2021年6月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

题干 What does the author say about educators 问的是作者对教育者说了什么客观陈述，没有 infer/imply/mainly about，是定位 + 转述型细节题。

What does the author say about educators 主干是 "the author say what about educators" 的疑问倒装，about 后面跟话题对象，结构简单、无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  They seek advice from technology companies to achieve teaching goals 说教师向科技公司寻求建议，原文只说双方有共同点 Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem，并没有任何「教师向公司讨教」的方向性陈述。

• B)与原文相反

  They have been successful in preparing the workforce for companies 用现在完成时说教师已经成功地把劳动力交付给公司，原文只说 Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future——是 want to 的愿望，不是已实现的成果。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future↔They help students acquire the skills needed for their future success

  预判要求「准备 + 未来 + 学生」三要素齐全，They help students acquire the skills needed for their future success 把三个要素一一对应，无新增也无遗漏，是定位句的标准同义替换。

• D)偷换概念

  They partner with technology companies to enhance teaching efficiency 说教师与公司合作以提升教学效率，原文虽然提到 technology companies are partnering with educators to bring back good, old-fashioned play，但目的是把游戏带回课堂，不是「提升教学效率」。

题干 How can educators better develop students' STEM skills 问的是具体方法，需要回原文找一句明确的「办法」陈述，属于方法型细节题。

How can educators better develop students' STEM skills, according to the author：主干 educators develop STEM skills，better 是副词修饰 develop，according to the author 是插入语，整句问的是方法，结构简单。

• A)✓ 正确
  • STEM skills are enhanced and more relevant when combined with traditional, hands-on creative activities↔By blending them with traditional, stimulating activities

  预判的三要素「结合 + 传统 + 动手/创意」，By blending them with traditional, stimulating activities 命中「结合」「传统」两项硬词，「动手创意」被合理上位化为 stimulating，整体语义等值。

• B)无中生有

  By inviting business leaders to help design curriculums 说请商业领袖来帮忙设计课程，原文只说商业领袖与教师有共同利益、且科技公司与教师合作把游戏带回来 technology companies are partnering with educators to bring back good, old-fashioned play，没有任何「商业领袖设计课程」的说法。

• C)偷换概念

  By enhancing students' ability to think in a critical way 把方法说成「增强批判性思维」，但原文里 the most important 21st-century skills aren't related to specific technologies or subject matter, but to creativity 列出的是 creativity、imagination、problem-solving，并没有 critical thinking 这一项。

• D)过度推断

  By showing students the best way to learn is through play 说告诉学生学习的最佳方式是玩，原文虽然反复肯定 play 的价值 Play may be the answer，但用 may 表推测，且没有把 play 表述为 the best way to learn，属于对原文力度的放大。

题干 How do children acquire the skills needed for the 21st century 是 How + 一般疑问，问获得方式，定位 → 同义替换即可，不需要主旨级归纳。

How do children acquire the skills needed for the 21st century：主干 children acquire the skills，needed for the 21st century 是过去分词后置定语修饰 skills，等价于 the skills which are needed for the 21st century。

• A)与原文相反

  By engaging in activities involving specific technologies 说通过涉及具体技术的活动来获得能力，但 the most important 21st-century skills aren't related to specific technologies or subject matter, but to creativity 明确说不是关联于 specific technologies，选项与原文方向相反。

• B)✓ 正确
  • These are skills acquired when kids tinker↔By playing with things to solve problems on their own

  预判核心「自己动手 + 鼓捣 / 玩耍」在 By playing with things to solve problems on their own 中以 playing with things + on their own 完整复现，并把要获得的能力具体化为 solve problems，与同段的 problem-solving 完全一致。

• C)与原文相反

  By familiarizing themselves with high-tech gadgets 说让孩子熟悉高科技装置，但 it doesn't take 21st-century technology to foster 21st-century skills 明确说培养这些技能并不需要 21 世纪的高科技。

• D)张冠李戴

  By mastering basic principles through teamwork 把方式说成「通过团队合作掌握基本原理」，原文同段列出的能力清单 skills like imagination, problem-finding and problem-solving, teamwork, optimism, patience and the ability to experiment and take risks 里虽然出现 teamwork，但 teamwork 是要获得的能力之一，不是获得能力的途径，且 basic principles 出现在第四段说的是数学几何，与 21 世纪技能不是同一回事。

题干 What can we do to help children learn the basics of math and geometry 问的是建议性做法，回原文找一句明确的做法陈述即可，属于方法型细节题。

What can we do to help children learn the basics of math and geometry：主干 we do what，to help 是目的状语，help children learn 是 help sb. do 结构，learn the basics of math and geometry 是 help 的宾补，无难点。

• A)无中生有

  Stimulate their interest as early as possible 说要尽早激发兴趣，原文虽提到 four- and five-year-olds Research shows that given 15 minutes of free play, four- and five-year-olds will spend a third of this time engaged in spatial, mathematical, and architectural activities，但并没有提出「激发兴趣」这一做法，更没有「越早越好」的表态。

• B)偷换概念

  Spend more time playing games with them 说大人花更多时间陪孩子玩游戏，原文的关键是「孩子自己搭建」 This type of play—especially with building blocks—helps children discover and develop key principles in math and geometry，并未要求大人陪玩，更没说 more time 这一程度。

• C)✓ 正确
  • This type of play—especially with building blocks—helps children discover and develop key principles in math and geometry↔Encourage them to make things with hands

  预判核心「动手 + 搭建/制作」，Encourage them to make things with hands 同时命中 make（建造/制作）与 with hands（动手），无新增信息，是 building blocks 的合理上位概括。

• D)与原文相反

  Allow them to tinker freely with calculators 把鼓捣的对象换成计算器，原文却强调 building blocks 这类纯动手物件；且 it doesn't take 21st-century technology to foster 21st-century skills 已经否定了高科技工具的必要性，calculators 属于反向。

题干 What does the author advise disadvantaged schools and communities to do 是定向问作者建议，需要找一句明确针对弱势学校的建议句，是定位型细节题，不需要全篇归纳。

What does the author advise disadvantaged schools and communities to do：主干 the author advise sb. to do sth.，advise sb. to do 是固定搭配，disadvantaged ... communities 整体作 advise 的宾语，结构清晰。

• A)无中生有

  Train students to be makers to meet future market demands 把目的设为「满足未来市场需求」，原文里反复说的是培养 maker / creator 等能力 Children are born builders, makers, and creators，从未出现 market demands 这类商业目的。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Taking whatever materials are handy and tinkering with them is a simple way to engage those important "maker" skills↔Develop students' creative skills with the resources available
  • it doesn't take 21st-century technology to foster 21st-century skills↔Develop students' creative skills with the resources available

  预判的「现有/手边资源 + 创造性能力」，Develop students' creative skills with the resources available 同时命中 with the resources available（现有资源）与 creative skills（创造性能力），两项语义点齐全且力度匹配。

• C)与原文相反

  Engage students with challenging tasks to foster their creativity 说让学生做有挑战性的任务，原文却强调 fostering 21st-century skills may be as simple as giving kids room to play, tinker and try things out，用的是 as simple as，方向是「越简单越好」。

• D)张冠李戴

  Work together with companies to improve their teaching facilities 说与公司合作改善教学设施，原文虽然在首段提到 Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem，但末段给资源匮乏地区的建议只是用手边材料鼓捣，从未提到「与公司合作改善设施」。