2024年12月·第2套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What do people believe chocolates can do? 问的是巧克力能干什么这一具体功能，没有 infer/imply/mainly 等信号词。

题干主干 What do people believe chocolates can do? 是一个嵌套宾语从句的特殊疑问句：What 是 do 的宾语，people 是主语，believe 后跟省略 that 的宾语从句 chocolates can do (what)。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • delight us in an instant↔Cheer them up instantly

  「瞬间让人开心」的预判与 Cheer them up instantly 在语义上完全重合，无差量，直接锁定。

• B)偷换概念识别

  Create happy calories 把原文 channelling happy calories inside us 中「输送/导入愉快卡路里」当成「创造卡路里」，把比喻动作偷换成 create。

• C)与原文相反识别

  原文是 They comfort us in times of trouble——「安抚」情绪，而 Conceal emotional distress 说「隐藏」情绪，安抚≠隐藏，意思相反。

• D)过度推断识别

  原文 calming down a racing heart 是比喻「让狂跳的心平静下来」，而 Relieve them of heart trouble 把 racing heart 强行解为「心脏疾病」并把 calming down 换成 relieve…of，属于过度推断。

What was scientists' recent assertion about chocolates? 问的是科学家断言的具体内容，原文中可定位一句即可作答。

题干 What was scientists' recent assertion about chocolates? 是 What…be 句型，主语 scientists' recent assertion 由所有格 + 形容词 + 名词构成，about chocolates 是后置介词短语修饰 assertion。结构简单，无陷阱。

• A)过度推断识别

  They could become a rare treat in the near future 说巧克力会变成「稀有美食」，但原文是 extinct（灭绝/绝种），不是 rare（稀少），属于程度上的过度推断与偷换。

• B)答非所问识别

  They could calm people down a bit in times of crisis 描述的是巧克力的安抚功能，是首段的内容；题干问的是「科学家最近的断言」，不在第一段范围内。

• C)与原文相反识别

  They could prevent people from getting heartbroken 利用 chocolate lovers were heartbroken 中的 heartbroken 反向拼凑，把「伤心」错改为「防止伤心」，与原文方向完全相反。

• D)✓ 正确
  • they can become extinct by 2050↔They could become unavailable in less than 30 years

  「2050 年前灭绝」的预判与 They could become unavailable in less than 30 years 完全重合，时间值与「灭绝/不可得」均对得上。

What would happen if the cacao farms were shifted to cooler mountainous areas? 是 if 条件下的客观结果，可直接到原文条件句中找到表述。

题干 What would happen if the cacao farms were shifted to cooler mountainous areas? 是 What + 虚拟条件句：主句 what would happen 用 would，从句 were shifted 是被动语态，整体表达「假设农场被迁走，会发生什么」。要注意 were shifted 是被动结构，主体是农场而非农民。

• A)✓ 正确
  • cooler mountainous areas, which are the natural habitat of wildlife↔The natural habitat of wildlife there would be ruined
  • whether to grow chocolate or save wildlife↔would be ruined

  「侵占并破坏野生动物栖息地」的预判与 The natural habitat of wildlife there would be ruined 完全重合。

• B)无中生有识别

  The cacao farmers would have a tough time to adapt 谈的是「农民适应困难」，原文从未提及农民的适应问题，纯属编造。

• C)答非所问识别

  The rainforests would be shrinking dramatically 谈的是雨林萎缩，但题干问的是「农场迁到凉爽山区之后」，迁出地（雨林）的变化并不是题干问的「会发生什么」的核心后果，且原文未说雨林会因此显著萎缩。

• D)无中生有识别

  The quality of cocoa beans would suffer greatly 说可可豆质量会大幅下降，原文从未谈及「质量」问题，只提到产量（yields）下降；属于无中生有。

What do we learn about the cacao farms in the crisis of global warming? 问的是文中告诉我们的客观事实，可在原文找一句直接陈述。

题干 What do we learn about the cacao farms in the crisis of global warming? 主干为 What do we learn about Y，about 后接 the cacao farms in the crisis of global warming，in 引导的介词短语充当 farms 的处境状语。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有识别

  They try to seek help from gene-editing scientists 说农场主动求助科学家，原文第五、六段是科学家自己在研究、不是农场求助，属无中生有。

• B)时态偷换识别

  They decide to move to cooler mountainous areas 把原文第三段 will then have to be shifted 这一未来「将不得不被迁」错读为已经「决定迁移」，时态与主动性都被改了。

• C)✓ 正确
  • had a serious negative impact on cacao farms' yields↔They have suffered a lot due to a decrease in produce

  「农场产量受严重负面影响」的预判与 They have suffered a lot due to a decrease in produce 在语义上一致；C 把「产量下滑」前移为原因，更贴合题干「What do we learn about the cacao farms」的视角。

• D)与原文相反识别

  They have benefited by raising prices of cocoa beans 说农场因涨价获益，但原文是「产量下降→巧克力价格飙升」，价格飙升是消极后果而非农场获益；属与原文相反。

What are scientists trying to do in the University of California's new bio-sciences building? 问的是科学家在特定地点的具体行动，可在原文末段直接找到。

题干 What are scientists trying to do in the University of California's new bio-sciences building? 是 What + 进行时疑问句：trying to do 表达科学家此刻正努力做某事，in 引导的地点状语限定场景。结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)答非所问识别

  Build rows of refrigerated greenhouses for research on cacao seedlings 把原文 tiny green cacao seedlings are lined up in refrigerated greenhouses 中的「冷藏温室」错读为科学家在「建造温室」，但温室只是已有的实验环境，不是科学家正在做的目的。

• B)✓ 正确
  • make tiny, precise changes to the DNA of the seedlings↔Gene-edit cacao seedlings
  • to make the cocoa crops survive in warmer and drier climates↔for them to withstand a drier, warmer climate

  「基因编辑可可种苗 + 让其耐暖耐旱」的预判与 Gene-edit cacao seedlings for them to withstand a drier, warmer climate 在两个语义成分上都重合。

• C)过度推断识别

  Produce chocolates with the latest gene-editing technology 把目标直接定为「生产巧克力」，但原文目的是先改造种苗使可可作物耐气候，距离「生产巧克力」还有多步，属过度推断。

• D)无中生有识别

  Transplant the genes of tougher plants to cacao seedlings 说把更耐性强植物的基因移植到可可种苗，原文只说对种苗 DNA 做精细修改，未提「移植其他物种基因」，属无中生有。