2021年12月·第2套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What do we learn from the first paragraph about early childhood education in the U.S.?是典型的「从某段我们了解到什么」句式，要的是段内已写明的客观信息，而非推断或主旨。

题干What do we learn from the first paragraph about early childhood education in the U.S.?是个特殊疑问句，主干是 What do we learn from the first paragraph，about early childhood education in the U.S. 是 learn 的话题补足，整体平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  It helps raise children's awareness of gender roles.说幼教「帮助提升」孩子的性别角色意识，但原文只说男教师缺失「影响」孩子正在形成的性别角色认知，并未说幼教在主动培养这种意识，把「被动塑造期」误读为「主动培养」。

• B)张冠李戴

  It exposes children to different ways of interaction.说的是文中「师资多样性」才能带来的好处，原文限定语是having access to diverse teachers，而题干问的是 early childhood education 整体——把条件子句的局部好处当成整体属性，是张冠李戴。

• C)✓ 正确
  • only about three percent of early childhood teachers are male↔a lack of male teachers
  • this can have an impact on young children↔negatively impacted

  预判是「男教师缺失带来负面影响」，It is negatively impacted by a lack of male teachers.正好把「缺失」与「负面影响」两块信息都点到了，是定位句的浓缩同义版。

• D)过度推断

  It clearly aims to form children's identity through play.说幼教「明确以通过游戏塑造孩子身份为目标」，原文只提到孩子的性别角色与身份处在「快速形成期」，并未说幼教把这当成目标，且 through play 只是different varieties of play and communication里的一部分，被拿来当整体目标。

What does Mindi Reich-Shapiro emphasize in her comment on childhood education?问的是某具体人物在评论中强调的内容，答案就在她说的话里，不是全篇主旨。

题干What does Mindi Reich-Shapiro emphasize in her comment on childhood education?主干是 What does Mindi Reich-Shapiro emphasize，in her comment on childhood education 是状语限定语境，结构清晰、无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • see other possibilities and other paths they can take↔broadening children's horizons
  • It's important for children↔The importance of

  预判强调「让孩子看到其他可能性」，The importance of broadening children's horizons.正是这句话的抽象浓缩，二者覆盖范围完全重合。

• B)张冠李戴

  The responsibilities of fathers for children's growth.说的是父亲的责任，但 Reich-Shapiro 在P2里通篇没提父亲——把同一篇文章后段such as fathers里出现的「父亲」嫁接到她头上，是张冠李戴。

• C)偷换概念

  The urgency of creating teacher education programs.谈的是建立教师教育项目的紧迫性，原文里 Reich-Shapiro 只是在the teacher education department任职，但她在P2里强调的是孩子的认知拓展，而非项目建设——利用她的所属系名做诱饵。

• D)过度推断

  The role of teachers in motivating children to learn.说的是教师在激励孩子学习中的作用，但原文里 Reich-Shapiro 谈的是让孩子看到不同可能，根本没提到学习动机或激励——把「看到可能」过度推断成「激励学习」。

What do we learn about male teachers from their responses in the study?要的是受访男教师在调查中说了什么，是研究汇报里的显性细节。

题干What do we learn about male teachers from their responses in the study?主干是 What do we learn about male teachers，from their responses in the study 是介词短语状语限定信息来源，整句结构平直、无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  Some of them find it awkward when hugging children.说的是男教师自己觉得拥抱孩子尴尬；原文是they had been advised by colleagues or other staff not to hug children——是同事的建议，不是男教师本人的主观感受。

• B)无中生有

  They feel pressured to keep up with female colleagues.说他们感到要「追赶女同事」的压力，但原文从未做男女教师之间的对照，更没说要 keep up with 女同事——属于无中生有。

• C)过度推断

  They find it hard to meet the expectations of kids' parents.说男教师「难以达到家长期望」，但原文只说有些家长surprised or concerned孩子有男教师，并没说家长对他们提出了某种「期望」，更没说他们「达不到」——是过度推断。

• D)✓ 正确
  • many of the male educators↔Many of them
  • facing social or cultural resistance↔feel prejudiced against socially and culturally

  预判直击「许多男教师感到社会文化层面的不接纳」，Many of them feel prejudiced against socially and culturally.在主体（many of them）、情感（feel prejudiced against）、范围（socially and culturally）三块都完全咬合。

What is needed for men to commit to early childhood education?问的是文章显性提到的留任条件，答案是原文中具体写出的因素。

题干What is needed for men to commit to early childhood education?主干是 What is needed，for men to commit to early childhood education 是不定式短语作状语表「为了…」，结构简单、无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • an increased salary↔Higher pay
  • a major motivating factor for them to commit to the career long-term↔What is needed for men to commit to early childhood education?

  预判明确指向「涨薪」，Higher pay.就是这一信息最直接、最简洁的同义版本，没有附加任何原文未明的内容。

• B)无中生有

  Job security.说的是工作稳定性或保障，原文虽提到男教师「打算留下来」，但讲的是个人意愿，并未把「工作保障」作为留下来所需的条件——属于无中生有。

• C)张冠李戴

  Social recognition.谈的是社会层面的认可，原文里「社会文化阻力」出现于P3，而第54题的定位段P4谈的是薪资动因——选项把第53题段的话题张冠李戴到第54题。

• D)以偏概全

  Better working conditions.说的是更好的工作条件——它是更宽的概念，可能包括薪资也可能不包括；但原文明确把动因点到「涨薪」，并未把笼统的「工作条件」列为动因，选项以偏概全。

What do the authors of the study recommend to bridge the gender gap in early childhood education?问的是作者明文给出的建议，是显性细节而非主旨。

题干What do the authors of the study recommend to bridge the gender gap in early childhood education?主干是 What do the authors of the study recommend，to bridge the gender gap in early childhood education 是不定式短语作状语表目的，结构清晰、无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  Recruiting young men who have a passion for educating young children.给目标人群加上 a passion for educating young children 的条件，但原文只说面向 young men 与「考虑转行的男性」，并没限定他们要「有热情」——属于无中生有。

• B)✓ 正确
  • providing young men opportunities to work with children through training and volunteer programs↔Taking measures to attract prospective male teachers to work in the field
  • groups of men who are considering a career change↔prospective male teachers

  预判强调「采取措施吸引潜在男性入行」，Taking measures to attract prospective male teachers to work in the field.恰好把「动作（taking measures）+对象（prospective male teachers）+目的（work in the field）」三块都覆盖到位。

• C)偷换概念

  Persuading prospective fathers to consider a change in their career.里 prospective fathers 指「准父亲」，但原文such as fathers指的是「已经是父亲的人」，且原文是把父亲作为「考虑转行的男性」的一个例子，而非要去「说服准父亲转行」——主体身份与动作方向都被偷换。

• D)与原文相反

  Providing male teachers with more opportunities for advancement.谈的是给已经在岗的男教师更多晋升机会，但原文P6的建议是「吸引尚未入行的人入行」，并非「给在岗的更多晋升」——动作对象（在岗 vs 未入行）与动作类型（晋升 vs 进入）都与原文相反。