2025年12月·第2套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What do scientists think of REM? 直接问科学家对 REM 的看法，是对原文具体观点的客观转述。

Q51 结构是 "What do scientists think of REM?"，主谓宾极简，think of 在此意为 "对……的看法"，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文明说婴儿在 REM 期"不做梦"，It is a sign of dreaming in adults and infants alike 反而说成人婴儿都做梦，与文意相反。

• B)以偏概全

  原文 eventually, learn languages 只把语言学习列为大脑发育的一个结果，It is essential to human beings' language learning 把它拔高为 REM 的本质功能，范围被放大。

• C)偷换概念

  原文是 REM "allows" 婴儿大脑发育连接（提供条件），It determines the formation of connections in the brain 把 "提供条件" 偷换为 "决定"，强度被改。

• D)✓ 正确
  • a completely different purpose for newborns and infants than dreaming↔a different function in babies than in adults

  预判 "REM 在婴儿与成人身上作用不同" 对应 It performs a different function in babies than in adults.，两端同义替换链完整。

What can we infer about nightmares from the passage? 含 infer，属推断而非细节。

Q52 主干 "What can we infer about nightmares"，about 引出推断对象，from the passage 是状语，结构简单。

• A)以偏概全

  P3 只把 an overactive imagination 列为三因之一，They occur often in people with an active imagination 把它单独抽出且加 often 强化，把一项当作主因。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the normal stresses of everyday life↔emotional stress

  预判 "承受情绪压力的人易做噩梦" 与 They occur in people suffering from emotional stress. 同义。

• C)无中生有

  原文 P3 谈噩梦的成因，从未把噩梦与 "大脑发育阶段" 的关系作为话题；They vary in different stages of brain development 把别处的 brain development 概念硬套到 nightmares 上。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 it's safe to assume babies do not have nightmares, either 明确婴儿不做噩梦，They appear in the sleep of both adults and infants 反着说 "成人婴儿睡眠中都出现"。

What is the aim of psychologist David Foulkes' study? 直接问研究目的，是对原文目的句的客观转述。

Q53 结构是 "What is the aim of psychologist David Foulkes' study?"，of 短语限定 aim，psychologist 是 David Foulkes 的同位身份说明，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • to bring the secrets of their dreams to the light of day↔To reveal the secrets of children's dreams.

  预判 "揭示儿童梦境秘密" 与 To reveal the secrets of children's dreams. 一一对应，选 A。

• B)偷换概念

  原文 they start dreaming around the age of two 是研究背景里的 "普遍共识"，并非 Foulkes 研究的目的；To see if children start dreaming at age two 把背景信息当成研究目的。

• C)无中生有

  原文未把 Foulkes 的目标说成 "解开做梦与大脑发育之谜"；To solve the mystery of dreaming and brain growth 引入了 P2 的 brain 概念硬接到 Foulkes 研究目的上。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 The general consensus is that they start dreaming around the age of two. 表示这是研究界已有共识，Foulkes 并非为证实它而研究；To confirm the general consensus on when kids dream 把 "已存在的共识" 当成 Foulkes 要证实的对象。

What are Foulkes' findings about kids' dreams? 直接问研究结论是什么，是细节题。

Q54 结构是 "What are Foulkes' findings about kids' dreams?"，about kids' dreams 限定 findings 的范围，没有从句也没有否定，无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  They heavily feature animals and other familiar sights 只说幼儿梦多含动物等"熟悉景象"，They feature strange animals 把动物拔成 "strange animals" 且当成所有孩子梦的特征。

• B)答非所问

  题问 findings 的内容；They are unsurprising to adults. 拿原文 "unsurprising" 的评价词当做内容，Foulkes' findings are unsurprising 的 unsurprising 是对 "findings 本身" 的评价，而非 findings 的实质内容。

• C)✓ 正确
  • As children develop and grow, their dreams do too↔They grow and evolve with age.

  预判 "梦随孩子发育而发育" 与 They grow and evolve with age. 完全对应，选 C。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 Children's dream life…seems to be similar to their waking imagination and narration 的相似对象是 "清醒时的想象与叙事"，They reflect kids' waking life. 把 "想象/叙事" 偷换成 "waking life"（清醒生活本身）。

What can we assume about babies who appear upset upon waking? 含 assume，按推断题处理。

Q55 结构是 "What can we assume about babies who appear upset upon waking?"，who 引导定语从句修饰 babies，upon waking 是时间状语 "一醒来时"，整句无否定无比较，理解关键是把 who 从句翻成 "那些一醒来就显得不安的婴儿"。

• A)无中生有

  原文 P7 没有说婴儿被人弄醒；They have been roused against their will. 凭空添加 "被弄醒" + "违背意愿" 两个文本无据的语义。

• B)与原文相反

  原文 babies do not have nightmares 明确说婴儿不做噩梦；They have been disturbed by a nightmare. 反着说婴儿被噩梦惊扰。

• C)答非所问

  题问 "哭醒原因"，They have trouble recollecting the images of their dreams. 把焦点换成 "回忆梦境困难"，且 25% of the kids in Foulkes' studies had no recollection of dreaming 说的是 5-9 岁孩子，而非 "babies"。

• D)✓ 正确
  • there may be other factors at play↔They have been affected by something other than dreaming.

  预判 "原因不是做梦" 与 They have been affected by something other than dreaming. 完全对应，选 D。