2019年6月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage 指向文中关于誓约的具体陈述，要求基于原文做合理转述，而非整体推断。

What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage 主干是 What can we learn，about 短语限定学到的对象，from the passage 指明信息来源；结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband—becomes seriously ill↔They may not guarantee a lasting marriage
  • couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health↔lasting marriage

  预判要点是"婚誓不一定兑现"，They may not guarantee a lasting marriage 中 may not 对应实然失效，guarantee a lasting marriage 对应婚誓承诺，整句与预判完全对位。

• B)与原文相反

  They are as binding as they used to be 称婚誓"像过去一样有约束力"，与 But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises 揭示的"约束力不足"截然相反。

• C)过度推断

  They are not taken seriously any more 把"婚誓未必兑现"夸张为"完全不被认真对待"，原文 P1 并未说人们不重视婚誓，只说离婚风险上升。

• D)与原文相反

  They may help couples tide over hard times 称婚誓能帮助夫妻渡过难关，与 But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband—becomes seriously ill 揭示的"妻子重病时反而易离婚"完全相反。

What did Karraker and co\-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands 直接问研究发现，属对原文事实的转述题。

What did Karraker and co\-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands 一般疑问句，find 后接 about + 对象；about 引出考察对象，注意发现的主体是 husbands。

• A)无中生有

  They are generally not good at taking care of themselves 评价丈夫"不善自我照护"，P4 全段未提及照护能力，P6 谈的是"照顾配偶"而非"自我照护"。

• B)偷换概念

  They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses 把 more husbands than wives（与妻子相比的对比）偷换成 increasingly（随时间加剧）的程度推进；原句只比较了性别，并未单论丈夫"越来越易病"。

• C)答非所问

  They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives 强调"跟妻子一样患各种病"，回避了 more husbands than wives 的比较方向；题问的是丈夫相对于妻子的差异，而非相同点。

• D)✓ 正确
  • more husbands than wives developing serious health problems↔They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives
  • serious health problems↔serious illnesses

  预判"丈夫患严重病比妻子多"，They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives 完整保留 more...than wives 的方向与对象，是定位句的标准同义替换。

What does Karraker say about women who fall ill 指向 Karraker 直接表态的那一句，对原句做同义转述即可。

What does Karraker say about women who fall ill 中 who fall ill 是修饰 women 的定语从句，限定范围为患病女性；句子结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  They are more likely to be widowed 改自 They're more likely to be widowed，但那一句对应的是"女性双重脆弱"中的另一面——丧偶情境，与题干限定的 women who fall ill（自己生病）不匹配。

• B)✓ 正确
  • if they're the ones who become ill, they're more likely to get divorced↔They are more likely to get divorced

  预判"她们更易被离婚"与 They are more likely to get divorced 几乎逐词对位，是原文主句的直接抽取。

• C)无中生有

  They are less likely to receive good care 称患病女性不易获得良好照护，P5 整段未提到照护质量；P6 只谈男性难以提供照护，并未推出"妻子因此得不到好照护"。

• D)无中生有

  They are less likely to bother their spouses 表述"她们不愿打扰配偶"，P5 完全没有涉及女性是否会因病打扰配偶的描写，属脑补出来的关怀心理。

Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker 用 according to + 人名 把原因限定到 Karraker 在文中给出的具体解释，仍属对原句的同义转述。

Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker 形式主语句 it is more difficult for men to do sth；according to Karraker 限定信息源；注意 men 是"照顾者"，sick spouses 才是"被照顾者"，方向不能反。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses↔They are more accustomed to receiving care
  • Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving↔more accustomed to receiving care

  预判要点是"性别规范让男性不习惯当照护者"，They are more accustomed to receiving care 正是该规范在男性身上的具体体现，与因果推导一步到位。

• B)无中生有

  They find it more important to make money for the family 称男性认为"养家更重要"，P6 全段未提男性在赚钱与照护之间的权衡。

• C)偷换概念

  They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations 把 social expectations about caregiving（关于照护的社会期待）偷换成 fulfill their social obligations（履行社会义务）；前者是社会对男女照护角色的预期，后者是工作/公共事务责任，并非同义。

• D)无中生有

  They expect society to do more of the job 称男性"期待社会承担更多"，P6 只描述男性受社会规范影响而不擅照护，并未提到男性主动把照护责任推给社会。

What does Karraker think is also important 让考生定位到 Karraker 提出的第二件重要事，本质仍是对原文一句话的同义转述。

What does Karraker think is also important 中 think 后省略 that 引导的从句"(that) X is also important"，即"Karraker 认为还有什么也是重要的"；理解关键是"also"暗含"除前文已说之外"。

• A)偷换概念

  Reducing marital stress on wives 把 Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress 中的"承担照护的配偶（含男女）"偷换成"妻子"；原文 reduce marital stress 的对象是照护者，不专指妻子。

• B)答非所问

  Stabilizing old couples' relations 概括为"稳定老年夫妻关系"，对应的是 prevent divorce at older ages 的整体目标，并不是 But also 之后所强调的"也重要的事"；题干 also important 要的是 But 之后的第二件事。

• C)✓ 正确
  • sick ex\-wives may need additional care and services↔Providing extra care for divorced women
  • additional care and services↔extra care
  • sick ex\-wives↔divorced women

  预判"给离异病妻额外照护"，Providing extra care for divorced women 从供给侧把原文需求句完整改写，是定位句的标准同义替换。

• D)无中生有

  Making men pay for their wives' health costs 称要让男性承担妻子的医疗费，P8 仅提到 increased health costs，并未指明由男性承担。