2024年6月·第1套 英语四级长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 · 36–45 题答案与解析
本页是 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的真题与解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面:Directions 与 11 段共 1023 词的字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译),之后 10 句陈述(36–45,定位锚点强 10 句、弱 0 句,答案共命中 10 个段落)逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析(陈述句中译 / 信息所在段落 / 锚点强弱 / 定位句中英对照 / 陈述句与原文的同义改写 / 易混相邻段辨析),另附逐段主旨图。
信息匹配题和解析 · 36–45 题
本页 36–45 题的段落匹配答案与逐句解析由懒笔记基于2024年6月·第1套 英语四级长篇阅读(信息匹配)原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面:先是 Directions 与 11 段字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译);之后 10 句陈述逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析——陈述句中译、信息所在段落、锚点强弱、定位句中英对照、陈述句与原文的同义改写对照与易混相邻段辨析。
当我们每周只需要工作15小时时,我们将如何让自己忙碌起来?这是英国经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯在1930年撰写短文《我们后代的经济前景》时所担忧的问题。他预测,在接下来的一个世纪里,经济将变得如此高效,以至于人们几乎不需要工作。有一段时间,凯恩斯的预测似乎是正确的。1930年,美国的平均工作周为47小时。但到1970年,美国人平均工作时长已降至略低于39小时。
但随后情况发生了变化。工作周时长并未继续下降,而是保持稳定。近五十年来,它一直保持在略低于40小时的水平。那么发生了什么?为什么人们今天的工作时长与1970年一样多?
如果凯恩斯对技术提高经济生产率的力量判断错误的话,这就不会是个谜了,他认为这种力量会带来"比今天高四到八倍"的生活水平。但凯恩斯在这一点上是对的:技术使经济的生产率大幅提高。根据哈佛大学经济学家本杰明·M·弗里德曼的说法,美国经济正按计划在2029年达到凯恩斯预测的八倍增长。那是在凯恩斯所能获取的最后数据之后的一个世纪。
在一篇新论文中,弗里德曼试图弄清楚为什么生产率的提高没有转化为休闲时间的增加。也许人们在物质上永远不会感到满足,总是想要更多的钱来购买下一件新东西。这是一个吸引许多经济学家的理论。"这个论点充其量远远不够,"他写道。如果是这样的话,为什么工作周时长一开始会下降呢?
弗里德曼考虑的另一个理论是,在一个为个人联系和关系提供有效机会的场所越来越少的时代,人们可能更重视工作中发生的社交活动。这一理论有其支持依据。今天许多人把同事视为朋友。但弗里德曼认为,支持这一理论的证据远非确凿。许多员工表示,他们希望花更多时间与家人在一起,而不是在工作中。此外,这一理论无法解释20世纪70年代美国工作周趋势的变化。
第三种可能性对弗里德曼来说更具说服力。那就是:美国的不平等意味着生产率提高的成果并非由每个人广泛分享。换句话说,大多数美国人太穷而无法减少工作。与弗里德曼考虑的其他两种解释不同,这种解释在时间顺序上是吻合的。在第二次世界大战后的时期,美国的不平等现象有所下降,工作周时长也随之下降。但自20世纪70年代初以来,不平等现象急剧上升。
凯恩斯关于缩短工作周的预测基于这样一个理念:每个人的生活水平将继续提高。但弗里德曼说,事实并非如此。尽管凯恩斯的八倍数字对整体经济而言是成立的,但对于美国中位数工人来说,情况完全不同。对他们而言,到2029年的产出可能只是凯恩斯写作时的约3.5倍。这略低于他预测的四到八倍范围。
这可以从这一时期中位数工人的收入中看出,其中包括1973年的转变,这恰好与工作周停止缩短的时间相吻合。根据弗里德曼的说法,在1947年至1973年间,农业以外的私营行业普通工人(那些不担任管理职务的人)的平均小时工资,就其货币购买力而言,几乎翻了一番。但到2013年,普通工人的平均小时工资就实际购买力而言,比1973年的水平下降了5%。因此,尽管自1973年以来美国人的收入可能有所增加,但美国工人用他们的钱实际能购买的数量却下降了。因此,对于大多数美国人来说,生产率提高的魔力在1973年左右停止发挥作用。因此,他们不得不继续工作同样长的时间以维持生活水平。
凯恩斯预测的是经济学家所称的技术性失业的一个非常乐观的版本。这个理念是,由于机器可以做很多事情,所需的劳动力将会减少。在凯恩斯的设想中,由此产生的失业将以增加休闲时间的形式或多或少均匀地分布在整个社会。但弗里德曼说,对美国人而言,现实要黑暗得多。美国现在的劳动力市场中,数百万人——那些技能较少、教育水平较低的人——正在寻找任何他们能得到的低薪工作。最近的一项民意调查证实了这一点,该调查发现,对于一半的按小时计酬的工人来说,他们最关心的不是工作太多,而是工作太少。这很可能不是因为他们如此喜欢自己的工作。相反,我们可以推测这是因为他们需要钱。
这一解释留下了一个重要问题。如果非常富有的人——那些从凯恩斯时代以来生产率提高中获得高于平均水平收益的工人——能够负担得起减少工作,为什么他们继续工作那么多?(事实上,研究表明,美国收入最高的人往往工作最多。)弗里德曼认为,对许多高收入者来说,工作是一种热爱的劳动。他们正在做自己关心和感兴趣的工作,做更多这样的工作不一定是负担。对他们来说,这甚至可能是一种乐趣。这些高收入者从工作中获得意义,工作是他们如何看待自己的重要组成部分。当然,他们获得的报酬水平使这一切变得值得。
弗里德曼得出结论,凯恩斯预测的繁荣已经到来。毕竟,整体经济的增长甚至比他预期的还要辉煌。但对大多数美国人来说,这种繁荣无处可见。因此,那些更短的工作周也无处可见。
陈述句与逐句解析
有些人将职场社交视为发展个人关系的机会。
把职场社交当作发展私人关系的机会
Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work.
弗里德曼考察的另一种理论是:在一个能提供有效私人联结与关系机会的场合越来越少的时代,人们可能更看重发生在工作场所的社交。
- socializing at the workplacethe socializing that happens at work
同义替换
- a chance to develop personal relationshipseffective opportunities for personal connections and relationships
上位概括 + 名词转动词
尽管生产率不断提高,普通美国工人的平均时薪却有所下降,因此他们不得不像以前一样工作同样长的时间来维持生活水平。
时薪下降但生产率上升、为维持生活水平不得不维持工时
Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.
因此,尽管 1973 年以来美国人的收入或许有所增加,但美国工人实际能用这些钱买到的东西却变少了。对大多数美国人而言,生产率上升的魔力大约在 1973 年前后就不再奏效,所以为了维持生活水平,他们不得不一如既往地继续工作。
- ordinary American workers' average hourly pay had decreasedthe average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power
数字弱化 + 同义替换
- despite increasing productivitythe magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973
尽管/即便的逻辑等值
- they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standardsthey had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living
同义词替换 + 句式同构
- G
G 段虽然也涉及生产率与生活水平,但说的是 output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing 这种产出倍数口径,没有 average hourly pay had decreased 的时薪下降事实,也没有 work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards 的工时结论,只覆盖一部分。
output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing
- F
F 段虽然也回答工时为什么没缩短,但用的解释是 American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone 与 most Americans are too poor to work less,没有出现陈述句要求的 average hourly pay had decreased 这一时薪下降事实,话题接近但事实点不同。
most Americans are too poor to work less
美国工人的平均每周工作时间近半个世纪以来没有变化。
周工时近半个世纪没变
Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades.
周工时没有继续下降,而是保持稳定,在略低于 40 小时的水平上保持了将近五十年。
- American workers' average weekly working timethe duration of the working week
同义替换 + 默认主语
- has not changed for nearly half a centuryremained stable 与 It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades
否定式同义改写 + 数字单位换算
- A
A 段虽然也讲美国周工时,但描述的是 by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39 这一段下降史实,方向是下降而不是 has not changed for nearly half a century 的停滞,时间段也不同。
by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39
Friedman认为美国的不平等现象在很大程度上解释了为什么生产率提高没有导致工作时间减少。
弗里德曼用不平等解释生产率上升却没换来更少工时
A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less.
第三种可能性对弗里德曼来说更有说服力——美国的不平等意味着生产率上升的收益并没有被所有人广泛分享;换句话说,大多数美国人穷得没办法少工作。
- Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hoursA third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman
态度强度同义
- inequality in the U.S.American inequality
形容词与介词短语互换
- why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hoursthe gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone 与 most Americans are too poor to work less
因果链改写 + 结果同义
- D
D 段同样涉及弗里德曼的解释体系,但讨论的是 people just never feel materially satisfied 这种物欲假说,弗里德曼对它的态度是 far from sufficient,与陈述句的 inequality 主张与 Friedman believes 的强度都不一致。
people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing
- E
E 段讨论的是 people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work 这一社交价值假说,弗里德曼的态度是 the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive,与陈述句要的 inequality 不平等假说不是同一维度。
people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work
许多经济学家认为人们对物质的渴望使他们无法享受更多的休闲时间。
许多经济学家认为对物质的渴望挡住了人享受闲暇
Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals to many economists.
也许是人在物质上从不会感到满足,总想要更多的钱去买下一件新东西。这是一种让许多经济学家信服的理论。
- Many economists assumeThis is a theory that appeals to many economists
持有理论 = 认为
- people's thirst for material thingspeople just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing
名词化概括
- prevented them from enjoying more leisure timewhy that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time
因果反向同义
- E
E 段虽然也是弗里德曼考察的另一种解释,但观点是 people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work,关键词是社交不是物质,不符合陈述句的 thirst for material things。
people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work
- F
F 段的核心解释是 American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone,归因落在不平等,与 thirst for material things 的物欲归因不是同一种解释。
American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone
一位经济学家关于平均工作周缩短的预测在20世纪的一段时间内似乎是正确的。
某位经济学家关于更短周工时的预测在 20 世纪曾一度看似正确
How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was the question that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay "Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren" in 1930. Over the next century, he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39.
当我们一周只需工作 15 小时时,我们要拿什么来打发时间?这是 1930 年英国经济学家凯恩斯在写下短文《我们孙辈的经济可能性》时心里担忧的问题。他预言在接下来的一个世纪里,经济会变得高产到人几乎不必工作。有一段时间看起来凯恩斯说对了——1930 年美国的平均周工时是 47 小时,但到 1970 年已下降到略低于 39 小时。
- An economist's prediction about a shorter average working weekhe predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all
概括上位 + 名词化
- seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th centuryFor a while, it looked like Keynes was right 与 In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours 与 by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39
时间副词换 + 具体年份概括为世纪
- C
C 段同样肯定凯恩斯的预测,但对的是 Technology has made the economy massively more productive 这条技术-生产率预测,而非陈述句要的 a shorter average working week 周工时缩短预测。
Technology has made the economy massively more productive
在美国劳动力市场,受教育程度较低、技能较少的人首要关注的是获得任何工作,即使报酬很低。
受教育与技能较少者最在意能找到任何工作、哪怕低薪
Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little.
美国现在的劳动力市场上,数以百万计的人——技能较少、受教育较少的人——正在寻找任何能找到的低薪工作。最近一项民意调查也证实了这一点:在时薪工人中,有一半人最担心的不是自己工作太多,而是工作太少。
- people with less schooling and fewer skillsthose with fewer skills and less education
同义词替换 + 语序互换
- the primary concerntheir top concern
同义词替换
- to secure any employment even if it is low-paidseeking whatever poorly paid work they can get 与 their top concern is … that they work too little
同义动词替换 + 让步逻辑同义
- H
H 段虽然也讲美国普通劳动者,但用的描述是 normal workers (those who were not in management roles) 与 ordinary workers,讨论的是时薪购买力下降,与陈述句要的 people with less schooling and fewer skills 与 to secure any employment even if it is low-paid 不在一个对象与目标上。
between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers
Keynes预测技术将使经济的生产率大幅提高,这一预测是正确的。
凯恩斯关于技术让经济大幅增产的预测被证实
There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy's productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living "between four and eight times as high as it is today." But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive.
如果凯恩斯关于技术能提升经济生产率的判断是错的,那这件事就没什么神秘的了——他当年认为这种技术力量会让生活水平比今天高四到八倍。但凯恩斯这一点说对了:技术已经让经济的生产率大幅提升。
- Keynes was right in predictingBut Keynes got that right
同义短语
- technology would make the economy much more productiveTechnology has made the economy massively more productive
时态切换 + 副词同义
- A
A 段虽然也涉及凯恩斯,但对的是 he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all 这一工时预测的早期成立期;陈述句要的是技术-生产率本身被证实,对位的是 C 段的 Technology has made the economy massively more productive。
he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all
- G
G 段虽然也提凯恩斯,但讨论的是 Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone 与该预测对中位数工人不成立的反例,态度是部分否定;陈述句要的是技术-生产率预测被肯定,方向相反。
But Friedman says that this is not what has happened
许多高收入者对自己所从事的工作有着浓厚的兴趣和热爱。
许多最高收入者对自己所做的事抱有浓厚兴趣与热爱
Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden.
弗里德曼认为,对很多顶层高收入者来说,工作就是出于爱的劳动;他们在做自己关心、感兴趣的事,多做一点也未必是负担。
- Many of the highest earnersthe highest earners in America 与 for many top earners
同义词替换
- a keen interest in and love for what they are doingwork is a labor of love 与 They are doing work they care about and are interested in
习语展开 + 同义改写
- I
I 段讨论的是 those with fewer skills and less education,他们的态度是 we can assume it is because they need the money——出于需要钱,而非陈述句要的 a keen interest in and love for what they are doing 出于热爱。
we can assume it is because they need the money
根据Keynes的观点,在每个人的生活水平持续提高的同时,工作周将会缩短。
凯恩斯认为周工时缩短的同时所有人生活水平继续上升
Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone.
凯恩斯关于周工时会缩短的预测,建立在所有人生活水平会持续上升这一前提之上。
- According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working weekKeynes's prediction of a shorter working week
态度归属 + 名词化
- everyone's standard of living continuing to risethe standard of living would continue rising for everyone
句式重构 + 主语位置互换
- A
A 段虽然也讲凯恩斯与更短周工时,但表达的是 For a while, it looked like Keynes was right 与 he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all,没有出现 everyone's standard of living continuing to rise 这一前提条件。
he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all
- C
C 段虽然也提到凯恩斯所谓的生活水平 between four and eight times as high as it is today,但主线是 Technology has made the economy massively more productive 这一技术-生产率预测的成立,没有把 a shorter working week 与 everyone's standard of living continuing to rise 这两块信息绑在一起。
Technology has made the economy massively more productive
11 个段落各讲了什么
逐段一句主旨 + 该段最具区分度的「信息指纹」,是逐句回扫定位的工作台。
- A
引出英国经济学家凯恩斯 1930 年的旧文与预言——技术会让经济极度高产、人每周只需工作很少;并给出 1930 年到 1970 年美国周工时确实从 47 小时降到不足 39 小时这一段历史佐证。
信息指纹 凯恩斯 1930 年旧文与早期周工时下降史实
- B
1970 年之后周工时不再下降,而是稳定在略低于 40 小时、维持了将近 50 年,提出本文核心疑问:为什么今天的人工时和 1970 年差不多?
信息指纹 周工时停滞近五十年这一关键事实
- C
肯定凯恩斯关于技术能极大提升生产率的判断没有错——美国经济正按 eight-fold 的轨道在 2029 年前后实现凯恩斯当年预测的八倍增长。
信息指纹 凯恩斯对技术与生产率的预测被证实
- D
弗里德曼讨论第一种解释——人在物质上从不满足、总想要更多新东西,所以宁愿继续工作;但他认为这一被许多经济学家接受的理论远不充分。
信息指纹 物欲不满足假说及其被否定
- E
弗里德曼讨论第二种解释——在能建立私人联结的场合越来越少的时代,人们可能更看重职场里的社交,所以选择继续在工作中度过时间。
信息指纹 工作社交价值假说
- F
弗里德曼更认可的第三种解释——美国的不平等让生产率增长的收益没有惠及大多数人,大多数美国人穷得没法少工作;并指出不平等的时间走向恰好和工时停滞吻合。
信息指纹 不平等假说与时间走向吻合
- G
凯恩斯关于周工时缩短的预测建立在所有人生活水平都同步上升的假设上;但对美国中位数劳动者而言,到 2029 年产出大约只有 1930 年的 3.5 倍,低于凯恩斯四到八倍的预测区间。
信息指纹 中位数劳动者只达到 3.5 倍、跑不出凯恩斯区间
- H
用中位数劳动者的工资数据落地不平等论:1947 到 1973 年普通工人时薪购买力近乎翻倍,1973 后却下滑,到 2013 年比 1973 年低 5%,所以普通人必须继续多工作才能维持生活水平。
信息指纹 1973 年这一拐点与时薪购买力下滑 5%
- I
把凯恩斯所谓的技术性失业放在美国的现实里看:劳动力市场上技能与受教育程度较低者只能去抢任何能找到的低薪工作;调查显示一半时薪工人最担心的不是工作太多,而是工作太少。
信息指纹 技能不足者抢低薪工作、担心做得不够多
- J
回答另一个悬而未决的问题——已经因生产率收益受益的高收入者为何还要拼命工作?弗里德曼认为,对许多顶层赚得最多的人来说,工作是出于热爱、是身份认同的一部分,并且回报丰厚。
信息指纹 高收入者把工作当作热爱与身份认同
- K
结论段——凯恩斯预测的繁荣对整个经济体而言确实到来了,甚至超过他的预期;但对大多数美国人来说看不到这份繁荣,因此更短的周工时也看不到。
信息指纹 结论性总括:繁荣有、但对大多数人看不见
30 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- Over the next century, he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all.
覆盖插入语识别、宾语从句、结果状语从句、系表结构、不定式作宾语、程度状语等多种成分,且"so...that"结构是考试常见考点。句中"barely"和"at all"的搭配、插入语的位置都是值得练习的易错点,训练价值较高。
- Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the working week remained stable.
本句涵盖主语(含后置定语)、系动词谓语、表语及句首状语(介词短语,内含动名词及不定式),成分种类有一定覆盖面。句首状语中 "continuing to decline" 的动名词与不定式搭配,可作为非谓语动词辨识的练习点。但因无从句、无复杂修饰或易混淆结构,训练价值中等。
- There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy's productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living "between four and eight times as high as it is today."
全句包含四层结构:主句、条件状语从句、非限制性定语从句(修饰条件从句中的宾语成分)、比较从句(嵌套在定语从句的宾语中)。定语从句修饰的对象位于条件从句内部,比较从句又嵌在定语从句的宾语短语里,层层咬合,需反复回读才能理清各层归属关系。
- According to Benjamin M.Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes's eight-fold(八倍) multiple by 2029.
典型的主系表结构,配合句首介词短语作状语,是四六级和考研阅读中常见的陈述句式;"According to" 引出来源、"on track to do" 表达进展状态,都是高频句式,掌握后可在大量句子中复用
- That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.
本句涵盖了主系表结构、省略关系代词的定语从句、介词短语作定语、固定搭配 have access to 等多种成分。特别是定语从句中关系代词的省略和宾语前置,以及虚拟语气的谓语结构,都是考试常见且易错的考点。对于练习成分划分和从句识别很有价值。
- In a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time.
主句 + 宾语从句 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。句中 try to do 结构、why 引导的宾语从句、现在完成时的使用都是考试常见考点。句子长度适中,复杂度适当,非常适合作为典型例句进行学习和迁移。
- "This argument is, at best, far from sufficient," he writes.
直接引语作宾语从句是学术写作和新闻报道的常见句式,插入语at best的用法也频繁出现在议论文中;这种引述结构在考研和四六级阅读中反复出现,典型性较高
- If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?
条件状语从句 + 疑问主句的组合是常见的反问句式,虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用也是考试高频考点。该句式在议论文和学术写作中常用于质疑假设,具有较高的代表性和可迁移性。
- Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work.
本句成分丰富:主句包含主系表结构,定语从句考查关系代词省略,表语从句考查从句作表语,内部含多个状语(时间背景状语、介词短语状语)和定语从句。涉及省略关系代词、从句嵌套、状语位置识别等多个易错点,覆盖面广,适合作为综合划分练习句。
- But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive.
"argue/claim/believe + that 从句" 是学术写作和考试阅读中的高频句式,转折连词引出反驳观点也是议论文常见结构,典型性较强,掌握后迁移价值高。
- Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work.
主句带宾语从句的结构是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,特别是 "report/say/think + that从句" 这类表达。"would like to" 和 "rather than" 也是常考搭配,具有较强的代表性和迁移价值。
- Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s.
结构具有较高的典型性。情态动词 + 动词原形 + 宾语的结构,以及宾语后接多层介词短语定语的模式,在学术写作和考试阅读中非常常见,尤其是在表达能力、可能性、评价等语义时。这种结构简单但实用性强,学生掌握后可以在大量类似句子中快速识别主干和修饰关系,具有良好的迁移价值。
- In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less.
"主语 + 系动词 + 表语(含 too...to... 结构)" 是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式。"too...to..." 表示 "太...以至于不能..." 是高频考点。插入语 "In other words" 也是学术和正式文体的典型过渡表达。掌握本句结构可迁移到大量类似句子。
- Although Keynes's eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median(中位数的) American worker.
让步状语从句搭配主句的转折对比结构在四六级和考研阅读中非常常见,是典型的论证句式。掌握这种 "Although... 从句, 主句" 的模式对理解学术文本和议论文有较高的迁移价值。
- For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing.
"be likely to be" 表达可能性、"倍数 + what" 引导比较结构、时间状语从句修饰过去状态,这些都是四六级和考研阅读中常见的句式。尤其倍数比较和 "what" 引导的名词性结构在真题中频繁出现,掌握后可复用于大量类似句子,典型性较高。
- This can be seen in the median worker's income over this time period, complete with a shift in 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking.
本句成分丰富:主句包含主语、情态被动谓语、两个状语(地点状语和补充说明状语);定语从句包含关系代词主语、谓语、方式状语、介词状语;宾语从句包含时间状语引导词、主语、谓语。覆盖了情态被动、定语从句主语、介词宾语从句、短语动词、方式状语等多种易错点,适合作为成分划分练习句。
- But by 2013 the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power.
本句结构为 "主语(带定语) + 时间状语 + 谓语(过去完成时) + 程度状语 + 参照状语 + 方式状语",这种 "一个主句 + 多个状语修饰谓语" 的模式在四六级和考研阅读中非常常见,尤其是描述统计数据、事实变化的句子。学习者掌握这一句式后可广泛迁移到类似语境,典型性较高。
- For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973.
简单句在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见,尤其是句首带状语、主语含后置定语、谓语为动词短语这种结构。'stop doing' 结构也是高频考点。但简单句本身在真题中占比不如复合句和长难句高,且本句缺少从句、并列等更典型的考试句式特征,因此典型性中等偏上。
- Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.
本句的 have to do 表示必要性、keep doing 表示持续动作、in order to do 表示目的,这三种结构都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。句子整体结构简洁但包含典型用法,学习者掌握后可以在大量类似句子中复用这些模式。
- What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment.
主系表结构配合主语从句和嵌套的宾语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,what 引导的名词性从句尤其常见。本句结构典型、可迁移性强,掌握后可应用于大量类似句子的分析。
- Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get.
本句涵盖主谓宾、时间状语、地点状语、同位语、定语从句、宾语从句等多种成分,且定语从句中"in which"结构、宾语从句中"whatever"引导的特殊用法、破折号引出同位语等都是值得练习的常见难点,成分种类丰富,适合作为综合训练材料。
- This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little.
句子包含四层嵌套:主句→定语从句→宾语从句→两个并列表语从句。宾语从句内部还插入了for half of hourly workers状语,并在表语位置使用not...but...并列结构,多个层级咬合紧密,需要反复确认各that的归属才能理清关系
- If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes's time—can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much?
条件从句包含主语同位语(内嵌定语从句)、情态动词谓语、不定式宾语,定语从句涵盖关系代词主语、现在完成时谓语、宾语及两类状语,主句展示疑问句的主谓倒装及不定式宾语配程度状语;成分种类丰富,破折号插入与关系代词作主语是值得练习的易错点
- (Indeed, research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.)
主句加 that 引导的宾语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,research has shown that 这类学术表达非常典型。从句中一般现在时表趋势也是常见用法,整体结构代表性强,学生掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected.
比较级 + "than" 引导的比较从句是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式,掌握后可以大量复用。现在完成时表示过去动作对现在影响的用法也是常考时态。整体结构虽不复杂,但具有较高的代表性,适合作为基础训练材料。
- But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen.
简单句结构在考试中常见,"for + 对象" 引出范围状语和 "be + 不定式" 表被动状态的用法在阅读理解中时有出现,具有一定代表性,但不算高频难点句式。
- And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks.
本句作为成分划分练习句具有较高价值:它包含了倒装结构(neither 引起的主谓倒装)、系表结构、状语等多种成分,且倒装是学习者常见的易错点,能有效训练识别非常规语序中的主谓关系。
- As ordinary American workers' average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.
"As" 引导原因或背景状语从句、主句中 "have to" 表示客观必要性、目的状语不定式 "to keep"、让步状语 "despite + 动名词",都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,学习后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- Many economists assume people's thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time.
主句加宾语从句(引导词省略)是四六级和考研阅读中的高频结构,assume/believe/think等动词接从句的句式非常典型,从句内部"名词+现在完成时+固定搭配"的组合也常见,掌握后可大量迁移到同类句式。
- According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuing to rise.
涵盖 there be 句型的主语识别、with 复合结构作状语、现在分词短语作宾语补足语等多个易错点,成分种类丰富,适合训练学生辨析谓语与非谓语、识别真正主语、划分状语结构等能力。
本篇出现的 103 个英语四级真题高频词
下列单词既在本篇真题中出现,又是 英语四级 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- averageA2adj. 平均的
- economyB1n. 经济
- workingA2adj. 有工作的
- productivityB2n. 生产率
- economistB2n. 经济学家
- theoryB1n. 理论
- laborB1n. 劳动
- declineB2v. 下降
- productiveB2adj. 富有成效的
- inequalityB2n. 不平等
- increasedA2v. 增加了
- leisureB1n. 闲暇
- likelyA2adj. 很可能的
- accordC1n. (国家、团体间的)协议
- relationshipB1n. 关系
- caseA2n. 情况
- concernB1v. 涉及
- gainB1v. 获得;赢得
- powerA2n. 权力
- figureA2n. 数字
- incomeB1n. 收入
- assumeB2v. 假定
- increasingB1adj. 越来越多的
- thusB2adv. 因此,所以
- possibilityB1n. 可能性
- ordinaryB1adj. 普通的
- wageB1n. 工资
- explanationB1n. 解释
- unemploymentB2n. 失业(状态)
- actuallyA2adv. 实际上,事实上(用于纠正或补充信息)
- tendB1v. 倾向于,往往会
- millionA2num. 一百万
- supportA2v. 支持
- decadeB1n. 十年
- opportunityB1n. 机会
- accordingB1prep. 根据
- amountA2n. 数量
- viewA2n. 观点,看法
- accessB1n. 进入
- dataB1n. 数据
- materialB1n. 材料
- effectiveB1adj. 有效的,起作用的
- economicB2adj. 经济的
- connectionB1n. 联系
- unitedB1adj. 联合的
- argueB1v. 争论
- seekB1v. 寻找
- wrongA2adj. 错误的
- evidenceB1n. 证据
- shiftB1v. 移动
- colleagueB1n. 同事
- workplaceB1n. 工作场所
- maintainB1v. 维持
- trendB1n. 趋势
- statesA1n. 国家
- managementB1n. 管理
- rangeB1n. 范围
- despiteB1prep. 尽管
- interestedA1adj. 感兴趣的
- realityB1n. 现实
- concludeB2v. 断定;推断出
- essayB1n. 短文
- trackA2n. 小路
- appealB2v. 呼吁
- argumentB1n. 争论
- decreaseB1v. 减少,降低
- visionB2n. 视力
- necessarilyB2adv. 必然地
- indeedB1adv. 确实,的确(强调肯定)
- largelyB2adv. 主要地
- technologicalB2adj. 技术的
- confirmB1v. 证实
- multipleB2adj. 多个的
- slightlyB1adv. 稍微,略微,轻微地
- actualB1adj. 真实的
- burdenB2n. 负担
- settingB1n. 环境
- employmentB1n. 工作
- eraB2n. 时代
- followingB1adj. 接下来的
- stableB1adj. 稳定的
- secureB2adj. 安全的
- socializeB2v. 社交
- sufficientB2adj. 足够的
- unlikeB1prep. 不像
- schoolingB2n. 学校教育
- shrinkB2v. 缩小
- barelyB1adv. 几乎不
- keenB2adj. 热衷的
- mysteryB1n. 神秘的事物;难以理解的事
- optimisticB2adj. 乐观的;抱乐观态度的
- agricultureB2n. 农业
- deriveB2v. 获得
- poorlyB1adv. 糟糕地
- reapB2v. 获得,得到(回报、好处或后果)
- distributeB2v. 分发
- furthermoreB2adv. 此外
- pollB2n. 民意调查
- versionB1n. 版本
- paidA2v. 付款
- widelyB1adv. 广泛地
- compensateC1v. 补偿;赔偿
- preciselyB2adv. 精确地,准确地
全文 314 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全文去重后共 314 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 8 个 · 约 3%。
- 去重总词数
- 314
- B2 以上难词
- 3%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 87%
常见问题
围绕本篇的答案段、来源、锚点构成、词汇难度与逐句定位,逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇(36–45 句)的信息分别出自哪一段?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 是长篇阅读信息匹配题,共 10 句陈述(题号 36–45),需为每句找出信息所在的段落。各句答案段依次为 36 → E · 37 → H · 38 → B · 39 → F · 40 → D · 41 → A · 42 → I · 43 → C · 44 → J · 45 → G。答案段分布:A 段 1 句 · B 段 1 句 · C 段 1 句 · D 段 1 句 · E 段 1 句 · F 段 1 句 · G 段 1 句 · H 段 1 句 · I 段 1 句 · J 段 1 句。一段可对应多句、文中另有纯干扰段,单篇样本量小,分布不代表答题规律。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的文章选自哪里?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的阅读原文节选自 2016 年 1 月 7 日发表在《大西洋月刊》上的一篇题为 “Why Are Americans Working So Much?” 的文章。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的 10 句里强锚点、弱锚点各有几句?
- 按锚点强弱分诊,2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 共 强 10 句 · 弱 0 句。强锚点句含唯一的数字、专有名词或独特术语,可凭指纹近乎直达对应段;弱锚点句只有满篇可见的高频泛词,需先压出主干命题、再靠语义比对与「辨邻」排除话题相邻段才能定位。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的词汇难度如何?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文去重后共 314 个单词,按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖:A1 及以下约 41%、A2 及以下约 65%、B1 及以下约 87%、B2 及以下约 97%,B2 以上(C1/C2)难词共 8 个、约占 3%。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 出现了哪些英语四级高频词?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文出现 103 个英语四级真题高频词(这些词在历年英语四级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句)。按本篇出现次数排在前的有:average(本篇 7 次,adj. 平均的;普通的; 中等的(海损) | n. 平均数;平均水平 | v. 平均为;计算平均值)、economy(本篇 7 次,n. 经济;经济体系; 节约;节省 | adj. 经济舱的;廉价的)、working(本篇 7 次,adj. 有工作的;就业的; 工作中使用的;工作时的; 运转的;可使用的 | n. 工作方式;运作方式; 矿井;采掘场 | v. 工作(work 的现在分词))、productivity(本篇 7 次,n. 生产率;生产力; 生产能力;创造力; 多产;富有成效)、economist(本篇 6 次,n. 经济学家)、theory(本篇 5 次,n. 理论;学说; 观点;见解; 理论知识;原理)、labor(本篇 4 次,n. 劳动;工作; 劳工;工人阶级; 分娩;生产 | v. 努力工作;辛勤劳动; 详细阐述;反复说明)、decline(本篇 3 次,v. 下降;减少; 谢绝;婉拒; (语法)变格 | n. 下降;衰退; 斜坡;下坡)。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 36. Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 36 句的信息出自 E 段(强锚点句)。E 段定位句为「Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work.」(弗里德曼考察的另一种理论是:在一个能提供有效私人联结与关系机会的场合越来越少的时代,人们可能更看重发生在工作场所的社交。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(socializing at the workplace ↔ the socializing that happens at work;a chance to develop personal relationships ↔ effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships)。该句锚点唯一、直达对应段,文中无易混的相邻段。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 37. As ordinary American workers' average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 37 句的信息出自 H 段(强锚点句)。H 段定位句为「Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.」(因此,尽管 1973 年以来美国人的收入或许有所增加,但美国工人实际能用这些钱买到的东西却变少了。对大多数美国人而言,生产率上升的魔力大约在 1973 年前后就不再奏效,所以为了维持生活水平,他们不得不一如既往地继续工作。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(ordinary American workers' average hourly pay had decreased ↔ the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power;despite increasing productivity ↔ the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973;they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards ↔ they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living)。与之话题相邻的 G 段、F 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 38. American workers' average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 38 句的信息出自 B 段(强锚点句)。B 段定位句为「Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades.」(周工时没有继续下降,而是保持稳定,在略低于 40 小时的水平上保持了将近五十年。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(American workers' average weekly working time ↔ the duration of the working week;has not changed for nearly half a century ↔ remained stable 与 It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades)。与之话题相邻的 A 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 39. Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 39 句的信息出自 F 段(强锚点句)。F 段定位句为「A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less.」(第三种可能性对弗里德曼来说更有说服力——美国的不平等意味着生产率上升的收益并没有被所有人广泛分享;换句话说,大多数美国人穷得没办法少工作。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours ↔ A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman;inequality in the U.S. ↔ American inequality;why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours ↔ the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone 与 most Americans are too poor to work less)。与之话题相邻的 D 段、E 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 40. Many economists assume people's thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 40 句的信息出自 D 段(强锚点句)。D 段定位句为「Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals to many economists.」(也许是人在物质上从不会感到满足,总想要更多的钱去买下一件新东西。这是一种让许多经济学家信服的理论。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Many economists assume ↔ This is a theory that appeals to many economists;people's thirst for material things ↔ people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing;prevented them from enjoying more leisure time ↔ why that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time)。与之话题相邻的 E 段、F 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 41. An economist's prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 41 句的信息出自 A 段(强锚点句)。A 段定位句为「How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was the question that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay "Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren" in 1930. Over the next century, he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39.」(当我们一周只需工作 15 小时时,我们要拿什么来打发时间?这是 1930 年英国经济学家凯恩斯在写下短文《我们孙辈的经济可能性》时心里担忧的问题。他预言在接下来的一个世纪里,经济会变得高产到人几乎不必工作。有一段时间看起来凯恩斯说对了——1930 年美国的平均周工时是 47 小时,但到 1970 年已下降到略低于 39 小时。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(An economist's prediction about a shorter average working week ↔ he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all;seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century ↔ For a while, it looked like Keynes was right 与 In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours 与 by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39)。与之话题相邻的 C 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 42. In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 42 句的信息出自 I 段(强锚点句)。I 段定位句为「Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little.」(美国现在的劳动力市场上,数以百万计的人——技能较少、受教育较少的人——正在寻找任何能找到的低薪工作。最近一项民意调查也证实了这一点:在时薪工人中,有一半人最担心的不是自己工作太多,而是工作太少。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(people with less schooling and fewer skills ↔ those with fewer skills and less education;the primary concern ↔ their top concern;to secure any employment even if it is low-paid ↔ seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get 与 their top concern is … that they work too little)。与之话题相邻的 H 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 43. Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 43 句的信息出自 C 段(强锚点句)。C 段定位句为「There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy's productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living "between four and eight times as high as it is today." But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive.」(如果凯恩斯关于技术能提升经济生产率的判断是错的,那这件事就没什么神秘的了——他当年认为这种技术力量会让生活水平比今天高四到八倍。但凯恩斯这一点说对了:技术已经让经济的生产率大幅提升。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Keynes was right in predicting ↔ But Keynes got that right;technology would make the economy much more productive ↔ Technology has made the economy massively more productive)。与之话题相邻的 A 段、G 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 44. Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 44 句的信息出自 J 段(强锚点句)。J 段定位句为「Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden.」(弗里德曼认为,对很多顶层高收入者来说,工作就是出于爱的劳动;他们在做自己关心、感兴趣的事,多做一点也未必是负担。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Many of the highest earners ↔ the highest earners in America 与 for many top earners;a keen interest in and love for what they are doing ↔ work is a labor of love 与 They are doing work they care about and are interested in)。与之话题相邻的 I 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 45. According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuing to rise. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2024年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 45 句的信息出自 G 段(强锚点句)。G 段定位句为「Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone.」(凯恩斯关于周工时会缩短的预测,建立在所有人生活水平会持续上升这一前提之上。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week ↔ Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week;everyone's standard of living continuing to rise ↔ the standard of living would continue rising for everyone)。与之话题相邻的 A 段、C 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。