2021年6月英语六级第2套真题句子解析： "The fire at Notre Dame reminds us that we will always have challenges to overcome," Macron said, "Notre Dame is our history, our literature, the centre of our life. It is the standard by which we measure our distances. It's so many books, so many paintings. It's the cathedral of every French person, even those who have never visited it. This history is ours and so we will rebuild Notre Dame. It is what the French people expect; it is what our history deserves. It is our deep destiny. We will rebuild Notre Dame so it is even more beautiful than before. I want it done in the next five years. We can do it. After the time of testing comes a time of reflection and then of action."

remind sb that... (固定结构)

reminds us that

“remind sb of sth / that...” 是一个极其高频的固定搭配，意为“提醒某人某事”或“使某人想起某事”。在本句中，宾语 “us” 后面接由 “that” 引导的宾语从句（此处不讨论从句本身，只讨论 “remind” 的搭配用法），表示“圣母院的大火提醒着我们，我们总有需要克服的挑战”。这个结构常用于引出某种警示、启示或回忆。

• ✓ The fire reminds us of our vulnerability. / The fire reminds us that we are vulnerable. ✗ The fire reminds us our vulnerability.

have... to overcome (不定式作后置定语搭配)

have challenges to overcome

“have + 名词 + to do” 结构中，动词不定式 “to overcome” 充当名词 “challenges” 的后置定语。由于不定式的动作发出者通常是句子的主语 “we”，且 “challenges” 是 “overcome” 的逻辑宾语，因此这里使用主动形式 “to overcome” 表达被动含义。整个结构意为“有需要去克服的挑战”。

• ✓ We have some challenges to overcome. ✗ We have some challenges to be overcome by us. 虽然被动形式 to be overcome 语法上也通，但在表示“有某事要做”时，主动形式 to do 更为地道、常用。

want sth done (want + 过去分词作宾补)

want it done

“want sth done” 是一种非常地道的口语和书面语表达，表示“希望某事被完成”。其中 “it” 指代上文提及的重建圣母院的工作，过去分词 “done” 充当宾语补足语，与宾语 “it” 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。这种结构比起 “I want to do it” 更加强调“结果的达成”而非“动作的执行过程”。

• ✓ I want the project completed by Friday. ✗ I want the project complete by Friday.

by which we measure (介词 + 关系代词引导词义限制)

the standard by which we measure our distances

在 “the standard by which...” 中，介词 “by” 与关系代词 “which” 结合，用以限定 “standard”。之所以使用介词 “by”，是因为其对应的常态动词搭配为 “measure... by a standard”（通过某种标准来衡量……）。在正式文体中，介词通常会提前到关系代词之前。这句话的文学隐喻极强，指圣母院是法国人衡量彼此距离（即凝聚力、认同感）的“标尺”。

so that 省略 that (目的/结果状语表达)

so it is even more beautiful than before

这里的 “so” 实际上是 “so that” 的省略形式，在此处引导一个目的状语，表示“为了让它比以前更美丽”。在口语或非正式的书面语中，“that” 经常被省略。识别这一省略对于理解 Macron 重建圣母院的决心和目的至关重要。

完全倒装句 (Full Inversion)

After the time of testing comes a time of reflection and then of action

这句话使用了完全倒装句式。其正常语序应为 “A time of reflection and then (a time) of action comes after the time of testing”。为了起到强调、平衡句子结构以及使衔接更紧凑的效果，介词短语 “After the time of testing” 被置于句首，动词 “comes” 直接放到了主语之前。这里的 “testing” 隐喻“考验、磨难”。

• ✓ After the storm comes the rainbow. ✗ After the storm the rainbow comes.

testing (熟词僻义/隐喻)

the time of testing

“testing” 在此处并非指日常的“考试”或“测试”，而是指“严峻的考验、艰难的时期”（a difficult situation that reveals how strong, deep, etc. something is）。“the time of testing” 指圣母院遭遇大火这一给法国国家和人民带来巨大悲痛和考验的时刻。

even those who (让步/递进代词指代)

even those who have never visited it

“those” 是代词，指代前文的 “French person”。通过副词 “even”（甚至）和定语限制，产生了一种极强的递进和排他后的包容效果，意在强调圣母院作为法国精神图腾的普遍性——不仅是常去的人，连“从未去过的人”也将它视为精神殿堂。这种用法在议论文和演讲中极具说服力。