2015年6月·第1套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析

What is the news report mainly about?

全篇主语始终是『倒塌的工厂 + 救援』。判主旨靠『反复回到哪个点』而非单句信号词：开篇 a factory collapsed 点出工厂倒塌，紧接 hundreds of rescue workers including soldiers have been picking through concrete and bricks to find survivors 与 Dozens have been pulled out alive 整段都在讲倒塌建筑里的救援。地震只在末尾作为可能成因被一句带过，重心始终压在『倒塌工厂的救援』上。

• a factory collapsed↔the collapsed factory building动词 collapsed 改写成形容词 collapsed building，指同一座倒塌的楼
• rescue workers including soldiers have been picking through concrete and bricks to find survivors↔Relief work『救援人员翻找幸存者』概括成上位词 Relief work（救灾工作）

• A)原词陷阱An earthquake hitting Lahore in Pakistan. 借了录音里真出现过的 earthquake 和 Lahore in eastern Pakistan，听着耳熟。但地震只在末尾 may have suffered damage in last week's earthquake 作为可能成因被一句带过，全篇主体是工厂救援，把背景当主旨即以偏概全。

  借用原文：may have suffered damage in last week's earthquake that hit Afghanistan and Pakistan

• B)偷换概念Rescue operation after the earthquake. 抓住了录音里的 rescue operation，救援确实是重心之一。但它把救援系在 earthquake 之后，而原文救援发生在倒塌的工厂现场、不是泛泛震后救援，且漏掉了 factory 这个核心对象，覆盖不全。

  借用原文：search teams were striving to ensure that no one is hurt further in the rescue operation

• C)偷换概念A factory building being damaged in the earthquake. 用了 factory building 和 earthquake 两个原词，看着贴题。但它只讲『工厂被震损』这一点，既没涵盖占大半篇幅的救援，也把成因（地震）当成了报道核心，仍是以偏概全。

  借用原文：may have suffered damage in last week's earthquake

What are the products of this factory?

定语从句 where…were manufactured 直接交代产品。答案句信号是 the factory where plastic bags were manufactured 里的定语从句 where…were manufactured（生产……的工厂），manufactured 一词正面回答『工厂生产什么』，听到 manufactured/produced 这类『生产』动词就锁定其宾语。

• plastic bags were manufactured↔Plastic bags.录音 plastic bags 与选项原词一致，被动句改名词短语

• A)原词陷阱Concrete and bricks. 直接抄录音里的 concrete and bricks，听到原词极易误选。但那是救援人员翻找幸存者所穿过的废墟，是现场的瓦砾、不是工厂的产品，答非所问。

  借用原文：picking through concrete and bricks to find survivors

• B)原词陷阱Heavy machines. 借了录音里的 heavy machinery，但原文那是搜救队为救人而动用的重型机械，属救援设备，不是这家工厂生产的东西，与 products 不符。

  借用原文：with heavy machinery being used, search teams were striving

• D)偷换概念Building materials. 没有原词，但它是对录音里 concrete and bricks 的上位概括（建筑材料），引诱考生把废墟当成产品。原文从未说工厂生产建筑材料，只说生产 plastic bags，故排除。

  借用原文：picking through concrete and bricks to find survivors

What does iPhone SE share in common with iPhone 5 and 5s?

the same … as 直陈『相同』。答案句的信号是表示『相同』的固定结构 the same size as the iPhone 5 and 5s——题目问『共同点（share in common）』，录音里只要出现 the same … as（一样的……）这种把两者划等号的说法，那一句就是答案句。

• the same size as the iPhone 5 and 5s↔Its size.把整句『同样尺寸』压缩成属性名 size

• A)与原文相反录音确实念到了颜色 the new model adds a color choice: rose gold，但用的是 adds（新增）——玫瑰金是 SE 多出来的新颜色，是它和 5/5s 的『不同点』，正好与题目问的『共同点』相反。听到 color 就选 A，是被原词钓走了。

  借用原文：the new model adds a color choice: rose gold

• B)原词陷阱录音说 the SE includes the better hardware of the most recent iPhone, the 6s——SE 的硬件来自最新的 6s，是更好的硬件，并非和 5/5s 相同。题目问的是与 5/5s 的共同点，硬件恰恰不是。听到 hardware 这个原词就选，就中了原词陷阱。

  借用原文：the SE includes the better hardware of the most recent iPhone, the 6s

• C)原词陷阱录音说 Apple is offering the iPhone SE for a lower price——SE 价格是『更低』的，这是与旧款的差别、是卖点，而非与 5/5s 的共同点。听到 price/dollars 一串就选 C，是被价格信息引偏了。

  借用原文：Apple is offering the iPhone SE for a lower price

How much will an iPhone SE with 64 GB of storage cost?

『$100 more』提示要在基准价上加。答案信号是加价说法 about $100 more——录音先给 16GB 的基准价 cost around $400，再说 64GB 的 $100 more（再多 100）。看到/听到 more、again、plus 这类词就知道：问的那个数要自己算，不是直接念出来的。

• will cost around $400↔About 500 dollars.基准价加上加价得总价
• about $100 more↔About 500 dollars.more=在基准上再加

• B)原词陷阱录音里 An iPhone SE with 16 GB of storage will cost around $400——400 是 16GB 那一档的价钱，可题目问的是 64GB。听到 $400 这个原数就选，是没分清问的是哪个配置。

  借用原文：An iPhone SE with 16 GB of storage will cost around $400

• D)原词陷阱录音 about $100 more 里的 100 是 64GB 比 16GB 多出来的『差价』，不是 64GB 的总价。把差价当总价、直接选 100，就漏掉了 400 这个基准。

  借用原文：about $100 more

• C)未提及300 这个数在录音里从未出现，既不是任何配置的价，也不是差价，纯属凑出来的金额干扰项，可直接排除。

What is the experimental therapy against blood cancer?

开篇定义句。新闻第一句往往直接点出报道主体，这句 An experimental therapy uses a person's weak immune system to fight deadly blood cancers. 用"uses ... immune system"为这项疗法定性——开篇定义即答案信号。

• uses a person's weak immune system to fight deadly blood cancers↔The immune system treatment.动词描述改名词短语

• A)与原文相反录音确实念到 repetitive cycles of chemotherapy，但原文是说这新疗法"不需要"反复化疗，The repeated chemotherapy. 正好把被否定的东西当成了答案，属听到 chemotherapy 就勾的反向陷阱。

  借用原文：It doesn't require repeated treatments or repetitive cycles of chemotherapy

• C)原词陷阱录音里 stem cell transplants 出现在说"这些患者此前各种常规疗法都失败了"的语境，是被对比/排除的旧疗法，并非这项新疗法本身；The stem cell transplant. 把听到的原词直接当答案。

  借用原文：including many kinds of bone marrow and stem cell transplants

• D)原词陷阱The bone marrow transplant. 与 C 同坑：bone marrow transplant 在原文里也属"患者已经失败的常规疗法"之一，是被对照的旧法，不是这项实验疗法。

  借用原文：including many kinds of bone marrow and stem cell transplants

How many patients gained a complete remission in the small trials?

complete remission 同词锁定。题干问 complete remission，录音里 94 percent experienced a complete remission 出现同一短语，这句即答案句；而真正要的人数藏在"35 人的 94%"里，须由两数相乘得出。

• In one study of 35 patients with a type of leukemia, 94 percent experienced a complete remission↔About 33.35 的 94% 约等于 33

• B)原词陷阱35 patients 确被念到，但它是"研究纳入的总人数"，题目问的是"完全缓解的人数"。About 35. 把听到的总数直接当答案，量纲对不上。

  借用原文：In one study of 35 patients

• C)张冠李戴录音里 50 percent to 80 percent of patients with other blood cancers 的 50 指"其它血癌患者症状减轻的比例"，与本题问的白血病完全缓解人数无关，是张冠李戴的别处数字。

  借用原文：50 percent to 80 percent of patients with other blood cancers also saw a reduction in symptoms

• D)原词陷阱94 percent 是"缓解率"这个百分比，About 94. 把百分数当成了人数。数值最大最醒目，最易被"听到大数就选"勾走，恰恰是命题人埋的头号诱饵。

  借用原文：94 percent experienced a complete remission

What have Hutchinson researchers contributed to according to the news report?

主体作主语的成果句。这句 The work by Hutchinson researchers increases this natural cancer-fighting ability. 正以研究者的工作为主语、动词 increases 点出贡献——主体 + 动作的成果句，就是答案信号；其中 this 指代前句免疫细胞的抗癌力。

• increases this natural cancer-fighting ability↔Improving cancer-fighting ability of immune cells.increases 同义 improving

• B)原词陷阱录音末句 shown promise against skin cancer and some lung cancers 确有 skin/lung cancers，但说的是"该免疫疗法对皮肤癌肺癌也显出前景"，不是"鼓励患者"。Encouraging patients with skin or lung cancers. 把原词拼到了一个原文没说的动作上。

  借用原文：Using the immune system has also shown promise against skin cancer and some lung cancers

• C)过度推断录音里 it's a single treatment 和 leukemia 都念到了，但原文只说"单次治疗"且 94% 缓解，并未说"一次就治愈所有白血病患者"。Healing the leukemia patients in a single treatment. 把"缓解"夸成"治愈"、说得比原文绝对。

  借用原文：it's a single treatment instead of many months of treatment

• D)张冠李戴录音 Immune system cells usually fight invading viruses and bacteria 里的 viruses/bacteria 描述的是免疫细胞"通常"的功能，并非 Hutchinson 研究者的贡献。Eradicating invading viruses and bacteria. 把别人/常态的事安到研究者头上。

  借用原文：Immune system cells usually fight invading viruses and bacteria

What do we learn about the woman's company?

I understand引出已知事实。男方用 I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant 把"对方公司的情况"作为已知前提抛出，I understand that… 正是引出"关于该公司的事实"的信号句，答案就在这句里。

• your company has a chemical processing plant↔It has a chemical processing plantyour company换成It

• A)张冠李戴It specializes in safety from leaks. 盗用了男方介绍自己公司时说的 is a leader in safety from leaks——但"擅长防泄漏"是男方 LCP 的业务，不是女方公司的，题目问的是 the woman's company，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：LCP, Liquid Control Products, is a leader in safety from leaks

• B)原词陷阱It is headquartered in London. 里的 London 来自男方 calling from London——伦敦是打电话进来的男方所在地，不是女方公司总部所在地，听到 London 就选是被原词诱导。

  借用原文：calling from London

• D)过度推断It has a partnership with LCP. 用了原文反复出现的 LCP，但全程男方只是打电话来"想谈合作"（discuss ways in which we could help TGC），双方根本还没建立 partnership，属过度推断。

  借用原文：discuss ways in which we could help TGC protect itself from such problems

What do we learn about the man?

推销话术暴露身份。他主动夸自家公司 is a leader in safety from leaks、想约人谈 help TGC protect itself from such problems and save money——这套"夸产品＋帮你省钱＋约见面"的话术是销售员的典型动作，正是判断身份的信号。

• we could help TGC protect itself from such problems and save money↔He is a salesman推销行为概括为身份

• A)原词陷阱He is a safety inspector. 借了原文的 safety（safety from leaks）——但 safety 是他卖的产品方向，他是来推销的，不是来检查 TGC 安全的，安全检查员属凭原词臆造的身份。

  借用原文：is a leader in safety from leaks

• B)未提及He is Mr. Grand's friend. 在录音里毫无依据——他是陌生来电，连本人都没找到，女士还要他寄资料、提供推荐信，显然不是 Grand 的朋友，属未提及。
• C)原词陷阱He is a chemist. 靠 chemical processing 里的 chemical 来骗——chemical 是描述行业领域的，不代表他本人是化学家，他做的是销售而非搞化学研究，读音相近的偷换。

  借用原文：in the field of chemical processing

What is the woman's position in her company?

被问后的直接自报。男方追问能否找别人（Could I speak to someone else），女方紧接着应答 You're speaking to his personal assistant——这是被问之后的直接自报身份句，对话题答案就落在这种应答上。

• You're speaking to his personal assistant↔Mr. Grand's personal assistanthis还原为Mr. Grand's

• A)未提及The public relations officer. 在录音里根本没出现，纯属"接电话的人想当然是公关"的常识臆断，原文女方自报的是 personal assistant，未提及公关。
• B)未提及Head of the personnel department. 录音通篇未提人事部门，女方明确说自己是私人助理，此项为无中生有。
• D)原词陷阱Director of the safety department. 里的 safety 来自男方介绍业务时的 safety from leaks——那是男方公司的业务方向，与女方职位无关，是把别处的热词拼成一个假职位。

  借用原文：safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing

What does the woman suggest the man do?

let me suggest引出建议。女方用 let me suggest something 明确引出建议，紧接着的 You send us details of your products and services 就是她要男方做的事——"建议某人做某事"的答案信号就是这种提议句。

• You send us details of your products and services↔Provide details of their products and servicessend改provide、人称转换

• A)偷换概念Send a comprehensive description of their work. 用了和正确项一样的 Send／description 套路，但女方要的是 details of your products and services（产品和服务的资料），不是"对他们工作的全面描述"，把"产品服务"偷换成了"工作"。

  借用原文：details of your products and services, together with references from other companies

• C)未提及Leave a message for Mr. Grand. 是打电话场景的"想当然"动作，但女方从头到尾没让男方留言，而是让他寄资料，属用常识替原文、未提及。
• D)与原文相反Wait for Mr. Grand to call back. 弄反了联系方向：原文是男方寄资料后 we'll contact you（公司联系男方），而非男方坐等 Mr. Grand 本人回电，且回电主体也错。

  借用原文：And then we'll contact you

What do we know about the woman before she went to Europe?

转折 although 后才是真意。她先说 No, not really（没怎么想过），紧接 although 一转，后半 I've always listened to recordings of great orchestras from Europe 才是她真正做过的事——转折连词后面那句才是答案落点。

• listened to recordings of great orchestras from Europe↔listened to recordings of many European orchestrasgreat→many、from Europe→European 的同义改写

• B)未提及录音只说她"听"乐团录音 listened to recordings，从没说她"读"了很多关于音乐家的书，read a lot about European musicians 是把"听"换成了"读"，属未提及的动作。
• C)与原文相反录音里男声问她是否想过 P2… 但她答 No, not really，明确说没怎么想过住在西方/欧洲；dreamed of working and living in a European country 借了"European"却把她否定掉的事说成她梦想过，与原文相反。

  借用原文：No, not really

• D)未提及录音从没说她师从任何法国音乐家，她只说 I began violin lessons at school（在学校学的）；learned playing the violin from a famous French musician 里的"法国名家"是无中生有，"French"是顺着后文巴黎联想硬造的。

What does the woman say about her music experience?

被问者对"早学"的直接应答。男声问 You were born in 1955 并由前文"很小就喜欢古典乐"引出，她直接应答 I began violin lessons at school when I was 6，"6 岁开始学"这一被问者的直接交代就是答案句。

• I began violin lessons↔began taking violin lessonsbegan…lessons 近乎原样，仅补 taking
• when I was 6↔as a small child具体年龄 6 概括成 small child

• A)未提及录音说她在学校开始学 violin lessons at school，没有任何"师从某欧洲名小提琴家"的情节；a pupil of a famous European violinist 借了"violin/violinist"造出一个"名师"，属未提及。
• B)张冠李戴录音里父亲只是 my father had bought me a new violin（给她买了把新琴），首演是她 I played a small piece at the school concert 独自在校演奏，并非"和父亲一起首演"；gave her first performance with her father 把"父亲买琴"硬接成"与父亲同台"，是张冠李戴。

  借用原文：my father had bought me a new violin

• C)原词陷阱录音里 15 岁对应的是 When I was 15, I won a scholarship to a college in Paris（赢奖学金去巴黎），不是"15 岁成为职业小提琴家"；became a professional violinist at fifteen 偷了"fifteen"这个数字却安错了事件。

  借用原文：When I was 15, I won a scholarship to a college in Paris

When did the woman go to Europe for the first time?

首次赴欧绑定 When I was 15。男声问 when did you first come to Europe?，她答 When I was 15, I won a scholarship to a college in Paris——"巴黎"即首次到欧洲，"15 岁"是关键年龄，配上前文 You were born in 1955 才能定年份。

• When I was 15, I won a scholarship to a college in Paris↔In 1970.出生1955+赴欧时15岁=1970

• A)原词陷阱In 1955. 正是录音里念到的出生年 You were born in 1955，但那是她出生的年份、不是去欧洲的年份，把出生年当赴欧年是错位。

  借用原文：You were born in 1955

• B)答非所问1961＝1955＋6，恰是她 when I was 6 开始学琴的年份，但题目问的是赴欧，不是开始学琴；In 1961. 用错了"6 岁"这个数。

  借用原文：I began violin lessons at school when I was 6

• C)未提及In 1964. 在 1955 与 1970 之间，既非出生年也非赴欧年，没有任何原文数字能推出它，纯属混淆视听的干扰年份。

What does the woman say about her study in Paris?

她对这段经历的直接定性 It was…。她明确定性 It was the chance of a lifetime（一生难得的机会），是她本人对巴黎留学这件事的评价句，带强烈正面色彩，即答案落点。

• It was the chance of a lifetime↔It was the chance of a lifetime.评价句几乎原样保留

• B)张冠李戴录音里只有她父母 pleased and worried at the same time，"worried"是父母的担心，不是说这件事对她是"巨大挑战"；a great challenge to her 借"worried"的负面色彩造出"挑战"，且把父母的感受安到她头上，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：they were pleased and worried at the same time

• C)未提及录音说她去巴黎是 won a scholarship to a college 读 a 3-year course（求学），从没说留学给了她"逛这座城市"的机会；explore the city 是顺着"巴黎"这个地名硬加的，属未提及。
• D)未提及录音只说去巴黎读 a 3-year course，从没说"学法国古典音乐"；learn classical French music 借"巴黎在法国"造出"法国古典乐"，French/classical 都是无中生有的拼接。

What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?

转折词 Yet 之后转入真正主旨。前文铺垫"大家熟悉他的作品"，Yet how many know Shakespeare, the person 一个 Yet 把焦点扭向"这个人本身"，转折后才是 speaker 真正要谈的点；再接 scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history，坐实主旨是"其生平至今难以查清"。

• scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history↔His personal history is little known."还在努力发掘"="鲜为人知"

• A)原词陷阱录音开头确有 What makes a person famous? This is a mystery 和 the works，A 把 mystery 和 works 拼成"作品背后有神秘故事"，听到原词很想选；但原文的 mystery 指"成名之谜/生平之谜"，并非"作品背后有神秘故事"，答非所问。

  借用原文：This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about

• C)过度推断原文说他是 one of the greatest English writers，C 顺势说"his works have no match worldwide（举世无双）"，听到 greatest 很想选；但原文只说"最伟大作家之一"，是 one of，没说无人能及，C 把程度推过头了。

  借用原文：one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries

• D)偷换概念原文确实说 Many myths arose about Shakespeare，D 借"myths"说成"许多误解"很像；但全段主旨是"生平不为人知"，myths（流传的传说）只是其中一个支撑细节，不是 speaker 关于他要表达的"主要"内容，以偏概全。

  借用原文：Many myths arose about Shakespeare

What do we learn about Shakespeare's father?

主语直接出现"father"，应答题干对象。题干问父亲，原文 Shakespeare's father was a respected man 主语正是 father，紧跟其后的同位语 a member of the town council 直接交代其身份，是回答本题对象的那一句。

• a member of the town council↔He was a member of the town council.近乎原句对应，只是补出主语 He

• A)原词陷阱录音里 An acting company, for example, could change a play 出现过 acting company，A 借它说"他曾在知名剧团工作"，听到原词很想选；但原文那句讲的是"剧团可随意改剧本"，根本没说父亲（或莎翁）在剧团工作过，纯属把原词挪作他用。

  借用原文：An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to

• B)未提及原文 Stratford-upon-Avon 是讲父亲所在的镇，B 却说"他童年时搬到斯特拉福"，既偷换了对象（题干问父亲），又凭空加了"童年迁居"这一原文没有的动作，地名是真的、事却是编的。

  借用原文：Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-upon-Avon

• C)与原文相反原文 He sent young William to grammar school 说父亲把莎翁送进文法学校、且 Shakespeare did have at least an average education，C 却说"他没读过文法学校以上"，把"读了书"反成"没读上去"，方向相反；况且本题问的是父亲，C 说的是 William。

  借用原文：He sent young William to grammar school. Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyond grammar school. So Shakespeare did have at least an average education.

Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare's life will remain a mystery?

结果句后紧跟的因果陈述句。先抛结果 Some parts of Shakespeare's life will always remain unknown，紧接 The Great London Fire of 1666 burned many important documents that could've been a source of clues 给出原因——大火烧掉了本可作线索的文献，这句正是 Why 的答案。

• The Great London Fire of 1666 burned many important documents that could've been a source of clues↔Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire."大火烧毁文献"="线索来源毁于火灾"

• A)未提及录音开头谈 What makes a person famous，A 顺势说"当时人对他没兴趣"，听感沾边；但原文从没说同时代人对他不感兴趣，成谜的原因是大火毁了文献，A 属原文没说的编造。
• B)过度推断原文 An acting company… could change a play 说剧团可改剧本，B 借它说"作品被改得面目全非"，听到 change 很想选；但那句是解释"作者作品难留下"的旁证，且 change a play 远不到"beyond recognition（面目全非）"的程度，既非本题原因又把程度推过头。

  借用原文：An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to

• D)答非所问原文 Authors of the time could not protect their works 确实说当时作家无法保护作品，D 几乎照搬这句很诱人；但这句是解释"为何生平在作品里不易找到"的旁因，题干问的是"为何会永远成谜"，紧跟那个结果句的原因是"大火"，D 是用真原词答到了别处。

  借用原文：Authors of the time could not protect their works

What is mentioned as a most common danger when people go travelling abroad?

最高级 the most common 锁定。答案句末 theft being the most common 用最高级 the most common 把范围收到『最常见』那一个，正对题干的 most common；这种最高级/唯一性的限定词就是细节题的答案信号，听到 the most 就该锁定它后面那个名词。

• theft being the most common↔Theft.原词直接对应

• B)未提及Air crash.（空难）原文整段都没出现，属于凭『旅行危险』常识脑补出来的干扰，原文谈的危险只有偷窃，故排除。
• C)未提及Cheating.（欺骗/被骗）原文没有提到，第三段虽讲到打车要先讲好价钱，但并未把它点名为一种『最常见的危险』，故排除。
• D)答非所问Road accidents.（交通事故）易因第三段大谈交通而被误选，但原文从未把交通事故列为危险，第三段是教你怎么安全出行（use official transport），答非所问，故排除。

What is the most important thing to do when you prepare for your trip abroad?

建议句 make sure 领起第一项准备。答案句以 As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork 领起准备清单，用 make sure（务必）这一强调式建议把『备齐正确文件』摆在第一位，后面又用签证作废、护照失效这类后果加重它的分量——make sure 加首位加后果强调，就是这题的答案信号。

• make sure you have the right paperwork↔Have the right documents.近义词替换 paperwork=documents
• the wrong visa, or worse, that your passport isn't valid anymore↔Have the right documents.下位例子印证上位概念

• A)未提及Learn the local customs.（了解当地习俗）听着像旅行常识，但原文准备段（第二段）只讲了证件、医疗保险、国际驾照，从没提『学习当地习俗』，属凭常识脑补，故排除。
• C)原词陷阱Book tickets well in advance.（提前订票）原文第二段只说 prepare for your trip in advance（提前做准备），并没说提前订票；这里盗用了听感相近的 in advance，让人误以为念到了订票，实际答非所问，故排除。

  借用原文：It's important to prepare for your trip in advance

• D)原词陷阱Make hotel reservations.（预订酒店）原文第三段只提到 cheap hotels（便宜酒店）要能从里面反锁房门，并没让你『提前预订酒店』，盗用了 hotel 这个原词却讲的是另一回事，故排除。

  借用原文：If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while traveling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside.

What does the speaker suggest you do when you arrive at your destination?

祈使建议句正面给出做法。答案句以 When you get to your destination, use official transport 用祈使句正面给出建议，时段词 when you get to your destination 与题干 when you arrive 完全对应；紧接的 Don't accept rides from strangers 用 Don't 反向劝阻，正反一对照，正确做法就是『用官方交通』。

• use official transport↔Use official transport.原句几乎照搬
• Always go to bus and taxi stands.↔Use official transport.下位例子印证上位概念

• A)未提及Contact your agent.（联系你的代理/旅行社）原文到达段（第三段）只讲了用官方交通、讲好车价、住店能锁门，从没提『联系代理』，属脑补，故排除。
• C)与原文相反Get a lift if possible.（尽量搭便车）盗用了原文真念到的 lift：原文却是 Don't accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift——叫你『别』接受陌生人的便车，选项把它正话反说成『尽量搭便车』，方向完全相反，故排除。

  借用原文：Don't accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift.

• D)未提及Have a friend meet you.（让朋友来接你）听着贴心，但原文到达段没有任何一句让你叫朋友接站，纯属常识脑补，故排除。

What did Gerald Ratner decide to do when he took over his father's shops?

decided 直陈决定。录音用 He decided that 这个明确的"决定"信号词直接引出他的策略，这正是题干 decide to do 要找的那句——听到 decided/decide to 这种表决断的词，就该立刻锁定其后的内容为答案句。

• sell down-market products at the lowest possible prices↔Sell inexpensive products概括替换

• A)偷换概念录音从头到尾只说卖价低(lowest possible prices)，从未提及降低"生产成本"。选项把"卖得便宜"偷换成"砍掉生产成本"，是把价格概念换成成本概念，原文并无此意。
• B)与原文相反录音说他卖的是 tasteless silver ornaments(毫无品位的银饰)，主打便宜而非精致；选项却说他要"提升商品品味/口味"(Refine the taste)，方向正好反了，是把原文的"不讲究品质"颠倒成"提升品质"。

  借用原文：tasteless silver ornaments

• D)原词陷阱录音确实念到 cheap gold earrings(便宜的金耳环)，选项就盗这个 gold 来引诱"听到 gold 就选"；但他的决定是"卖便宜货"，黄金只是商品举例之一，并非"专做黄金饰品"，属听到原词就想选的典型陷阱。

  借用原文：cheap gold earrings

On what occasion did Gerald Ratner explain the secret of his success?

句首地点状语。录音把场合放在句首作状语 At a big meeting of top British business people，紧接着就是 explained the secret of his success——题干的关键词 explain the secret of his success 正出现在这句，地点状语就是答案所在。

• At a big meeting of top British business people↔At a meeting of top British businesspeople近乎原句

• B)未提及录音通篇没说"本地促销活动"，他是在商界聚会上发言，不是搞促销。选项 During a local sales promotion campaign. 是凭"他做生意"想当然编出的场合，原文无据。
• C)未提及录音说的是"会议(meeting)"，从未提到"电视直播访谈"。选项 During a live television interview. 把发言场合偷换成电视节目，原文并无电视这一信息。
• D)偷换概念录音明确是 a big meeting of top British business people(商界人士聚会)，选项却说成"全国新闻发布会"。二者都"正式"，但一个是同行聚会、一个是面向媒体的发布会，性质不同，属把原文场合悄悄换成另一种正式场合。

  借用原文：a big meeting of top British business people

How did people feel when they learned of Gerald Ratner's remarks?

felt 直述情绪。录音用 People felt insulted 这个"feel + 情绪词"的直陈结构直接说出人们的感受——态度题最怕绕，这里 felt 后面紧跟的 insulted 就是答案信号，听到 felt 就该锁定其后的情绪词。

• People felt insulted↔Insulted原词即情绪

• A)答非所问录音说人们 felt insulted(被侮辱)并"不再去店里"，是被冒犯后的愤然，而非"泄气"。选项 Discouraged. 是同属负面情绪的近义干扰，但与原文的"被侮辱"不是一回事。
• B)答非所问录音只说人们"被侮辱"且离开，没说他们"痛苦/苦恼"。选项 Distressed. 同样是凑数的负面情绪近义词，原文并未表达这种感受。
• C)答非所问人们是听懂了那句贬低商品的话才感到被冒犯，并非"困惑/没听懂"。选项 Puzzled. 与"被侮辱后愤而离开"的情境相反，原文无据。

What does the story of Gerald Ratner suggest?

开头转折点题。录音开篇就用转折 but even their sense of humor has a limit 把全篇主旨点出来——主旨题的灵魂常落在开头的转折(but)之后；这句"幽默感也有限度"加上结尾 It had been a very expensive joke 一前一后呼应，正是整段要讲的道理。

• even their sense of humor has a limit↔There should be a limit to one's sense of humour陈述变规劝

• A)原词陷阱录音确实念到 laughing at themselves(自嘲)，选项 A 盗这个点编出"先自嘲者不被嘲笑"；但 Ratner 正是自嘲(拿自家商品开玩笑)反而招来恶果，与"自嘲就安全"恰恰相反，是盗用原文话题词的陷阱。

  借用原文：laughing at themselves

• C)未提及故事讲的是"一句玩笑毁前程"，全篇没有"不吸取历史教训就失败"这层意思。选项 He who never learns from the past is bound to fail. 是另起炉灶的道理，与本故事的主旨无关。
• D)原词陷阱录音里 Ratner 那句玩笑用了 because they're absolute rubbish(因为它们就是废品)，选项 D 盗这个 rubbish 编成"商人之言皆废话"；但故事主旨是幽默要有度，并非贬低所有商人的话，属听到 rubbish 就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：because they're absolute rubbish