成动词短语
- A)It usually requires years of preparations. 说发射"通常需要数年准备"，原文通篇没提准备时长，是凭"航天听起来很复杂"的常识臆造出来的。
- C)It often burns over three hundred tonnes of refined fuel. 看似与原文 112 tonnes of refined fuel 对得上，但原文说的 112 吨是"精炼燃料"，336 吨是排放的 CO₂；选项把 over three hundred tonnes 安到了 refined fuel 头上，张冠李戴地偷换了数字。听到 three hundred 就选，正中陷阱。
借用原文：Falcon 9 gets through 112 tonnes of refined fuel, emitting about 336 tonnes of CO₂
- D)It proves to be the most complicated stage of space missions. 盗用了原文的最高级框架 the most environmentally harmful stage，但把 harmful（有害）偷换成 complicated（复杂）。原文讲的是"危害最大"不是"最复杂"，听到 the most…stage 就选，会被这个偷换骗到。
借用原文：the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission
What happens traditionally to boosters, fuel tanks and other components in spaceflight?
在太空飞行中，助推器、燃料箱和其他部件传统上会怎样处理？
- A) 它们在外太空被烧毁。
- B) 它们被引导返回地球。
- C) 它们被重复使用多达100次。
- D) 它们被视为一次性消耗品。
Traditionally, boosters, fuel tanks and other components are treated as expendable.
传统上，助推器、燃料箱和其他部件都被当作用完即弃的消耗品。
限定词traditionally领出答案。句子以 Traditionally 开头，与题干里的 traditionally 完全对应；这种"题干限定词在原文里原样出现"的句子就是答案句。注意紧随其后的 But guiding them back to Earth 是转折后的新做法，问"传统"时不能抓那一句。
- treated as expendableThey are treated as expendable.近乎原句照搬
- A)原词陷阱They are burnt up in outer space. 说部件"在外太空被烧毁"。原文第一段确有 fuel burnt up"燃料被烧掉"，但那是讲燃料、不是部件，更没说在外太空烧；这项盗用了 burnt up 的印象来骗人。
借用原文：vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes
- B)They are guided back to Earth. 对应原文 But guiding them back to Earth，但这是 But 转折之后讲的"新可能"，是与"传统"相对的现在做法；题干问的是 traditionally，选 B 等于把转折后的新情况当成了传统做法。
借用原文：But guiding them back to Earth in a controlled manner
- C)原词陷阱They are reused up to 100 times. 直接搬了原文 can be reused up to 100 times，原词、数字都对，极具迷惑性；但那同样是 But 转折之后的新做法，不是 traditionally 的传统处理。听到 100 times 就选，正中原词陷阱。
借用原文：most components from the Falcon 9 can be reused up to 100 times
What does the passage say we already have regarding spaceflight?
文章说我们在太空飞行方面已经拥有什么？
- A) 将太空飞行器带回以供回收利用的新技术。
- B) 满足商业太空旅行需求的技术。
- C) 限制太空旅行对地球影响的许多技术。
- D) 有效保护臭氧层免遭破坏的技术。
But we already have many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet.
但我们已经拥有许多项所需的技术，可以开始限制太空旅行对地球的影响。
尾段转折收束句。这是全文最后一段的收尾句，以 But we already have 起头：前一句说"真正环保的太空旅行还很遥远"，But 一转给出积极结论，转折之后才是文章真正落点，正是答案句。
- many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planetMany of the technologies to limit the impact of space travel on Earth.保留核心仅压缩表述
- A)New technologies for bringing back space vehicles for recycling. 借用了第三段"回收复用"的印象（guiding them back to Earth、reused），但原文尾句说的是"已经拥有的 many of the technologies"，不是 new technologies；且"带回回收"只是文中一个细节，拿它冒充全文结论，以偏概全。
借用原文：guiding them back to Earth in a controlled manner
- B)原词陷阱The technology for meeting the needs of commercial space travel. 盗用了原文 commercial spaceflight"商业航天"这个词，但原文提它是说"商业航天兴起让问题更紧迫"，并非说"我们已有满足商业航天需求的技术"；这项把原词搬过来却换了说法，答非所问。
借用原文：These issues are growing more pressing with the emergence of commercial spaceflight.
- D)过度推断The technology for effectively protecting ozone from being destroyed. 盗用了原文 emit particles that destroy ozone 里的 ozone"臭氧"，但原文只是说火箭排放粒子"会破坏臭氧"，根本没说我们"已有有效保护臭氧的技术"；这项把一个细节问题夸大成现成的单项技术，无中生有。
借用原文：rocket engines emit particles that destroy ozone
Helping to look after a pet can facilitate numerous aspects of a child's emotional development. Research shows that reading to a loyal and nonjudgmental companion, such as a dog or cat, can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud, which will in turn boost their self-confidence. Having a companion to talk to about their feelings can also help children feel secure and develop communication skills.
帮助照顾宠物可以促进儿童情感发展的诸多方面。研究表明,向忠诚且不评判的伙伴(如狗或猫)朗读可以鼓励不愿意读书的孩子大声朗读,这反过来会增强他们的自信心。有一个可以倾诉感受的伙伴也能帮助儿童感到安全并发展沟通技能。
A household pet can also cultivate a child's sense of responsibility as their parent explains the necessary processes of keeping their pet happy and healthy. As a child matures, they can then take on more of the daily responsibilities, boosting their sense of independence.
家庭宠物还可以培养儿童的责任感,因为家长会向他们解释保持宠物快乐和健康的必要过程。随着儿童的成长,他们可以承担更多日常责任,增强独立感。
Pets also provide a fantastic subject for research and learning. Parents can encourage their child to research their favourite pets at the library or during a supervised internet search. Taking children along to the pet shop to buy food and supplies will support their cognitive development as their passion for learning flourishes.
宠物还为研究和学习提供了绝佳的主题。家长可以鼓励孩子在图书馆或在监督下的网络搜索中研究他们喜爱的宠物。带孩子去宠物店购买食物和用品将有助于他们的认知发展,因为他们对学习的热情会蓬勃发展。
A child's physical development can benefit greatly from taking pets for walks in the fresh air. Even their fine-motor skills can be utilised in taking care of a beloved animal.
带宠物在新鲜空气中散步可以极大地促进儿童的身体发育。甚至他们的精细运动技能也可以在照顾心爱的动物时得到运用。
When responsibilities are well paced and communicated, a child can benefit greatly from involvement in bringing up a happy and healthy pet. And of course, if a child doesn't have a pet in their own household, they can still benefit from all of the above when visiting a friend who does.
当责任节奏得当且沟通良好时,儿童可以从参与养育一只快乐健康的宠物中受益匪浅。当然,如果孩子自己家里没有宠物,他们在拜访有宠物的朋友时仍然可以从上述所有方面受益。
What does research show about reading to a loyal and nonjudgmental companion?
研究表明,向一个忠诚且不评判的伙伴阅读会产生什么效果?
- A) 它可以帮助阅读能力不足的读者感到更安心。
- B) 它可以鼓励不愿意阅读的读者大声朗读。
- C) 它可以增强儿童对他人的信心。
- D) 它可以提高儿童对交流的兴趣。
Research shows that reading to a loyal and nonjudgmental companion, such as a dog or cat, can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud, which will in turn boost their self-confidence.
研究表明，读给一个忠诚且不加评判的伙伴（比如一只狗或猫）听，能鼓励那些不情愿读书的孩子大声朗读，这反过来又会增强他们的自信。
题干原词复现处即答案句。录音里 Research shows that reading to a loyal and nonjudgmental companion 与题干用词几乎一字不差，题干问的对象在录音里原样出现，这句就是答案句；紧跟其后的 can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud 正是"研究表明的结果"。
- can encourage reluctant readers to read aloudIt can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud.近乎原句搬运
- A)原词陷阱A 项 help unskilled readers feel more secure 里的 secure 来自录音后一句 help children feel secure，但那句讲的是"有个伙伴倾诉感受"带来的安全感，不是"读给宠物听"的研究结果；而且录音说的是 reluctant readers（不情愿的读者），A 偷换成 unskilled readers（不熟练的读者）。
借用原文：can also help children feel secure and develop communication skills
- C)偷换概念C 项 strengthen children's confidence in others 借用了录音的 confidence，但录音说的是 boost their self-confidence（自信，对自己的信心），C 偷偷改成"对他人的信心（confidence in others）"，方向反了。
借用原文：which will in turn boost their self-confidence
- D)原词陷阱D 项 boost children's interest in communication 的 communication 来自录音末句 develop communication skills，但那是"有人倾诉感受"的好处，不是"读给宠物听"的研究结果；而且录音说的是"发展沟通技能"，不是"提升沟通兴趣"。
借用原文：develop communication skills
How can parents make pets a fantastic subject for their children's research and learning?
家长如何使宠物成为孩子研究和学习的绝佳对象?
- A) 通过激励孩子去了解他们喜爱的宠物。
- B) 通过带孩子去图书馆借阅有关动物的书籍。
- C) 通过允许孩子自己上网查询有关宠物的信息。
- D) 通过向孩子展示如何获取有关健康宠物的知识。
Parents can encourage their child to research their favourite pets at the library or during a supervised internet search.
父母可以鼓励孩子在图书馆或在有人监督的网络搜索中，去研究他们最喜欢的宠物。
题干research落点处即答案句。题干问"research and learning"，录音第 3 段开头点题 Pets also provide a fantastic subject for research and learning，紧接着 Parents can encourage their child to research their favourite pets 就是父母做法的答案句，subject for research 与题干完全对应。
- encourage their child to research their favourite petsmotivating children to find out about their favourite pets同义词替换encourage=motivate、research=find out
- B)原词陷阱B 项 taking children to the library to borrow books on animals 盗用了录音的 library，但录音说的是 research their favourite pets at the library（在图书馆研究宠物），是"去图书馆查"，并非"带孩子去借书（borrow books）"，borrow books on animals 是录音没说的。
借用原文：to research their favourite pets at the library
- C)与原文相反C 项 allowing children to surf the internet about pets by themselves 借用了录音的 internet，但录音原文是 a supervised internet search（有人监督的网络搜索），C 把它改成"让孩子自己（by themselves）上网"，恰恰与"有人监督"相反。
借用原文：during a supervised internet search
- D)偷换概念D 项 showing children how to acquire knowledge about healthy pets 把录音里 their favourite pets（最喜欢的宠物）偷换成 healthy pets（健康的宠物）；healthy 这个词出自录音别处 keeping their pet happy and healthy，被挪到这里制造干扰，且"研究主题"是 favourite pets 而非 healthy pets。
借用原文：to research their favourite pets
How can children still benefit even when their family doesn't have a pet?
即使家里没有宠物,孩子如何仍能从中受益?
- A) 通过了解饲养宠物可以带来很多好处。
- B) 通过观察健康的宠物是如何被养育的。
- C) 通过听说同龄人对宠物的热情。
- D) 通过拜访有家养宠物的朋友。
And of course, if a child doesn't have a pet in their own household, they can still benefit from all of the above when visiting a friend who does.
当然，如果一个孩子自己家里没有宠物，他们在拜访一位养宠物的朋友时，仍然能从上述所有方面获益。
if加still的让步收尾句。录音末段用 if a child doesn't have a pet in their own household, they can still benefit 这个"假设没有宠物 + still 仍能受益"的让步结构收尾，正好对应题干的 even when…doesn't have a pet，是典型的答案信号句。
- when visiting a friend who doesBy visiting friends who have household pets代动词does=have a pet展开
- A)答非所问A 项 learning that raising pets can do much good 把录音的 benefit 含义改头换面，说成"懂得养宠物有好处"，但题干问的是"没养宠物时怎样仍能受益"，答案是"去拜访朋友"这个动作，A 只是泛泛重复"养宠物有益"的大主旨，答非所问。
借用原文：a child can benefit greatly from involvement in bringing up a happy and healthy pet
- B)原词陷阱B 项 watching how healthy pets are brought up 借了录音多处出现的 healthy pet / bringing up，但录音从没说"观看（watching）宠物怎么养大"，这个动作是凭原词拼造出来的，并非没宠物时的受益途径。
借用原文：bringing up a happy and healthy pet
- C)未提及C 项 hearing about their peers' passion for pets 里的 passion 来自录音第 3 段 their passion for learning flourishes，但那讲的是"孩子对学习的热情"，录音通篇没说"听同龄人（peers）讲他们对宠物的热情"，这个途径属于无中生有。
借用原文：as their passion for learning flourishes
A new bill in the Ohio legislature would require state public colleges and universities to send prospective students a packet of information. This would include costs of college, grants and scholarships. It would also include expected monthly loan payments and projected salary after college.
俄亥俄州立法机构的一项新法案将要求州立公立大学和学院向潜在学生发送一份信息包。其中将包括大学费用、助学金和奖学金。还将包括预期的月贷款还款额以及大学毕业后的预期薪资。
State Representative Adam Mathews is one of the two legislators who proposed the bill. He said it would give prospective students more information about what to expect once they graduate. "Putting that information in front of them will give them the best opportunity to match their skills and their dreams to what our schools can provide," said Mathews. He notes that the state can only regulate public institutions in this way, but he hopes private institutions in Ohio follow the lead of the state and post similar information. He believes giving out this information will help Ohio's colleges and universities to be more competitive. The information will highlight what a great value they have for their very reasonable cost.
州众议员Adam Mathews是提出该法案的两位立法者之一。他表示，这将为潜在学生提供更多关于毕业后预期情况的信息。Mathews说："将这些信息呈现在他们面前，将使他们有最好的机会将自己的技能和梦想与我们学校所能提供的相匹配。"他指出，州只能以这种方式监管公立机构，但他希望俄亥俄州的私立机构效仿州的做法并发布类似信息。他相信，提供这些信息将有助于俄亥俄州的大学和学院提高竞争力。这些信息将突显出它们以非常合理的成本提供了巨大的价值。
Ohio's schools are already competitive. The state attracts more undergraduate students than it sends to colleges out of state. Many colleges and universities currently provide similar information on their websites. This includes tuition, fees, graduation rates and more. But students need to search for the information. This bill would require the universities and colleges to send a packet directly to students.
俄亥俄州的学校已经很有竞争力。该州吸引的本科生数量超过了流失到州外大学的数量。许多大学和学院目前在其网站上提供类似信息。这包括学费、费用、毕业率等。但学生需要主动搜索这些信息。该法案将要求大学和学院直接向学生发送信息包。
What would the new bill in the Ohio legislature require public colleges and universities to do?
俄亥俄州立法机构的新法案将要求公立学院和大学做什么?
- A) 向准学生发送一份信息资料包。
- B) 定期更新其网站上的所有信息。
- C) 告知未来学生其年度招生人数。
- D) 回答申请者及其家长提出的问题。
A new bill in the Ohio legislature would require state public colleges and universities to send prospective students a packet of information.
俄亥俄州议会的一项新法案将要求州立公立高校向准学生寄送一个信息包。
信号是首句直陈"require…to send"。答案句是第一段开门见山的一句 A new bill in the Ohio legislature would require state public colleges and universities to send prospective students a packet of information，require…to send 直接给出 "要求做的动作"，篇章独白常在首句点题，这句即落点。
- send prospective students a packet of informationSend would-be students a packet of information.prospective=would-be，几乎同义改写
- B)原词陷阱Update regularly all information on their websites. 借了原文末段确有的 provide similar information on their websites 里 websites、information 的影子，但法案要求的是 "寄信息包"，不是 "定期更新网站"，听到 website 就选会中招。
借用原文：provide similar information on their websites
- C)未提及Inform prospective students of their yearly enrollment. 借用了 prospective students 这个原词，但信息包里列的是 costs of college, grants and scholarships 等，根本没有 "年度招生人数（yearly enrollment）"，属凭空添加的内容。
- D)未提及Answer questions raised by applicants and their parents. 听起来合理，但录音从头到尾说的是学校 "主动寄信息包"，没有 "回答申请者和家长提问" 这一动作，是想当然的添加。
What can the state only do according to Adam Mathews?
根据Adam Mathews的说法,州政府只能做什么?
- A) 直接监管私立院校。
- B) 效仿其他州的做法。
- C) 一致地监督所有学校。
- D) 依法监管公立院校。
He notes that the state can only regulate public institutions in this way, but he hopes private institutions in Ohio follow the lead of the state and post similar information.
他指出，州只能以这种方式监管公立院校，但他希望俄亥俄的私立院校效仿州的做法、也发布类似信息。
信号是带only的限定句+but转折。答案句 the state can only regulate public institutions in this way 自带 only 限定，正面回答 "只能做什么"；其后 but he hopes private institutions…follow 用 but 把私立摘出去，反衬出 "只能管公立"，这种 only + but 的结构就是答案信号。
- the state can only regulate public institutions in this wayRegulate public institutions by law."by a new bill"概括为"by law"
- A)与原文相反Oversee private institutions directly. 抓的是 but 后面 private institutions in Ohio 这个词，但原文是 "只能管公立、私立只是希望它效仿"，把 "管公立" 偷换成 "直接管私立"，方向正好反。
借用原文：but he hopes private institutions in Ohio follow the lead
- B)张冠李戴Follow other states' example. 里 follow…lead 听着像原文 follow the lead of the state，但原文是 "私立效仿本州"，不是 "本州效仿别的州"，且主语张冠李戴。
借用原文：private institutions in Ohio follow the lead of the state
- C)偷换概念Supervise all schools consistently. 用 all schools 把范围扩到所有学校，但答案句明确 can only regulate public institutions，only 把范围卡死在公立，all 与 only 直接矛盾。
借用原文：the state can only regulate public institutions
What do we learn about Ohio's schools from the passage?
从文章中我们对俄亥俄州的学校了解到什么?
- A) 它们富有资源。
- B) 它们竞争激烈。
- C) 它们提供实现梦想的最佳机会。
- D) 它们对来自美国其他州的学生最具吸引力。
Ohio's schools are already competitive. The state attracts more undergraduate students than it sends to colleges out of state.
俄亥俄的学校已经很有竞争力了。该州吸引来的本科生比它送往外州读大学的还要多。
信号是直陈定性句"are already competitive"。答案句 Ohio's schools are already competitive 是直接给学校下定义的一句，主系表把 competitive 这个定性词摆在明处；后一句 attracts more undergraduate students than it sends 用数据印证它，这种 "先下结论再举证" 的结构里，结论句即落点。
- Ohio's schools are already competitiveThey are competitive.competitive原词对应，仅换主语为They
- A)未提及They are resourceful. 的 resourceful（资源丰富）听着像也是夸学校的好词，但录音夸学校用的是 competitive，并没说 resourceful，是凭空换了个褒义词。
- C)原词陷阱They provide the best opportunity to realize one's dream. 整句几乎照搬第二段 give them the best opportunity to match their skills and their dreams，但原文那是议员说 "把信息摆给学生能给他们最好的机会"，主语是 "提供信息"，不是说学校本身就是 "实现梦想的最佳机会"，且本题问的是 "了解到学校什么"。
借用原文：give them the best opportunity to match their skills and their dreams
- D)偷换概念They appeal most to students from other states in the U.S. 借了第三段 attracts more undergraduate students than it sends to colleges out of state，但原文说的是 "吸引来的本科生比送出去的多"，并非 "对外州学生最有吸引力"，appeal most 是夸大且改了意思。
借用原文：attracts more undergraduate students than it sends to colleges out of state
What is the problem with schools providing information on their websites?
学校在其网站上提供信息存在什么问题?
- A) 一些学生在网上浏览浪费大量时间。
- B) 学生可能需要访问过多网站。
- C) 学生必须搜索相关信息。
- D) 一些学生可能缺乏足够的访问途径。
Many colleges and universities currently provide similar information on their websites. This includes tuition, fees, graduation rates and more. But students need to search for the information.
许多高校目前已在网站上提供类似信息，包括学费、各项收费、毕业率等等。但学生得自己去搜索这些信息。
信号是But转折后的短板句。前面 Many colleges and universities currently provide similar information on their websites 在夸网站信息已经很全，But students need to search for the information 用 But 一转点出 "得自己找" 的短板——But 后面这句才是 "问题" 所在，正是答案句。
- students need to search for the informationStudents have to search for the information.need to=have to，近乎原句
- A)未提及Some students waste much time surfing the net. 借了 "网络" 的话题氛围，但原文只说学生 "得自己搜"，没说 "浪费很多时间上网"，waste much time 是凭空添加的。
- B)原词陷阱Students may need to visit too many websites. 抓住原文 on their websites 的 websites 一词，把 "得自己搜信息" 夸张成 "得访问太多网站"，原文从没说网站 too many。
借用原文：provide similar information on their websites
- D)未提及Some students may lack adequate access. 说学生 "缺少足够渠道"，但原文的问题是 "信息在网上、得自己去搜"，并不是 "上不了网/没渠道"，access 这层意思原文没有。
38 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- A number of factors are creating a bad situation: Global energy consumption is up, but supplies have been reduced.
冒号引出并列分句解释说明前文的结构在学术和新闻语体中较为常见,but 转折也是典型并列句式,对理解真题中的因果和转折逻辑有参考价值
- That comes against inflation rates that accelerated last month with consumer prices growing 6.6%.
本句结构在四六级和考研真题中较为典型：主句简洁，定语从句修饰状语中的名词，且从句内包含独立主格结构补充说明。这种多层修饰和伴随状语的组合是真题常见句式，学习价值较高。
- It's projected to cost more than $2,300 to heat a typical home with heating oil this winter.
"It is + 过去分词 + to do" 这一结构在四六级和考研阅读中极为常见,用于表达客观预测、评价或陈述。形式主语后置是英语书面语的典型特征,被动语态的使用也符合学术和新闻语体的习惯。掌握本句结构后可大量复用到类似句式的理解中。
- Last month, the federal government added $1 billion in funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, bringing the total to $4.8 billion.
简单句 + 分词短语作结果状语是英语新闻报道和学术写作中的高频句式,在四六级和考研阅读中经常出现。这种结构既简洁又能有效补充信息,学习者掌握后可在真题中大量遇到类似句式。虽然不是复合句或特殊句式,但其典型性较高,迁移价值较强。
- They may hold too optimistic a view about their diet.
情态动词加动词原形构成谓语是四六级和考研高频句式，"too + 形容词 + a + 名词" 语序结构也是真题中反复出现的语法现象。介词短语作后置定语修饰名词同样是基础且典型的结构。掌握本句的分析方法可以迁移到大量类似句子，代表性较强。
- They pay insufficient attention to their choice of food.
主谓宾加后置定语的简单句结构较为常见，"pay attention to" 是四六级高频搭配，有一定代表性，但句式过于简单，不如复合句典型。
- Who tended to rate their diet more accurately in the survey?
疑问词作主语的特殊疑问句在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，tend to do 结构也是高频搭配。句式虽简单但具有代表性，掌握后可应用于类似疑问句的分析。不过由于结构过于基础，缺少从句或复杂修饰，在真题中更多作为衬托句而非主攻难点句，典型性中等偏上。
- It was a heartwarming moment that dozens of Indian rescuers rallied together to use a crane in order to save an elephant trapped at the bottom of a 20-foot well.
本句包含主系表结构、同位语从句、目的状语（to use 和 in order to save）、后置定语（trapped at the bottom），成分种类较为丰富。重点训练价值在于辨析同位语从句与定语从句的区别（that 是否在从句中充当成分），以及识别多层目的状语的嵌套逻辑。是一个适合练习成分划分和从句辨析的句子。
- The army officers heard a noise coming from the well and realized an elephant was trapped deep inside.
并列谓语、宾语从句、分词作后置定语都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频结构。尤其 "动词 + 宾语从句（省略 that）" 和 "名词 + 分词短语后置定语" 是典型句式，掌握后可广泛应用于理解类似长句。本句结构代表性强，学习迁移价值高。
- The elephant was kept under close supervision for a few days before it was successfully released back into the wild.
包含主句 + 时间状语从句的结构在四六级和考研阅读中非常常见，被动语态也是高频考点。句子长度适中，结构清晰，学生掌握这种 "主句 + before/after/when 等引导的状语从句" 模式后，可以迁移到大量类似句式的理解中，代表性和实用性较强。
- They gathered together to rescue an elephant.
简单句加不定式作目的状语是常见句式，在四六级和考研中经常出现，具有一定代表性，但结构过于简单、缺乏复杂句式特征，典型性中等。
- What does the news report say happened finally?
结构高度典型。特殊疑问句 + 宾语从句（连接词省略）是四六级和考研听力、阅读中的常见句式，尤其在新闻报道、调查研究等语境中频繁出现。疑问词前置兼作从句主语的结构也是考试中的常考点。掌握此类句式后，学生能够快速识别和理解大量类似的真题句子。
- M: Well, actually, I've stopped using online payments for the past three months now.
现在完成时搭配 "for + 时间段" 是四六级和考研常考句式，动名词短语作宾语也是高频考点，句型具有一定代表性，掌握后可迁移到类似结构的句子中。
- But I've found that if I review my spending every night, that keeps me from spending too much.
本句在成分划分上有多个训练价值点：宾语从句作主句宾语、条件状语从句作宾语从句的状语、宾语从句中指示代词 "that" 作主语（易与引导词混淆）、"keep sb from doing" 固定搭配中的宾语和状语识别、时间状语 "every night" 的定位。覆盖了主谓宾、状语、从句嵌套等多种成分，适合作为中等难度的综合练习。
- M: I tried that strategy, but it just didn't work, because I'd be busy studying all day.
并列主句 + 原因状语从句的组合在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，"but" 转折和 "because" 解释原因的逻辑链条也是典型句式；过去将来进行时虽不算最高频，但在叙述过去计划或预期时会出现，具有一定代表性。
- Then, when I was tired and hungry, I'd use my phone to order food, like burgers and other junk, instead of going to the canteen, where I could get a healthier meal for half the price.
本句包含主谓宾、系表、双状语(时间和方式)、目的状语、插入语、定语从句等多种成分,特别是would表习惯、instead of对比结构、非限制性定语从句等都是易错且值得反复练习的点,成分划分训练价值较高。
- W: But what prevents you from just going to the bank and getting more money, if you want to buy something?
主句涉及疑问词作主语、及物动词带宾语、介词短语作状语、条件状语从句等多种成分，成分类型较为丰富。"prevent sb from doing"是典型搭配，值得练习。但主句结构相对常规，没有特别复杂的成分交织或易错点，训练价值中等偏上。
- M: The first month I did withdraw extra cash twice, but I felt guilty about it.
“前句叙事，后句用 but 表转折并补出态度或结果”是很常见的考试句式。再加上句首时间状语和强调式助动词，这些都具有较强迁移性。
- Why has the man stopped paying online for the last three months?
特殊疑问句 + 现在完成时的组合在考试中较常见，尤其是口语或听力场景。疑问句倒装语序和完成时的使用都是典型考点。但句子本身较简短，不涉及复杂从句或多重修饰，代表性中等偏上。
- He wanted to be less dependent on his phone.
主谓宾结构是最基础的句型，不定式作宾语也是常见用法，但本句过于简单，缺少四六级、考研真题中常见的从句、复杂修饰或特殊句式，典型性中等。
- Avoid getting addicted to junk food
祈使句在日常口语和应用文中常见，动名词作宾语也是基础语法点，具有一定代表性。但四六级和考研阅读中更多出现复杂长难句，本句结构过于简单，作为应试句式代表性一般。
- I don't want our son to spend his afternoons doing something he hates, even if it might prepare him for the future.
主句包含主谓宾结构、宾语补足语(不定式短语),宾补中包含现在分词短语、定语从句修饰宾语,让步状语从句修饰主句,成分种类丰富。定语从句中关系代词省略是常见易错点,宾语补足语与不定式的搭配也是重要考点,适合作为成分划分练习。
- The environment is easier to control, and he can still get a good workout, in addition to improving his hand-eye coordination.
并列句 + 情态动词 + 介词短语作状语的组合在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，学生掌握后可迁移到不少类似句子；但本句结构相对简单，不如多层嵌套的复杂长难句更具代表性。
- Besides, I could teach him some of the basics from my time as a badminton player.
双宾语结构加情态动词是四六级和考研写作、阅读中的常见句式，teach、give、show 等动词的双宾用法频繁出现。后置定语用介词短语修饰名词也是典型搭配。掌握本句结构后可迁移到大量类似句子，具有较好的代表性。
- It's not as popular as some sports, which means he has better odds of possibly getting an athletic scholarship in the future.
"which" 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个主句，这是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。宾语从句嵌套在定语从句内部的结构也较为常见。掌握本句的分析方法，可以迁移到大量类似的复合句中。
- Why is the woman opposed to their son joining a sport like soccer?
结构典型性较高。特殊疑问句加系表结构是四六级和考研听力、阅读中的高频句式，"be opposed to" 这类固定搭配也是常考点。动名词复合结构作宾语同样是常见语法现象。掌握本句结构后，学生可迁移到大量类似疑问句和系表搭配场景。
- It appeals to both schoolgirls and schoolboys.
主语 + 不及物动词 + 介词短语是常见句式，appeal to 结构在四六级阅读中较常出现，具有一定代表性，但句式本身过于简单，不足以成为高频复杂句式的典型代表。
- It is completely different from other outdoor games.
主系表结构是英语基本句型之一，在各类考试中常见，但本句过于简单、修饰成分少，作为练习句的代表性一般，掌握后可复用的场景有限。
- Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes.
主系表结构配合状语是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式，表语部分使用最高级 + 介词短语修饰的模式也较为典型，具备一定的代表性和迁移价值，但整体结构相对简单，不属于高频出现的复杂长难句类型。
- For instance, SpaceX's Falcon 9 gets through 112 tonnes of refined fuel, emitting about 336 tonnes of CO₂.
简单句配伴随状语是科技说明文的常见句式,分词短语作状语在四六级阅读中频繁出现,具有一定代表性和迁移价值
- Current spacecraft use a variety of fuels, but most are based on fossil fuels.
but 连接两个主句的并列转折结构在四六级和考研阅读中高频出现,且 be based on 是科技类文本的常见表达,句式具有一定代表性,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子
- Hydrogen can be obtained sustainably by using solar power to break water down into oxygen and hydrogen.
情态动词加被动语态是四六级和考研中的常见句式，尤其在科技类说明文中频繁出现。本句的 'can be done by doing' 结构具有较高的复用性，学习者掌握后可应用于大量类似句子，典型性较强。
- Reusable rockets can cut down on some of the waste associated with spaceflight.
简单句配后置定语是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式；情态动词加短语动词的组合也较为典型，学习后可迁移到类似句型。
- Research shows that reading to a loyal and nonjudgmental companion, such as a dog or cat, can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud, which will in turn boost their self-confidence.
宾语从句加非限制性定语从句的嵌套结构在四六级和考研阅读中高频出现,且动名词作主语、情态动词、宾补、定语从句补充说明等都是常考句式,掌握后可大量复用到其他句子分析中。
- As a child matures, they can then take on more of the daily responsibilities, boosting their sense of independence.
"状语从句 + 主句" 结构在四六级和考研阅读中极为常见，尤其是时间状语从句置于句首的排列。情态动词 + 动词原形也是高频考点。该句型简洁典型，学习后可迁移至大量类似句子。
- And of course, if a child doesn't have a pet in their own household, they can still benefit from all of the above when visiting a friend who does.
条件状语从句 if 结构、限制性定语从句 who 引导、情态动词 can 表可能性，都是四六级和考研常考句式。嵌套方式也符合真题特点，具有较强代表性。
- Inform prospective students of their yearly enrollment.
祈使句在考试中偶有出现，但本句结构过于简单，不具备复杂句式的代表性，迁移价值有限。
- Some students waste much time surfing the net.
主谓宾加现在分词状语是常见书面句式，在四六级阅读中经常出现（如描述行为方式的表达），具有一定代表性，掌握后可迁移到类似句子，但不如复合句典型。
本卷出现的 198 个英语四级真题高频词
下列单词既在本卷录音原文中出现，又是 英语四级 历年真题的高频词（在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8）。每个词标注本卷 出现次数与该考试真题句频，点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- dietA2n. 日常饮食
- fuelB1n. 燃料
- rateA2n. 速度
- cashA2n. 现金
- benefitB1n. 好处
- householdB1n. 家庭
- researcherB2n. 研究人员
- onlineA2adj. 在线的
- departmentA2n. 部门
- billionB1num. 十亿（1,000,000,000）
- ohA1intj. 哦（表示惊讶、理解或反应）
- gasA2n. 气体
- rescueB1v. 营救，救援
- secureB2adj. 安全的
- assistanceB1n. 帮助
- projectA2n. 项目
- opportunityB1n. 机会
- issueB1n. 问题
- responsibilityB1n. 责任
- boostB2v. 提高
- paymentB1n. 支付
- readerA2n. 读者
- institutionB2n. 机构
- componentB2n. 组成部分
- scholarshipB2n. 奖学金
- prospectiveC1adj. 预期的
- wouldA1aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会
- localA2adj. 当地的
- actuallyA2adv. 实际上，事实上（用于纠正或补充信息）
- tendB1v. 倾向于，往往会
- learningA1n. 学习
- lackB1v. 缺少
- qualityA2n. 质量
- decadeB1n. 十年
- findingB2n. 调查结果
- impactB2n. 影响
- physicalB1adj. 身体的
- baseA2n. 基础
- viewA2n. 观点，看法
- internetA2n. 互联网
- realizeB1v. 意识到，认识到
- limitB1n. 限度
- incomeB1n. 收入
- relyB1v. 依赖;依靠
- completelyB1adv. 完全地
- missionB1n. 任务
- appealB2v. 呼吁
- stageA2n. 阶段
- competitiveB2adj. 竞争的
- federalB2adj. 联邦（制）的
- possibilityB1n. 可能性
- trapB1n. 陷阱
- commercialB2adj. 商业的
- guideA2n. 指南;手册
- burgerA2n. 汉堡包
- greatlyB1adv. 非常
- fundingB2n. 资金
- injuryB1n. （身体）伤害，损伤
- challengingB2adj. 有挑战性的
- passionB2n. 强烈的情感
- wanderB1v. 漫步
- junkB1n. 废物
- paceB1n. 速度
- oddB1adj. 奇怪的
- ratingB1n. 等级;评级
- reluctantB2adj. 不情愿的
- adequateB2adj. 足够的，充分的
- environmentallyB2adv. 从环境角度
- emitB2v. 发出，排放（光、热、气体等）
- spacecraftB2n. 航天器
- reduceB1v. 减少，降低（数量、大小、程度等）
- supportA2v. 支持
- participantB2n. 参与者
- processB1n. 过程
- averageA2adj. 平均的
- accordingB1prep. 根据
- consumerB1n. 消费者
- accessB1n. 进入
- globalB2adj. 全球的
- traditionalB1adj. 传统的
- factorB1n. 因素
- laterA1adv. 以后，later
- professionalB1adj. 专业的
- currentB1adj. 现在的
- optionB1n. 选择
- powerA2n. 权力
- enableB1v. 使能够
- rewardB1n. 报酬
- identifyB1v. 识别
- strategyB2n. 策略
- emotionalB1adj. 情绪的
- perB1prep. 每
- extraA2adj. 额外的
- responseB1n. 回答
- varietyB1n. 多样化
- budgetB1n. 预算
- consumptionB2n. 消费
- harmB1n. 伤害
- wildA2adj. 野生的
- attractB1v. 吸引（注意力、兴趣）
- vehicleB1n. 交通工具
- launchB1v. 推出
- purchaseB1v. 购买
- aimB1v. 瞄准
- finallyA2adv. 终于，最终
- graduateB1n. 毕业生
- instanceB2n. 例子
- motivateB2v. 激励
- solarB2adj. 太阳的
- cultivateB2v. 培养，发展（技能、态度、关系等）
- harmfulB1adj. 有害的
- releaseB1v. 释放
- differB1v. 不同，有区别
- expenseB1n. 花费
- representB1v. 代表
- regularlyA2adv. 经常地
- fullyB1adv. 完全地
- additionA2n. 增加
- definitelyB1adv. 肯定地
- painA2n. 疼痛
- acquireB2v. 获得
- cognitiveC1adj. 认知的
- fossilB2n. 化石
- strengthenB2v. 加强
- updateB1v. 更新
- confidenceB1n. 信心
- currentlyB1adv. 目前，当前
- massiveB2adj. 巨大的，大量的
- priorityB2n. 优先事项
- additionalB1adj. 额外的
- applicantB2n. 申请人
- aspectB2n. 方面
- directlyB1adv. 直接地
- entirelyB1adv. 完全地
- gatherB1v. 聚集，集合
- quantityB1n. 数量
- salaryB1n. 薪水，工资（通常指按月发放的固定报酬）
- complicatedB2adj. 复杂的
- feeB1n. 费用
- grantB2v. 授予
- peerB2n. 同龄人
- proposeB1v. 提议
- scaleB1n. 规模
- vastB2adj. 巨大的
- citizenB1n. 公民
- roughlyB1adv. 大约，大概
- trulyB1adv. 真正地
- graduationB1n. 毕业
- numerousB2adj. 众多的，许多的
- worriedA2adj. 担心的
- effectivelyB2adv. 有效地
- playerA2n. 运动员
- courtA2n. 法院
- loanB1n. 贷款
- sustainableB2adj. 可持续的
- accurateB2adj. 准确的
- engineA2n. 发动机，引擎
- possiblyB1adv. 可能，也许
- reductionB2n. 减少
- socializeB2v. 社交
- spendingA2n. 开支
- typicalB1adj. 典型的
- accomplishB2v. 完成，实现（任务、目标）
- considerationB2n. 考虑
- creatureB1n. 生物
- runningA2n. 跑步（运动）
- tuitionB2n. 学费
- costlyB2adj. 昂贵的，代价高的
- facilitateC1v. 促进
- optimisticB2adj. 乐观的;抱乐观态度的
- preparationB1n. 准备
- recycleB1v. 回收利用（废品）
- athleteB1n. 运动员
- highlightB2n. 最精彩的部分
- agricultureB2n. 农业
- dependentB2adj. 依靠的
- folkB1n. 人们
- heavilyB1adv. 大量地
- outdoorA2adj. 户外的，室外的
- reasonableB1adj. 合理的
- convenientB1adj. 方便的
- informB1v. 告知，通知（正式地告诉某人某事）
- mannerB1n. 方式
- monthlyA2adj. 每月的
- outerB1adj. 外部的，外面的
- successfullyB1adv. 成功地
- evaluationB2n. 评估
- independenceB2n. 独立;自主
- netA2n. 网
- obtainB2v. 获得
- representativeB2n. 代表
- traditionallyB2adv. 传统上;按照传统
- undergraduateB2n. 大学本科生
- accuratelyB2adv. 准确地
- cooperateB2v. 合作
- greenhouseB1n. 温室
- liquidB1n. 液体
- potentiallyB2adv. 可能地
全卷录音原文 654 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全卷录音原文去重后共 654 个单词，按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比（CDF），最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上（C1/C2）为高阶词，本卷共 12 个 · 约 2%。
- 去重总词数
- 654
- B2 以上难词
- 2%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 82%
常见问题
围绕本套听力的答案、录音来源与体裁、词汇难度与逐题选项依据，逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力的答案分别是什么？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力全卷共 25 题，标准答案依次为：1 C · 2 A · 3 C · 4 D · 5 B · 6 B · 7 A · 8 B · 9 D · 10 A · 11 B · 12 C · 13 D · 14 C · 15 A · 16 B · 17 D · 18 C · 19 B · 20 A · 21 D · 22 A · 23 D · 24 B · 25 C。答案字母分布为 A 6 · B 7 · C 6 · D 6。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力的录音原文分哪几篇？各考多少题？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力按卷面顺序分为：Section A 短篇新闻（3 篇）1–7 题；Section B 长对话（2 篇）8–15 题；Section C 听力篇章（3 篇）16–25 题。体裁构成为 短篇新闻 3 · 长对话 2 · 听力篇章 3，全卷连续编号、录音只播一遍。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力的词汇难度如何？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力全卷录音原文去重后共 654 个单词，按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖：A1 及以下约 34%、A2 及以下约 61%、B1 及以下约 82%、B2 及以下约 98%，B2 以上（C1/C2）难词共 12 个、约占 2%。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力出现了哪些英语四级高频词？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力的录音原文出现 198 个英语四级真题高频词（这些词在历年英语四级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句）。按出现次数排在前的有：diet（本卷 8 次，n. 日常饮食）、fuel（本卷 8 次，n. 燃料）、rate（本卷 7 次，n. 速度）、cash（本卷 7 次，n. 现金）、benefit（本卷 5 次，n. 好处）、household（本卷 5 次，n. 家庭）、researcher（本卷 4 次，n. 研究人员）、online（本卷 4 次，adj. 在线的）。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 1 题：Why are families across the U.S. looking to this winter with fear? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 1 题是细节题，正确答案 C）They will have a costly bill to pay to heat their homes。答案句出自录音「U.S. families are looking to the winter with fear as energy costs soar. The Energy Department projects heating bills will jump 28% this winter for those who rely on natural gas」（随着能源成本飙升，美国家庭对这个冬天满怀恐惧。能源部预计，对那些依赖天然气的家庭来说，今冬取暖账单将上涨 28%），靠as 引出发愁的直接原因定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（heating bills will jump 28% ↔ a costly bill to pay to heat their homes；energy costs soar ↔ costly）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（原文确实念了 27%，但 Heating oil is projected to be 27% higher 说的是‘取暖用油’涨 27%；选项 a 27% higher price to buy natural gas 把 27% 安到了天然气头上（天然气其实是涨 28%），数字盗用且对错对象）；B 项属过度推断（原文有 supplies have been reduced（供应减少）和大量 heating oil 字样，选项 insufficient heating oil to keep warm 借这些词造出‘油不够保暖’的说法，但原文讲的是‘费用贵’，从未说会‘缺油到取不了暖’）；D 项属原词陷阱（原文 four decades 出现在 consumer prices growing 6.6%. That's the fastest pace in four decades，说的是‘物价涨速四十年最快’；选项 the coldest winter in four decades 却把 four decades 挪去形容‘四十年最冷的冬天’，原文根本没谈天气冷暖），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 2 题：What did the federal government do last month? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 2 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Provided additional funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program。答案句出自录音「Last month, the federal government added $1 billion in funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, bringing the total to $4.8 billion」（上个月，联邦政府向‘低收入家庭能源援助项目’追加了 10 亿美元资金，使总额达到 48 亿美元），靠Last month 与题干同词定位定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（added \$1 billion in funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program ↔ Provided additional funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program）。其余选项：B 项属与原文相反（原文出现过 supplies have been reduced（供应减少），选项 Assured U.S. citizens of an increase in energy supplies 反过来说政府‘保证能源供应会增加’，方向相反，原文也无任何‘保证’动作）；C 项属原词陷阱（原文 10% 出自 electricity 10% higher（电费涨 10%），且作预测的是能源部不是政府这一动作主体；选项 Predicted a 10% jump in heating bills 把电费的 10% 改成‘取暖账单’、又把‘预测’这一动作安给了政府上月的作为，数字与主体双错）；D 项属原词陷阱（原文 a reduction from last year's energy assistance package of over \$8 billion 明说 80 亿是‘去年’援助方案、且今年比它‘减少’了；选项 Decided on this year's energy assistance package of \$8 billion in total 把去年的 80 亿说成‘今年合计敲定 80 亿’，年份与金额张冠李戴），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 3 题：What is the main finding of a new study about many Americans? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 3 题是主旨题，正确答案 C）They may hold too optimistic a view about their diet。答案句出自录音「Many Americans think they make healthy food choices, but they may be viewing their diet too optimistically. That's the main finding of a new study by researchers at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Stoneville, Mississippi」（很多美国人以为自己在做健康的食物选择，但他们对自己饮食的看法可能太乐观了。这正是美国农业部研究人员一项新研究的主要发现），靠转折but+点题句That's the main finding定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（viewing their diet too optimistically ↔ hold too optimistic a view about their diet）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（care less about their diet now than before 说"现在比从前更不在乎饮食"，录音通篇没有"今昔对比"，更没说他们"不在乎"——恰恰相反，他们"以为"自己吃得健康。属凭空捏造的对比）；B 项属偷换概念（lack adequate knowledge of healthy food 把问题归为"缺乏健康饮食知识"，但录音说的是他们"看得太乐观"（认知偏差），不是"不懂"。盗用了 healthy food 这一原词，却把病因悄悄换掉）；D 项属原词陷阱（pay insufficient attention to their choice of food 说他们"对选食不够上心"，但录音里他们其实很在意、还自认 make healthy food choices，问题是"高估"而非"不上心"。盗用 choices 一词来制造"听到 food choices 就想选"的诱惑），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 4 题：Who tended to rate their diet more accurately in the survey? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 4 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Those who rated their diet as poor。答案句出自录音「Those who rated their diet as poor tended to be far more accurate. Their rating matched that of the researchers more than nine times out of ten」（那些把自己饮食评为"差"的人，往往要准确得多。他们的评分有十之九以上与研究人员的评定相符），靠题干词more accurate原句复现做信号定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Those who rated their diet as poor ↔ Those who rated their diet as poor；tended to be far more accurate ↔ 4D）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（Those who finished 24-hour food questionnaires. 搬来录音 completed 24-hour food questionnaires，但那只是"所有参与者都做的一个环节"，录音从没说"填了这问卷的人评得更准"。专骗听到 24-hour 这个醒目数字就选的人）；B 项属未提及（Those who fully understood the rating scale. 说"完全看懂评分表的人"，录音只让参与者用 excellent, very good, good, fair or poor 评级，从没区分"谁更懂评分表"，更没说这类人更准。属凭空添加）；C 项属偷换概念（Those who cared about food quality. 盗用录音 rate the quality of their diet 里的 quality 一词，编出"在乎食物质量的人"，但录音问的是评级准不准，与"在不在乎质量"无关，是借原词造的假分类），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 5 题：What does the report say dozens of Indians did last week? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 5 题是细节题，正确答案 B）They gathered together to rescue an elephant。答案句出自录音「It was a heartwarming moment that dozens of Indian rescuers rallied together to use a crane in order to save an elephant trapped at the bottom of a 20-foot well」（那是一个暖心的时刻：数十名印度营救人员齐心协力，动用一台起重机去解救一头被困在 20 英尺深井底部的大象），靠题干原话定位开头句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（dozens of Indian rescuers rallied together ↔ They gathered together；to save an elephant ↔ to rescue an elephant）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（录音首句明明是 a heartwarming moment（暖心时刻），选项却写成 a heartbreaking moment（令人心碎的时刻），盗用了高度相似的 heart- 开头词把情绪极性反了过来，听到 heart 就选会中招）；C 项属张冠李戴（"听到井里有声音"确实在录音里 The army officers heard a noise coming from the well，但那是"军官"听到的，不是这群营救人员做的，选项把军官的动作安到了 dozens of Indians 头上）；D 项属偷换概念（录音说的是大象自己 wandered out of the jungle and fell into the well，是大象游荡，不是这群印度人"发现一头在井边游荡的大象"，选项盗用 wander 和 well 拼出一个原文没说的动作），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 6 题：Why did the army officers call the local forest department? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 6 题是目的题，正确答案 B）To ask them for help。答案句出自录音「The officers then threw in some food for the creature and called the local forest department for help」（随后军官们往井里扔了些食物给这头大象，并打电话向当地林业部门求助），靠for help 点出目的定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（called the local forest department for help ↔ To ask them for help）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（crane（起重机）确实在录音里出现过 use a crane，但那是后来营救时用的工具，录音从没说打电话是"为了借起重机"，选项盗用 crane 这个原词制造"听到了就想选"的诱惑）；C 项属答非所问（"井里传来奇怪声音"在录音里是军官自己 heard a noise coming from the well，他们打电话是去求助、不是"去报告这个声音"，选项把"听到声音"硬说成打电话的目的）；D 项属原词陷阱（"给大象弄吃的"沾着录音里 threw in some food for the creature，但扔食物是军官自己做的另一件事，不是打电话的目的，选项盗用 food 这个原词来误导），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 7 题：What does the news report say happened finally? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 7 题是细节题，正确答案 A）The elephant was able to return to the jungle。答案句出自录音「The elephant was kept under close supervision for a few days before it was successfully released back into the wild」（这头大象被严密看护了几天，之后才被成功放归野外），靠尾句 released 收束结局定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（released back into the wild ↔ return to the jungle）。其余选项：B 项属张冠李戴（"检查伤情"在录音里有 for evaluation of any injuries，但被检查的是大象，不是"军官"，选项把检查对象从大象偷换成 army officers，听到 injuries 就选会错）；C 项属未提及（录音通篇没有说军官因营救"受到奖励"，reward 是凭空添加的情节，属于原文根本没提到的内容）；D 项属偷换概念（录音说的是 kept under close supervision for a few days（看护了几天），选项却写成 given medical treatment for many days，把"几天看护"夸成"很多天的治疗"，且最终结局是"放归"而非"治疗"，盗用 days 偷改了时长与重点），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 8 题：Why has the man stopped paying online for the last three months? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 8 题是细节题，正确答案 B）It led him to spend more money than necessary。答案句出自录音「No, they are safe. But paying online is too convenient and I spent too much money on things I didn't need」（不，线上付款是安全的。但线上付款太方便了，我在不需要的东西上花了太多钱），靠转折 But 之后才是真因定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（I spent too much money on things I didn't need ↔ It led him to spend more money than necessary.）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（录音说线上付款 too convenient（太方便了），选项却说 caused him much inconvenience（带来很多不便）——A 盗了 convenient 这个原词却反着说，方向正相反）；C 项属与原文相反（选项 much less secure（不太安全）盗用了"安全"这一话题，但录音明确说 they are safe——他恰恰否认了安全顾虑，C 取的是被否定的方向）；D 项属未提及（less dependent on his phone（少依赖手机）听着合理，但录音通篇只说花钱失控，没有一句提到"想摆脱对手机的依赖"，属凭常识硬补），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 9 题：What problem does the woman say she may also have? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 9 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Impulse purchasing。答案句出自录音「Oh, impulse purchases can be an issue for me, too. I've definitely bought clothes and shoes I didn't need because they were on sale」（哦，冲动购物对我来说也是个问题。我确实买过自己并不需要的衣服和鞋子，就因为它们在打折），靠for me, too 的自我承认定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（impulse purchases can be an issue for me, too ↔ Impulse purchasing.）。其余选项：A 项属过度推断（Living beyond her means（花超过收入）听着像"花太多"，但女方只承认冲动购物，没说自己入不敷出，是程度上的过度引申）；B 项属未提及（Lack of budgeting strategies（缺预算策略）原文无对应；女方反而说自己有 review my spending every night 的办法，谈不上缺策略）；C 项属原词陷阱（录音里她提到 bought clothes and shoes，选项 Fashion addiction（迷恋时尚成瘾）借这两个词把"偶尔冲动买"夸成"成瘾"，听到 clothes/shoes 就选会中招），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 10 题：What does the man say he could do at the canteen? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 10 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Eat healthier food with less money。答案句出自录音「I'd use my phone to order food, like burgers and other junk, instead of going to the canteen, where I could get a healthier meal for half the price」（我会用手机点外卖，比如汉堡之类的垃圾食品，而不是去食堂——在食堂我能用一半的价钱吃到更健康的一餐），靠canteen 后的 where 从句给好处定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（a healthier meal for half the price ↔ Eat healthier food with less money.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（Order food like burgers and chips 直接盗用录音的 burgers，但那是他用手机点的外卖、是 instead of（而不是）去食堂的反面行为，根本不是"在食堂能做的"）；C 项属过度推断（录音有 other junk（垃圾食品），选项 Avoid getting addicted to junk food 借 junk 编出"避免吃上瘾"，但原文只说食堂更健康便宜，没提"上瘾"或"避免上瘾"）；D 项属原词陷阱（Pay either in cash or with his phone 把前文的"现金/手机付款"搬来，但题问的是"在食堂能做什么"，付款方式与此无关，是套用别处原词的干扰），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 11 题：What is now just a habit for the man? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 11 题是细节题，正确答案 B）Sticking to his budget。答案句出自录音「After that I refused to spend more than what I had budgeted, and by now it's just a habit」（在那之后我就拒绝花超过我预算的钱，到现在这已经成了一种习惯），靠by now it's just a habit 收尾点题定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（refused to spend more than what I had budgeted ↔ Sticking to his budget.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（Making a shopping list 是常见省钱招，但录音通篇没提"列清单"，是凭常识补的干扰）；C 项属与原文相反（Withdrawing cash only once a month 借用前文取现的场景，但录音说他 go to the bank once a week（每周一次）而非 once a month，频次被偷改，且这不是收尾点出的"习惯"）；D 项属答非所问（Thinking twice before buying something 与"控制冲动"沾边，但男方收尾点出的习惯明确是"不超预算"，没有说"买前三思"成了习惯，方向虽近却非他的原话），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 12 题：Why is the woman opposed to their son joining a sport like soccer? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 12 题是细节题，正确答案 C）He has breathing problems。答案句出自录音「W: Um, I don't think he should be doing something so challenging with all his breathing issues」（女：嗯，我觉得他不该去做这么有挑战性的运动，他还有那一身呼吸方面的毛病呢），靠反对句后跟出理由定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（breathing issues ↔ breathing problems）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（He does not enjoy any ball games. 说他"不喜欢任何球类"，可女方通篇都在给儿子挑球类（羽毛球、排球），根本没说他不喜欢球，属凭空捏造）；B 项属原词陷阱（He has to prepare for the future. 里的"为将来做准备"确实在录音里出现过，但那是男方 even if it might prepare him for the future 说的、且是他要否定的东西，不是女方反对足球的理由——典型的"听到原词就想选"）；D 项属偷换概念（He is not up to anything challenging.（应付不了有挑战的事）借用了原文 something so challenging 里的 challenging，听着很顺，但女方反对的根子是"呼吸问题"，"高强度"只是结果、不是原因——把原因偷换成了表象），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 13 题：What does the man suggest their son try in order to understand team spirit? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 13 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Basketball。答案句出自录音「M: He could try basketball since many of the courts are indoors now and it's a sport that could help him understand team spirit while cooperating with others」（男：他可以试试篮球，现在很多球场都在室内了，而且这是一项能帮他在与人协作中理解团队精神的运动），靠建议词+目的吻合定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（He could try basketball ↔ Basketball.；understand team spirit ↔ Basketball.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（Soccer. 确实被念到，但那是男方开头 like soccer 提的、并非"为理解团队精神"而提，不满足题干限定，听到 soccer 就选会落坑）；B 项属张冠李戴（Badminton. 是女方 like badminton 建议的室内运动，既不是男方提的、也与团队精神无关，张冠李戴又跑题）；C 项属原词陷阱（Volleyball. 是女方在第4段 what about volleyball 才提的，且理由是社交和奖学金，不是男方、也不是为团队精神，纯属原词诱选），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 14 题：What is one of the woman's considerations in choosing a sport for her son? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 14 题是细节题，正确答案 C）The chances of getting an athletic scholarship later on。答案句出自录音「W: It's not as popular as some sports, which means he has better odds of possibly getting an athletic scholarship in the future」（女：它不像有些运动那么热门，这意味着他将来更有机会拿到体育奖学金），靠which means引出考量定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（getting an athletic scholarship in the future ↔ getting an athletic scholarship later on；better odds of possibly getting ↔ The chances of getting）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（The possibilities of joining the school sports team. 对应的"加入校队"是男方在第3段 join the school basketball team 提的，且针对篮球，不是女方选排球的考量，说话人和项目都错）；B 项属张冠李戴（The opportunities of winning some championships. 里的"赢冠军"出自男方第3段 winning a game or even a championship，是他讲团队运动好处时说的，与女方无关）；D 项属过度推断（The odds of becoming a professional sportsman someday. 盗用了女方原句里的 odds，又把"拿奖学金"夸大成"当职业运动员"，原文根本没说要走职业道路，是顺着 odds 往前多推了一步），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 15 题：What does the man say about beach volleyball? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 15 题是细节题，正确答案 A）It differs entirely from indoor volleyball。答案句出自录音「M: As I've said many times before, beach volleyball and indoor volleyball are completely different」（男：我之前说过很多次了，沙滩排球和室内排球是完全不一样的），靠强调句直接表态定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（beach volleyball and indoor volleyball are completely different ↔ It differs entirely from indoor volleyball.）。其余选项：B 项属张冠李戴（It appeals to both schoolgirls and schoolboys. 对应的"男女都参与"是女方第4段 he could socialize with both girls and boys 说普通排球时讲的，既不是男方、也不是评沙滩排球）；C 项属张冠李戴（It is less popular than indoor sports in the country. 化用了女方 not as popular as some sports，但那是女方评普通排球、且对比对象是"some sports"而非"室内运动"，说话人和内容都对不上）；D 项属偷换概念（It is completely different from other outdoor games. 几乎照搬男方的 completely different 句式，唯独把比较对象从"indoor volleyball（室内排球）"偷换成"other outdoor games（其他户外运动）"——男方比的是室内外排球，不是和别的户外项目比），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 16 题：What do we learn from the passage about the lift-off of spacecraft? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 16 题是细节题，正确答案 B）It does a lot of harm to the environment。答案句出自录音「Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes」（发射升空通常是任何太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段，几分钟内就有大量燃料被烧掉），靠篇章首句即点题定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the most environmentally harmful stage ↔ does a lot of harm to the environment）。其余选项：A 项（It usually requires years of preparations. 说发射"通常需要数年准备"，原文通篇没提准备时长，是凭"航天听起来很复杂"的常识臆造出来的）；C 项（It often burns over three hundred tonnes of refined fuel. 看似与原文 112 tonnes of refined fuel 对得上，但原文说的 112 吨是"精炼燃料"，336 吨是排放的 CO₂；选项把 over three hundred tonnes 安到了 refined fuel 头上，张冠李戴地偷换了数字。听到 three hundred 就选，正中陷阱）；D 项（It proves to be the most complicated stage of space missions. 盗用了原文的最高级框架 the most environmentally harmful stage，但把 harmful（有害）偷换成 complicated（复杂）。原文讲的是"危害最大"不是"最复杂"，听到 the most…stage 就选，会被这个偷换骗到），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 17 题：What happens traditionally to boosters, fuel tanks and other components in spaceflight? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 17 题是细节题，正确答案 D）They are treated as expendable。答案句出自录音「Traditionally, boosters, fuel tanks and other components are treated as expendable」（传统上，助推器、燃料箱和其他部件都被当作用完即弃的消耗品），靠限定词traditionally领出答案定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（treated as expendable ↔ They are treated as expendable.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（They are burnt up in outer space. 说部件"在外太空被烧毁"。原文第一段确有 fuel burnt up"燃料被烧掉"，但那是讲燃料、不是部件，更没说在外太空烧；这项盗用了 burnt up 的印象来骗人）；B 项（They are guided back to Earth. 对应原文 But guiding them back to Earth，但这是 But 转折之后讲的"新可能"，是与"传统"相对的现在做法；题干问的是 traditionally，选 B 等于把转折后的新情况当成了传统做法）；C 项属原词陷阱（They are reused up to 100 times. 直接搬了原文 can be reused up to 100 times，原词、数字都对，极具迷惑性；但那同样是 But 转折之后的新做法，不是 traditionally 的传统处理。听到 100 times 就选，正中原词陷阱），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 18 题：What does the passage say we already have regarding spaceflight? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 18 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Many of the technologies to limit the impact of space travel on Earth。答案句出自录音「But we already have many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet」（但我们已经拥有许多项所需的技术，可以开始限制太空旅行对地球的影响），靠尾段转折收束句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet ↔ Many of the technologies to limit the impact of space travel on Earth.）。其余选项：A 项（New technologies for bringing back space vehicles for recycling. 借用了第三段"回收复用"的印象（guiding them back to Earth、reused），但原文尾句说的是"已经拥有的 many of the technologies"，不是 new technologies；且"带回回收"只是文中一个细节，拿它冒充全文结论，以偏概全）；B 项属原词陷阱（The technology for meeting the needs of commercial space travel. 盗用了原文 commercial spaceflight"商业航天"这个词，但原文提它是说"商业航天兴起让问题更紧迫"，并非说"我们已有满足商业航天需求的技术"；这项把原词搬过来却换了说法，答非所问）；D 项属过度推断（The technology for effectively protecting ozone from being destroyed. 盗用了原文 emit particles that destroy ozone 里的 ozone"臭氧"，但原文只是说火箭排放粒子"会破坏臭氧"，根本没说我们"已有有效保护臭氧的技术"；这项把一个细节问题夸大成现成的单项技术，无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 19 题：What does research show about reading to a loyal and nonjudgmental companion? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 19 题是细节题，正确答案 B）It can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud。答案句出自录音「Research shows that reading to a loyal and nonjudgmental companion, such as a dog or cat, can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud, which will in turn boost their self-confidence」（研究表明，读给一个忠诚且不加评判的伙伴（比如一只狗或猫）听，能鼓励那些不情愿读书的孩子大声朗读，这反过来又会增强他们的自信），靠题干原词复现处即答案句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud ↔ It can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（A 项 help unskilled readers feel more secure 里的 secure 来自录音后一句 help children feel secure，但那句讲的是"有个伙伴倾诉感受"带来的安全感，不是"读给宠物听"的研究结果；而且录音说的是 reluctant readers（不情愿的读者），A 偷换成 unskilled readers（不熟练的读者））；C 项属偷换概念（C 项 strengthen children's confidence in others 借用了录音的 confidence，但录音说的是 boost their self-confidence（自信，对自己的信心），C 偷偷改成"对他人的信心（confidence in others）"，方向反了）；D 项属原词陷阱（D 项 boost children's interest in communication 的 communication 来自录音末句 develop communication skills，但那是"有人倾诉感受"的好处，不是"读给宠物听"的研究结果；而且录音说的是"发展沟通技能"，不是"提升沟通兴趣"），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 20 题：How can parents make pets a fantastic subject for their children's research and learning? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 20 题是细节题，正确答案 A）By motivating children to find out about their favourite pets。答案句出自录音「Parents can encourage their child to research their favourite pets at the library or during a supervised internet search」（父母可以鼓励孩子在图书馆或在有人监督的网络搜索中，去研究他们最喜欢的宠物），靠题干research落点处即答案句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（encourage their child to research their favourite pets ↔ motivating children to find out about their favourite pets）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（B 项 taking children to the library to borrow books on animals 盗用了录音的 library，但录音说的是 research their favourite pets at the library（在图书馆研究宠物），是"去图书馆查"，并非"带孩子去借书（borrow books）"，borrow books on animals 是录音没说的）；C 项属与原文相反（C 项 allowing children to surf the internet about pets by themselves 借用了录音的 internet，但录音原文是 a supervised internet search（有人监督的网络搜索），C 把它改成"让孩子自己（by themselves）上网"，恰恰与"有人监督"相反）；D 项属偷换概念（D 项 showing children how to acquire knowledge about healthy pets 把录音里 their favourite pets（最喜欢的宠物）偷换成 healthy pets（健康的宠物）；healthy 这个词出自录音别处 keeping their pet happy and healthy，被挪到这里制造干扰，且"研究主题"是 favourite pets 而非 healthy pets），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 21 题：How can children still benefit even when their family doesn't have a pet? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 21 题是细节题，正确答案 D）By visiting friends who have household pets。答案句出自录音「And of course, if a child doesn't have a pet in their own household, they can still benefit from all of the above when visiting a friend who does」（当然，如果一个孩子自己家里没有宠物，他们在拜访一位养宠物的朋友时，仍然能从上述所有方面获益），靠if加still的让步收尾句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（when visiting a friend who does ↔ By visiting friends who have household pets）。其余选项：A 项属答非所问（A 项 learning that raising pets can do much good 把录音的 benefit 含义改头换面，说成"懂得养宠物有好处"，但题干问的是"没养宠物时怎样仍能受益"，答案是"去拜访朋友"这个动作，A 只是泛泛重复"养宠物有益"的大主旨，答非所问）；B 项属原词陷阱（B 项 watching how healthy pets are brought up 借了录音多处出现的 healthy pet / bringing up，但录音从没说"观看（watching）宠物怎么养大"，这个动作是凭原词拼造出来的，并非没宠物时的受益途径）；C 项属未提及（C 项 hearing about their peers' passion for pets 里的 passion 来自录音第 3 段 their passion for learning flourishes，但那讲的是"孩子对学习的热情"，录音通篇没说"听同龄人（peers）讲他们对宠物的热情"，这个途径属于无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 22 题：What would the new bill in the Ohio legislature require public colleges and universities to do? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 22 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Send would-be students a packet of information。答案句出自录音「A new bill in the Ohio legislature would require state public colleges and universities to send prospective students a packet of information」（俄亥俄州议会的一项新法案将要求州立公立高校向准学生寄送一个信息包），靠信号是首句直陈"require…to send"定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（send prospective students a packet of information ↔ Send would-be students a packet of information.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（Update regularly all information on their websites. 借了原文末段确有的 provide similar information on their websites 里 websites、information 的影子，但法案要求的是 "寄信息包"，不是 "定期更新网站"，听到 website 就选会中招）；C 项属未提及（Inform prospective students of their yearly enrollment. 借用了 prospective students 这个原词，但信息包里列的是 costs of college, grants and scholarships 等，根本没有 "年度招生人数（yearly enrollment）"，属凭空添加的内容）；D 项属未提及（Answer questions raised by applicants and their parents. 听起来合理，但录音从头到尾说的是学校 "主动寄信息包"，没有 "回答申请者和家长提问" 这一动作，是想当然的添加），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 23 题：What can the state only do according to Adam Mathews? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 23 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Regulate public institutions by law。答案句出自录音「He notes that the state can only regulate public institutions in this way, but he hopes private institutions in Ohio follow the lead of the state and post similar information」（他指出，州只能以这种方式监管公立院校，但他希望俄亥俄的私立院校效仿州的做法、也发布类似信息），靠信号是带only的限定句+but转折定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the state can only regulate public institutions in this way ↔ Regulate public institutions by law.）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（Oversee private institutions directly. 抓的是 but 后面 private institutions in Ohio 这个词，但原文是 "只能管公立、私立只是希望它效仿"，把 "管公立" 偷换成 "直接管私立"，方向正好反）；B 项属张冠李戴（Follow other states' example. 里 follow…lead 听着像原文 follow the lead of the state，但原文是 "私立效仿本州"，不是 "本州效仿别的州"，且主语张冠李戴）；C 项属偷换概念（Supervise all schools consistently. 用 all schools 把范围扩到所有学校，但答案句明确 can only regulate public institutions，only 把范围卡死在公立，all 与 only 直接矛盾），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 24 题：What do we learn about Ohio's schools from the passage? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 24 题是细节题，正确答案 B）They are competitive。答案句出自录音「Ohio's schools are already competitive. The state attracts more undergraduate students than it sends to colleges out of state」（俄亥俄的学校已经很有竞争力了。该州吸引来的本科生比它送往外州读大学的还要多），靠信号是直陈定性句"are already competitive"定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Ohio's schools are already competitive ↔ They are competitive.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（They are resourceful. 的 resourceful（资源丰富）听着像也是夸学校的好词，但录音夸学校用的是 competitive，并没说 resourceful，是凭空换了个褒义词）；C 项属原词陷阱（They provide the best opportunity to realize one's dream. 整句几乎照搬第二段 give them the best opportunity to match their skills and their dreams，但原文那是议员说 "把信息摆给学生能给他们最好的机会"，主语是 "提供信息"，不是说学校本身就是 "实现梦想的最佳机会"，且本题问的是 "了解到学校什么"）；D 项属偷换概念（They appeal most to students from other states in the U.S. 借了第三段 attracts more undergraduate students than it sends to colleges out of state，但原文说的是 "吸引来的本科生比送出去的多"，并非 "对外州学生最有吸引力"，appeal most 是夸大且改了意思），均可排除。
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 25 题：What is the problem with schools providing information on their websites? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2024年12月第2套听力第 25 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Students have to search for the information。答案句出自录音「Many colleges and universities currently provide similar information on their websites. This includes tuition, fees, graduation rates and more. But students need to search for the information」（许多高校目前已在网站上提供类似信息，包括学费、各项收费、毕业率等等。但学生得自己去搜索这些信息），靠信号是But转折后的短板句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（students need to search for the information ↔ Students have to search for the information.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（Some students waste much time surfing the net. 借了 "网络" 的话题氛围，但原文只说学生 "得自己搜"，没说 "浪费很多时间上网"，waste much time 是凭空添加的）；B 项属原词陷阱（Students may need to visit too many websites. 抓住原文 on their websites 的 websites 一词，把 "得自己搜信息" 夸张成 "得访问太多网站"，原文从没说网站 too many）；D 项属未提及（Some students may lack adequate access. 说学生 "缺少足够渠道"，但原文的问题是 "信息在网上、得自己去搜"，并不是 "上不了网/没渠道"，access 这层意思原文没有），均可排除。