2018年考研英语一真题句子解析： By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage – where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.

Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage

这是由分号和 "and" 连接的三个并列分句。第一分句 "Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies..."、第二分句 "Kyd had written a tragedy..." 由分号连接，第三分句 "Marlowe had brought poetry and genius..." 由 "and" 连接。三个分句各有独立的主谓结构，彼此间是对等的语法关系，共同列举三组剧作家的成就，语义上呈递进顺承关系。

comedies that were at once popular and literary

主句是 "Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies"，第一层嵌套是定语从句 "that were at once popular and literary" 修饰 "comedies"。虽然此处只有两层结构（主句 + 定语从句），但这是句子中较为基础的嵌套形式。整个句子还包含时间状语从句 "By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five" 以及后续的定语从句 "where they had played no part..."，构成了更复杂的嵌套体系。

a tragedy that crowded the pit

主句是 "Kyd had written a tragedy"，第一层嵌套是定语从句 "that crowded the pit" 修饰 "a tragedy"。这是典型的两层嵌套结构：主句包含一个定语从句。

to triumph

"to triumph" 是不定式短语，在句中作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语 "poetry and genius" 的动作状态。该结构属于 "bring + 宾语 + to do" 句型，不定式说明宾语被带到某种状态或执行某个动作。此处表示 Marlowe 使诗歌和天才在普通舞台上获得了胜利。

By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five

"by the time" 引导时间状语从句时，主从句时态需严格呼应。当从句用过去时（was），主句必须用过去完成时（had made, had written, had brought）来表示「在从句时间点之前已经完成」的动作。

识别要点：1) 定位 "by the time" + 完整从句结构；2) 检查从句时态（此处 "Shakespeare was twenty-five" 为过去时）；3) 验证主句是否使用过去完成时（此处三个并列主句均为 "had + 过去分词"）；4) 理解时间逻辑：主句动作发生在从句时间点之前。

本句中 "by the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five" 作时间状语，主句 "Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made..." / "Kyd had written..." / "Marlowe had brought..." 三个并列分句均使用过去完成时，表示在莎士比亚25岁时这些剧作家已经完成了相应创作。

可迁移方法：遇到 "by the time" 时，先判断从句时态，再反推主句应用的时态（过去时→过去完成时，现在时→将来完成时），确保时间先后逻辑正确表达。