2016年12月·第1套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

题干 The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because 用 because 让考生在原文找出作者批评的具体理由，是典型的因果细节题。

Q46 是一个待补全的陈述句：主句 "The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement" 后接 because 引导的原因状语从句，空格处填的是作者批评协议的原因。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem↔unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations
  • Many of the world's most climate vulnerable countries↔climate-vulnerable nations

  预判答案 "协定对气候脆弱国家不公" 与 it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations 字面一致，直接锁定。

• B)与原文相反

  it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ only 把 keep global warming well below 2℃ 这一目标本身当作批评对象，但作者在 The goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2℃ is commendable 明确说这一目标是 commendable 值得肯定的，与批评相反。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions 说的是 "不到 4% 的国家造成过半排放"——是责任比例，而非协议受益比例；选项 beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries 把责任偷换成 "协议只让不到 4% 的国家受益"。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions 明确说协议没有把责任只压到发达国家头上，反而抹平了区别；选项 burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility 正好相反。

题干 Why does the author call some developed countries climate "free-riders" 用 Why 问作者这样称呼的依据，要的是原文对应解释句，属细节题。

Q47 是 why 引导的疑问句，宾补结构 "call some developed countries climate free-riders"——把发达国家 "称为" 气候搭便车者，问的是这样称呼的原因。结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  原文 climate change's impact on food and water 中的 food and water 是气候变化冲击的对象，并非他们 "消费" 的对象；选项 They needn't worry about the food and water they consume 把 food/water 偷换成 "自己消费的食物和水"。

• B)无中生有

  原文从未说发达国家 better able to cope with the global climate change 应对能力更强——它谈的是 "承担成本少" 而非 "应对能力强"，二者不能等同。

• C)✓ 正确
  • incurring few of the costs such as climate change's impact on food and water↔hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused
  • causing the majority of the problems↔the problems they have caused

  预判答案 "造成问题却不承担代价" 直接对应 hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused，锁定 C。

• D)偷换概念

  题干和原文里 free-riders 中的 free 来自 free-rider（搭便车，免责），不是 free from（免受影响）；选项 free from the greenhouse effects affecting "forced riders" 利用一词多义把 "免责" 改造成 "免受影响"，与原文相反。

题干 Why does the author compare the "forced riders" to second-hand smokers 问作者打这个比喻是为说明什么，答案在比喻句邻近的解释/类比说明里。

Q48 是 Why 疑问句，主干 "the author compare the forced riders to second-hand smokers"——"compare A to B" 表示把 A 比作 B；问的是这个类比想表达什么。结构无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  题干问的是为何把 forced riders 比作 second-hand smokers，要的是受害与责任之间的对比；little responsibility for public health problems 跑到 public health（公共卫生）这个无关领域，没有回答比喻意图。

• B)以偏概全

  vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions 只说出 "易受不健康环境影响" 这一表层结果，丢掉了比喻的核心——"非由自己造成"；只取一半语义，构成以偏概全。

• C)✓ 正确
  • suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem↔bear consequences they are not responsible for

  二手烟比喻的核心点是 "受害者非责任方"，They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for 正是这一核心的直接转述，锁定 C。

• D)无中生有

  原文从未提 forced riders unaware of the potential risks "不知道潜在风险"——他们恰恰深受其害，对风险心知肚明；意识与否是凭空添加的命题。

题干 What does the author say about the \$100 billion funding 问作者就这笔钱说了什么具体事实，是典型细节题。

Q49 是 What 引导的疑问句，宾语 "the \$100 billion funding" 是询问对象。结构清晰，注意 \$ 是美元符号，无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  原文 supporting developing nations to reduce emissions 只说资金用于支持发展中国家减排，并未承诺这能 motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions "激励所有国家减排"；从 "支持部分国家" 推到 "激励所有国家" 是过度推断。

• B)✓ 正确
  • very little detail on who will provide the funds↔no final agreement on where it will come from

  预判 "出资方尚无定论" 与 There is no final agreement on where it will come from 一一对应，直接锁定 B。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 who will provide the funds or... who is responsible for their provision 谈的是 "谁出钱" 的来源问题，选项 no clarification of how the money will be spent 偷换成 "钱怎么花" 的去向问题，方向不一致。

• D)无中生有

  effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide 在原文里找不到对应——P7 反而暗示协议在减排责任划分上模糊，无法效力全球减排；这是凭空添加的乐观结论。

题干 What urgent action must be taken to realise the Paris climate agreement 问的是具体待采取的措施，原文有明确对应的祈使/必须句，按细节题处理。

Q50 是 What 引导的疑问句，主干 "What urgent action must be taken" 用被动语态问什么紧迫行动必须被采取；不定式 "to realise the Paris climate agreement" 作目的状语。结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative 来源是 it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide，那是一句关于 "由谁拍板" 的尾段呼吁，不是题干所问的 "urgent action"；urgent action 在原文中明确锁在 P8 的 must urgently 一句。

• B)无中生有

  Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts 是听起来很顺耳的常识口号，原文 P8 强调的是 "把已写入协定的政策动员起来"，并非 "号召所有国家联合"——号召联合属于无中生有。

• C)无中生有

  Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus 的 "达成共识" 来源是脑补——P9 谈的是高排放国领导者将被历史如何评价，不是要他们 "达成共识"；原文没有任何 consensus 相关诉求。

• D)✓ 正确
  • a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement↔Putting in effect the policies in the agreement
  • urgently↔at once

  预判 "立刻落实协议政策" 与 Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once 字面一致，直接锁定 D。