EXAM · 来自 英语四级阅读理解(四选一) · 2026 年 6 月 · 第 1 套 · 第 2 篇(51–55 题)

2026年6月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

本页是 2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 的真题与解析页 —— 7 段共 350 词的英文原文(逐段附中文翻译、段首标 P1–P7 段号),之后 5 道原题逐题排列,每题英文题干与选项后紧接本题解析(题干与选项中译 / 答案 / 题型判定 / 题干拆句 / 定位句中英对照 / 逐选项对错归因);题型构成 细节题 4 题 · 推断题 1 题,答案分布 A 2 题 / B 1 题 / C 1 题 / D 1 题。

QUESTIONS & ANALYSIS · 阅读理解题和解析

阅读理解题和解析 · 51–55 题

本页 51–55 题的答案与逐题解析由懒笔记基于2026年6月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解(四选一)原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面:先是 Directions 与 7 段原文(段首标 P1–P7 段号、逐段附中文翻译);之后 5 道题逐题排列,每题英文题干与选项后紧接本题解析——题干与选项中译、答案、题型判定、题干拆句、定位句中英对照与逐选项对错归因。

真题卷第1套(2026-06) • 英语四级
Part Ⅲ Section C (2)
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
P1It is still controversial whether we are fundamentally generous or selfish and whether these tendencies are shaped by our genes or environment.

关于我们从根本上说是慷慨还是自私,以及这些倾向是由我们的基因还是环境塑造的,目前仍存在争议。

P2Some evidence points to humans being born cooperative. At later stages in life we routinely work together to reach goals and help out in times of need.

一些证据表明,人类生来就具有合作倾向。在生命的后期阶段,我们通常会共同努力实现目标,并在他人有需要时提供帮助。

P3Yet instances of selfish behavior are also plenty. One recent study tested people's willingness to set aside selfish interests to reach a greater good. It found that being selfish was more advantageous than cooperating. The benefit may be short-lived, however. Another study showed that players who cooperated did better in the long run.

然而,自私行为的例子也比比皆是。最近的一项研究测试了人们为了实现更大的共同利益而搁置自私利益的意愿。研究发现,自私比合作更有利。不过,这种好处可能是短暂的。另一项研究表明,从长远来看,进行合作的参与者表现得更好。

P4It seems that human nature supports both pro-social and selfish traits(特征). Genetic studies have made some progress toward identifying their biological roots. By comparing identical twins, who share nearly 100 percent of their genes, and non-identical twins, who share about half, researchers have found overwhelming evidence for genetic effects on behaviors. In these twin studies, identical and non-identical twins are asked, for example, to split a sum of money with a peer. Such studies often also rely on careful psychological assessments and DNA analysis.

看来,人性同时支持亲社会特征和自私特征。遗传学研究已经在确定这些特征的生物学根源方面取得了一些进展。通过比较基因几乎百分之百相同的同卵双胞胎和基因约有一半相同的异卵双胞胎,研究人员发现了行为受遗传因素影响的压倒性证据。在这些双胞胎研究中,研究人员会要求同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎,例如,将一笔钱分给一名同伴。这类研究通常还依赖于严谨的心理评估和DNA分析。

P5Other work highlights specific genes as key players. My colleagues and I recently identified a gene linked to altruistic(利他的) behavior and found that a particular variant of it was associated with more selfish behavior in preschoolers.

其他研究则强调了某些具体基因所发挥的关键作用。我的同事和我最近发现了一个与利他行为有关的基因,并发现该基因的某一特定变体与学龄前儿童更自私的行为有关。

P6According to evolutionary scientists, cooperative behavior may have evolved first among relatives to promote the continuation of their genetic line. As communities diversified, mutual support could have broadened to include individuals not linked by blood. Another possibility is that humans cooperate to gain some advantage, such as boosting reputation. Finally, evolutionary processes take place at the group level. Groups of highly cooperative individuals have higher chances of survival because they can work together to reach goals that are unattainable to less cooperative groups.

根据进化科学家的观点,合作行为可能首先在亲属之间进化出来,以促进其遗传谱系的延续。随着群体日益多样化,相互支持可能扩大到包括没有血缘关系的个体。另一种可能性是,人类通过合作来获得某种优势,例如提升声誉。最后,进化过程也会发生在群体层面。高度合作的个体组成的群体具有更高的生存机会,因为他们能够共同实现那些合作程度较低的群体无法实现的目标。

P7Yet almost no behavior is entirely genetic, even among identical twins. Culture, schooling and parenting are important determinants of cooperation. Thus, the degree to which we act cooperatively or selfishly is unique to each individual and depends on a variety of genetic and environmental influences.

然而,几乎没有任何行为完全由遗传决定,即使是在同卵双胞胎之间也是如此。文化、学校教育和父母养育方式都是影响合作的重要因素。因此,我们表现得合作或自私的程度因人而异,并取决于多种遗传和环境因素的影响。

题目与逐题解析

51.
What is the finding of one recent study about being selfish?
A)It may bring certain benefits in the short term.
B)It usually yields more disadvantages than advantages.
C)It serves individual interest rather than a collective's.
D)It may give way to cooperating in the long run.

最近一项关于自私行为的研究发现了什么?

  • A) 短期内可能带来某些好处。
  • B) 通常弊大于利。
  • C) 满足个人利益而非集体利益。
  • D) 长期来看可能让位于合作。
【答案】
A(细节题)
【判型】

题干What is the finding of ...?直接询问某研究的客观结论,属于对文中具体信息的查找。

【拆句】

题干What is the finding of one recent study about being selfish?是主系表特殊疑问句:What(表语)+ is(系动词)+ the finding of one recent study about being selfish(主语),整体询问关于 being selfish 的研究发现。

【定位】
P3

One recent study tested people's willingness to set aside selfish interests to reach a greater good. It found that being selfish was more advantageous than cooperating. The benefit may be short-lived, however.

一项近期研究测试了人们是否愿意搁置自私利益以实现更大的善。研究发现,自私比合作更有利。然而,这种好处可能是短暂的。

【选项】
  • A)✓ 正确
    • being selfish was more advantageous than cooperatingbring certain benefits
    • The benefit may be short-lived, however.in the short term

    It may bring certain benefits in the short term.把原文的'more advantageous'和'short-lived'分别同义替换为'bring certain benefits'和'in the short term',且保留了may的委婉语气。

  • B)与原文相反

    It usually yields more disadvantages than advantages.与原文'being selfish was more advantageous than cooperating'直接矛盾。

  • C)偷换概念

    It serves individual interest rather than a collective's.把实验设计中的'selfish interests'和'greater good'篡改为研究结论,但原文并未说研究发现自私服务于个人而非集体。

  • D)张冠李戴

    It may give way to cooperating in the long run.借用了原文'in the long run',但把'players who cooperated did better in the long run'说成'selfish may give way to cooperating',改变了主语与语义。

52.
What have researchers found by studying identical and non-identical twins?
A)They are overwhelmingly different in the amounts of genes.
B)One's behavior is largely determined by their genetic traits.
C)One's biological roots can be identified by their genes.
D)They differ from each other in their behavior patterns.

研究人员通过研究同卵和异卵双胞胎发现了什么?

  • A) 两者在基因数量上存在极大差异。
  • B) 一个人的行为在很大程度上由其遗传特征决定。
  • C) 一个人的生物学根源可以通过其基因确定。
  • D) 他们在行为模式上彼此不同。
【答案】
B(细节题)
【判型】

题干What have researchers found ...?询问研究人员的具体发现,属于细节题。

【拆句】

题干What have researchers found by studying identical and non-identical twins?是what引导的特殊疑问句,主语researchers,谓语have found,by studying...twins为方式状语,询问通过双胞胎研究得到的发现。

【定位】
P4

By comparing identical twins, who share nearly 100 percent of their genes, and non-identical twins, who share about half, researchers have found overwhelming evidence for genetic effects on behaviors.

通过比较基因几乎100%相同的同卵双胞胎和约一半基因相同的异卵双胞胎,研究人员发现了行为受基因影响的压倒性证据。

【选项】
  • A)偷换概念

    They are overwhelmingly different in the amounts of genes.将原文对双胞胎基因共享比例的客观描述改写成研究结论,且改变了比较对象。

  • B)✓ 正确
    • genetic effects on behaviorsbehavior is largely determined by their genetic traits
    • overwhelming evidencelargely determined

    One's behavior is largely determined by their genetic traits.是'overwhelming evidence for genetic effects on behaviors'的同义概括,'largely'与'overwhelming'在程度上对应。

  • C)偷换概念

    One's biological roots can be identified by their genes.中的'biological roots'来自本段背景句,而'can be identified'夸大了研究进展,不是双胞胎研究的直接发现。

  • D)无中生有

    They differ from each other in their behavior patterns.在原文没有对应信息,原文关注的是基因对行为的影响,而非双胞胎行为模式之间的差异。

53.
What did the author and colleagues identify in their recent research?
A)A gene-related selfish behavior in preschool children.
B)Key factors that determine one's altruistic behavior.
C)A specific gene associated with altruistic behavior.
D)Roles played by genes in shaping one's character.

作者及其同事在最近的研究中发现了什么?

  • A) 学龄前儿童一种与基因相关的自私行为。
  • B) 决定一个人利他行为的关键因素。
  • C) 一种与利他行为相关的特定基因。
  • D) 基因在塑造一个人的性格方面所发挥的作用。
【答案】
C(细节题)
【判型】

题干What did the author and colleagues identify ...?询问具体识别出的内容,属于细节题。

【拆句】

题干What did the author and colleagues identify in their recent research?是what引导的特殊疑问句,主语the author and colleagues,谓语did...identify,in their recent research为范围状语,询问近期研究中识别出的对象。

【定位】
P5

My colleagues and I recently identified a gene linked to altruistic(利他的) behavior and found that a particular variant of it was associated with more selfish behavior in preschoolers.

我和我的同事最近识别出一种与利他行为相关的基因,并发现它的某种变体与学龄前儿童的自私行为有关。

【选项】
  • A)以偏概全

    A gene-related selfish behavior in preschool children.只截取了定位句后半句,忽略了作者首先'identified a gene linked to altruistic behavior'这一核心对象。

  • B)过度推断

    Key factors that determine one's altruistic behavior.用复数'Key factors'和'determine',把原文仅识别的一个基因及其关联上升为决定利他行为的多个关键因素,过度推断。

  • C)✓ 正确
    • identified a gene linked to altruistic(利他的) behaviorA specific gene associated with altruistic behavior.
    • a geneA specific gene

    A specific gene associated with altruistic behavior.将'identified'转换为'associated','a gene'具体化为'a specific gene',其余成分一致。

  • D)过度推断

    Roles played by genes in shaping one's character.用'shaping one's character'替换了原文'altruistic behavior',并把范围扩大到'genes in shaping character',属于上位的过度泛化。

54.
What do we learn from evolutionary scientists about cooperative behavior?
A)It may have initially originated in individuals linked by blood.
B)It may have caused the diversification of communities.
C)It helps to build relationships among blood-related people.
D)It guarantees the achievement of goals otherwise unattainable.

关于合作行为,进化科学家告诉了我们什么?

  • A) 它最初可能起源于有血缘关系的个体之间。
  • B) 它可能导致了群体的多样化。
  • C) 它有助于在有血缘关系的人之间建立关系。
  • D) 它保证实现原本无法实现的目标。
【答案】
A(细节题)
【判型】

题干What do we learn from evolutionary scientists about ...?要求获取进化科学家的具体观点,属于细节题。

【拆句】

题干What do we learn from evolutionary scientists about cooperative behavior?是what引导的特殊疑问句,'do we learn from evolutionary scientists'为谓语部分,'about cooperative behavior'限定讨论对象。

【定位】
P6

According to evolutionary scientists, cooperative behavior may have evolved first among relatives to promote the continuation of their genetic line.

根据进化科学家的观点,合作行为可能首先在亲属之间演化,以促进其基因谱系的延续。

【选项】
  • A)✓ 正确
    • cooperative behavior may have evolved first among relativesIt may have initially originated in individuals linked by blood.
    • may have evolvedmay have initially originated

    It may have initially originated in individuals linked by blood.将'relatives'替换为'individuals linked by blood',将'evolved first'替换为'initially originated',且保留了'may'。

  • B)偷换概念

    It may have caused the diversification of communities.将原文'As communities diversified, mutual support could have broadened'中的时间伴随关系改写成因果关系。

  • C)偷换概念

    It helps to build relationships among blood-related people.把原文'promote the continuation of their genetic line'改写为'build relationships among blood-related people',从'基因延续'变为'建立关系',改变了目的。

  • D)过度推断

    It guarantees the achievement of goals otherwise unattainable.用'guarantees'替换了原文'higher chances'和'can work together'中的可能性,属于程度上的过度推断。

55.
What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A)Cooperative behavior is evident among identical twins.
B)One is born either cooperative or non-cooperative.
C)Genes determine one's tendency to cooperate.
D)Cooperative behavior may be cultivated.

我们可以从最后一段推断出什么?

  • A) 同卵双胞胎之间存在合作行为。
  • B) 一个人天生就是合作的或不合作的。
  • C) 基因决定一个人合作的倾向。
  • D) 合作行为可以后天培养。
【答案】
D(推断题)
【判型】

题干What can we infer from the last paragraph?中的infer表明需要从末段信息推导出言外之意。

【拆句】

题干What can we infer from the last paragraph?是what引导的特殊疑问句,'can we infer'表示推断,'from the last paragraph'限定推断范围。

【定位】
P7

Yet almost no behavior is entirely genetic, even among identical twins. Culture, schooling and parenting are important determinants of cooperation. Thus, the degree to which we act cooperatively or selfishly is unique to each individual and depends on a variety of genetic and environmental influences.

然而,几乎没有行为是完全由基因决定的,即使在同卵双胞胎中也是如此。文化、学校教育以及养育方式是合作的重要决定因素。因此,我们表现出合作或自私的程度因人而异,并取决于多种基因和环境影响。

【选项】
  • A)无中生有

    Cooperative behavior is evident among identical twins.在末段没有对应信息,原文只说'almost no behavior is entirely genetic, even among identical twins',并未讨论同卵双胞胎中合作行为是否明显。

  • B)与原文相反

    One is born either cooperative or non-cooperative.用'either...or'表达先天固定二分,与原文'depends on a variety of genetic and environmental influences'及'unique to each individual'相矛盾。

  • C)与原文相反

    Genes determine one's tendency to cooperate.只看见'genetic'却忽略了'not entirely genetic'和'environmental influences',属于抓半句的相反理解。

  • D)✓ 正确
    • Culture, schooling and parenting are important determinants of cooperation.Cooperative behavior may be cultivated.
    • depends on a variety of genetic and environmental influencesmay be cultivated

    Cooperative behavior may be cultivated.把'Culture, schooling and parenting are important determinants'概括为'may be cultivated',没有超出原文范围。

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VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布

全文 0 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖

全文去重后共 0 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 0 个 · 约 0%。

每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为全文去重词 0 个 · 末柱为 100%
去重总词数
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FAQ · 关于本篇的常见问题

常见问题

围绕本篇的答案、来源、题型、定位、词汇难度与逐题解析,逐条给出可核对的答案。

2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇(51–55 题)的答案分别是什么?
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 共 5 道四选一选择题,题号 51–55,标准答案依次为 51 A · 52 B · 53 C · 54 A · 55 D。答案分布为 A 2 题 / B 1 题 / C 1 题 / D 1 题。单篇样本量小,分布不代表答题规律。
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 的文章选自哪里?
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 的阅读原文节选自 《科学美国人》杂志2018年10月29日发表的一篇题为"Are humans inherently selfish or generous?"的文章。
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 考查了哪几类题型?
按逐题考点判定,2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 的 5 道题为:细节题 4 题 · 推断题 1 题。
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 每道题的答案对应原文第几段?
按定位句所在段落:51 题定位第 3 段;52 题定位第 4 段;53 题定位第 5 段;54 题定位第 6 段;55 题定位第 7 段。
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 的词汇难度如何?
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 全文去重后共 0 个单词,按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖:A1 及以下约 0%、A2 及以下约 0%、B1 及以下约 0%、B2 及以下约 0%,B2 以上(C1/C2)难词共 0 个、约占 0%。
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 51. What is the finding of one recent study about being selfish? 答案是什么?为什么选 A?
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 第 51 题是细节题,正确答案 A)It may bring certain benefits in the short term. 定位句在第 3 段:一项近期研究测试了人们是否愿意搁置自私利益以实现更大的善。研究发现,自私比合作更有利。然而,这种好处可能是短暂的。正确项与原文构成同义替换(being selfish was more advantageous than cooperating ↔ bring certain benefits;The benefit may be short-lived, however. ↔ in the short term)。其余三项中,B 项属与原文相反、C 项属偷换概念、D 项属张冠李戴,均可排除。
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 52. What have researchers found by studying identical and non-identical twins? 答案是什么?为什么选 B?
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 第 52 题是细节题,正确答案 B)One's behavior is largely determined by their genetic traits. 定位句在第 4 段:通过比较基因几乎100%相同的同卵双胞胎和约一半基因相同的异卵双胞胎,研究人员发现了行为受基因影响的压倒性证据。正确项与原文构成同义替换(genetic effects on behaviors ↔ behavior is largely determined by their genetic traits;overwhelming evidence ↔ largely determined)。其余三项中,A 项属偷换概念、C 项属偷换概念、D 项属无中生有,均可排除。
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 53. What did the author and colleagues identify in their recent research? 答案是什么?为什么选 C?
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 第 53 题是细节题,正确答案 C)A specific gene associated with altruistic behavior. 定位句在第 5 段:我和我的同事最近识别出一种与利他行为相关的基因,并发现它的某种变体与学龄前儿童的自私行为有关。正确项与原文构成同义替换(identified a gene linked to altruistic(利他的) behavior ↔ A specific gene associated with altruistic behavior.;a gene ↔ A specific gene)。其余三项中,A 项属以偏概全、B 项属过度推断、D 项属过度推断,均可排除。
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 54. What do we learn from evolutionary scientists about cooperative behavior? 答案是什么?为什么选 A?
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 第 54 题是细节题,正确答案 A)It may have initially originated in individuals linked by blood. 定位句在第 6 段:根据进化科学家的观点,合作行为可能首先在亲属之间演化,以促进其基因谱系的延续。正确项与原文构成同义替换(cooperative behavior may have evolved first among relatives ↔ It may have initially originated in individuals linked by blood.;may have evolved ↔ may have initially originated)。其余三项中,B 项属偷换概念、C 项属偷换概念、D 项属过度推断,均可排除。
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 55. What can we infer from the last paragraph? 答案是什么?为什么选 D?
2026年6月英语四级真题第1套 阅读理解(四选一) 第 2 篇 第 55 题是推断题,正确答案 D)Cooperative behavior may be cultivated. 定位句在第 7 段:然而,几乎没有行为是完全由基因决定的,即使在同卵双胞胎中也是如此。文化、学校教育以及养育方式是合作的重要决定因素。因此,我们表现出合作或自私的程度因人而异,并取决于多种基因和环境影响。正确项与原文构成同义替换(Culture, schooling and parenting are important determinants of cooperation. ↔ Cooperative behavior may be cultivated.;depends on a variety of genetic and environmental influences ↔ may be cultivated)。其余三项中,A 项属无中生有、B 项属与原文相反、C 项属与原文相反,均可排除。

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