2020年9月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

题干 What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people? 用 What 直问作者所述的某种不利影响，是对原文事实信息的复述，不要求推理。

What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people? 主干其实是 What may have an adverse impact on people（什么会对人产生不利影响），中间的 the author say 是插入说明「作者所说的」。考生若把 say 误当作主干动词，就会读不通；记住「主语+情态动词 have+宾语」才是句子骨架。

• A)偷换概念

  Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty（为了美而整形）只是 plastic surgery 在引子段被列举的现象之一，原文没说「整形」本身有 dark side，而是说「试图迎合完美形象」才有。

• B)偷换概念

  Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models 偷偷把原文的 images（形象、外貌）替换成 lifestyles（生活方式），与原文 images of "perfect" models and movie heroes 强调的是「外貌形象」而非生活方式不符。

• C)无中生有

  Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost 的 regardless of financial cost（不计经济成本）在原文里没有依据；It also has a financial cost 只是说「同时也产生经济成本」，并非「不计成本」。

• D)✓ 正确
  • Trying to live up to the images of "perfect" models and movie heroes↔Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance

  Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance 恰好把预判「迎合社会对外貌期待」逐字呈现，正中。

题干 What have researchers found out about people's earnings? 问研究者「发现了什么」，定位到结论句直接复述即可。

What have researchers found out about people's earnings? 现在完成时强调「已经研究并得出结论」，主干是 What have researchers found out（研究者发现了什么），about people's earnings 是话题限定。结构平直，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  They are closely related to people's social status 的 social status（社会地位）在原文从未出现，原文只谈体重/体型与收入的关系。

• B)✓ 正确
  • body mass index is related to wages and income↔They have to do with people's body weight and shape

  They have to do with people's body weight and shape 把定位句逐成分等值改写，是与预判最贴合的一项。

• C)答非所问

  They seem to matter much less to men than to women 把比较关系错置在「收入」上，原文说的是「体重对女性收入的惩罚比男性明显」，而非「收入对男性意义更小」。题目问的是研究者发现的关于收入的事，而非男女对收入的看重程度。

• D)无中生有

  They may not be equal to people's contributions（收入可能与贡献不匹配）涉及的「贡献」概念在原文完全不存在。

题干 What does the author's recent study focus on? 直问研究焦点，需要在原文找到明确指明研究问题的句子。

What does the author's recent study focus on? 主干 What does the study focus on（研究关注什么），author's recent 是修饰 study 的两个前置定语。结构清晰，无难点。

• A)张冠李戴

  Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace 写的是「前人文献」，但原文明确说「前人文献清楚雇主感知会影响职场成功，无人探究问题的另一面」——前人文献是背景而非作者研究焦点。

• B)无中生有

  Traits that matter most in one's pursuit of success in the labor market 的 Traits（特质）一词原文未出现；原文讨论的是「自我感知」这一具体维度，而非泛泛的「特质」。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Does a person's own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?↔Whether self-perception of body image impacts one's workplace success

  Whether self-perception of body image impacts one's workplace success 把 P4 的疑问句逐成分改写，预判一对就中。

• D)与原文相反

  How bosses' perception of body image impacts employees' advancement 的 bosses' perception（雇主的感知）恰恰是原文 how employers and customers perceive your body image 这条已被前人研究透、作者明确表态「另一面没人探讨」的方向。作者研究焦点正是其对立面。

题干 What is the finding of the author's recent research? 问研究结论本身，是对原文 We found... 句的同义复述。

What is the finding of the author's recent research? 主干 What is the finding（结果是什么），of the author's recent research 是后置定语限定 finding 的来源。无难点。

• A)偷换概念

  Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees 把研究主语从「自我感知体重」换成「真实超重」；原文研究的是 self-perception（自我感知），不是 actual overweight；且原文从未说真实超重「不损害」员工，P3 反而明确女性超重在职场上有 clear penalty。

• B)✓ 正确
  • no relationship between the average person's self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes↔People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight

  People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight 是对 P7 结论句的标准被动改写，与预判完全一致。

• C)与原文相反

  Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace 说「自尊心帮助对抗性别不平等」，与原文 self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem（自我感知体重影响自尊）方向完全相反，且原文没说自尊能对抗性别不平等。

• D)答非所问

  Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees 对应的是 the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating 那句情绪表态，并非作者本次研究的核心发现；题干问 finding（研究结论），不是问情绪感受。

题干 What does the author think would help improve the condition in the labor market? 问作者认为什么能改善现状，对应原文末段的明确主张句。

What does the author think would help improve the condition in the labor market? 主干 What would help improve the condition（什么能帮助改善现状），the author think 插入说明「作者认为」，in the labor market 限定改善对象。结构稍长但平直，提醒考生把 the author think 当插入语处理即可。

• A)✓ 正确
  • changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category↔Banning discrimination on the basis of employees' body image
  • Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height↔Banning discrimination on the basis of employees' body image

  Banning discrimination on the basis of employees' body image 把 P9 的法律建议浓缩为一句，预判对比即中。

• B)偷换概念

  Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination 把保护对象偷偷换成「女性免受性别歧视」，但原文末段主张扩大的是「基于体型的反歧视保护」（body type），不是性别歧视保护；P8 提到 gender penalty 但作者紧接着说 our finding... is more heartening，并未把性别保护作为主推方案。

• C)与原文相反

  Helping employees change their own perception of beauty 主张「帮助员工改变自我审美感知」；但原文 Since employers' perception of weight is what matters in the labor market 明确表态「起作用的是雇主感知」，作者要改的是法律环境而不是员工自我感知。

• D)与原文相反

  Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract 写的是「把体型排除在劳动合同范畴之外」，与原文 include body type as a category 中 include（纳入）形成 Excluding（排除）的反义对立，完全反向。