2018年6月·第2套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans? 问的是作者对一个具体行为的看法，定位明确、不要求跨段整合，按细节题处理。

主干 What does the author think of college students，后面 funding their education through loans 是现在分词作 students 的后置定语，相当于 "who are funding…"，理解为 "用借款交学费的大学生"，分词结构不是另一句话，别把 funding 当主句动词读。

• A)无中生有

  They only expect to get huge returns. 把作者只谈到的 "贷款行为不理智" 偷换为 "指望高回报"，原文从头到尾没出现 returns / profit 之类表述。

• B)✓ 正确
  • far from sensible↔acting in an irrational way

  预判要的是 "不理智"，irrational 正是 far from sensible 的字面同义，没有其他选项能在定位句里找到落点。

• C)张冠李戴

  They benefit at taxpayers' expense. 把后面 P3 才出现的 "纳税人买单" 提前塞进 51 题；但 P1 仅说学生 far from sensible，并未说他们正在占纳税人便宜。

• D)过度推断

  They will regret doing so someday. 把 "不理智" 推到 "将来会后悔"，多走了一步因果，P1 既没说 regret，也没说 someday。

In the author's opinion, free college education is ________. 是一个待补全的判断句，问作者对一个具体概念的判定，仍属细节题。

标准的 "主语＋系动词＋表语空位" 结构，空位填一个形容词或名词性短语充当表语；In the author's opinion 是插入语，去掉不影响主干。

• A)✓ 正确
  • it's impossible to produce something from nothing, costs are absolutely a barrier↔impractical

  预判要的是 "做不到"，而 impractical 字面就是 "不切实际 / 行不通"，与作者反事实条件＋ impossible 的判定一一对位。

• B)偷换概念

  unsustainable 暗示 "先能办、后维持不下去"，原文是 impossible to produce something from nothing，从一开始就办不到，不是维持问题。

• C)与原文相反

  a goal to strive for 把作者否定的 "免费" 包装成值得奋斗的目标，与 costs are absolutely a barrier 的彻底否定背道而驰。

• D)无中生有

  a way to social equality 把 free college 与 social equality 强行挂钩，但 P2 通篇只论可行性、不谈平等；此话题在文中始终缺席。

What should students do if taxpayers are to bear their college costs? 问的是一个条件下的具体行为建议，作者已在文中给出明确答复，属细节题。

主干 What should students do；if taxpayers are to bear their college costs 是 if 引导的条件状语从句，be to do 表 "被安排 / 注定要"，意为 "假如让纳税人来承担学费"。

• A)偷换概念

  Work even harder to repay society. 把 "选什么专业" 偷换为 "更努力工作"；P4 谈的是 "study what"，根本不是 "how hard to work"。

• B)以偏概全

  Choose their subjects more carefully. 只说 "更谨慎选择"，没说选择标准是 "对社会有用"；和 only study those subjects that're of greatest benefit to taxpayers 的硬约束比，缺少 "为纳税人 / 为社会" 这一关键限定。

• C)✓ 正确
  • students should only study those subjects that're of greatest benefit to taxpayers↔Choose majors that will serve society's practical needs

  预判核心是 "挑对社会有用的专业"。Choose majors 对应 study those subjects，serve society's practical needs 对应 of greatest benefit to taxpayers，无遗漏。

• D)偷换概念

  Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration. 把纳税人的发言权由 taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study 偷换为 college administration，越过了原文限定的范围。

What does the author say about the value of a student's college education? 问作者就 value 给出的具体表述，定位单点、属细节题。

主干 What does the author say about the value；of a student's college education 是介词短语作 value 的后置定语，整体翻成 "学生大学教育的价值"。

• A)无中生有

  It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers. 把 the wage employers are willing to pay 中性事实表述偷换为带贬义的 "被逐利雇主低估"，原文未出现 underestimate 或 profit-seeking 的负面定性。

• B)偷换概念

  It is to be proved by what they can do on the job. 把 reflected in the wage 偷换为 proved by what they can do on the job，焦点从 "工资多少" 转成 "工作表现"，两者并不等同。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have↔It is well reflected in their average starting salary
  • the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay↔It is well reflected in their average starting salary

  P5 一上来谈 Average starting salaries，结尾再以 reflected in the wage 收束，reflected in … average starting salary 同时承接两处，是唯一全覆盖的选项。

• D)无中生有

  It is embodied in how they remove social barriers. 借用 Costs won't be a barrier 中的 barrier 一词制造熟悉感，但 P5 既未谈 social barriers，也未谈 remove。

What message does the author want to convey in the passage? 既有 message 又有 in the passage，两个主旨信号叠加，必走主线串联。

主干 What message does the author want to convey，in the passage 是地点状语限定范围；want to convey = 想要传达，无任何陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  Students should think carefully whether to go to college. 把全文焦点 "谁付钱" 偷换为 "是否上大学"；P1 至 P9 从未质疑 "上不上" 这件事。

• B)无中生有

  Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students. 凭空加进 most gifted students 的资助标准；P4 谈的是 "选有用的专业"，不是 "挑天才学生"。

• C)与原文相反

  The worth of a college education is open to debate. 借用 The actual question we debate 的 debate 一词制造熟悉感，但作者在 P9 里其实给出了**明确**结论 Either way, taxpayers have no business paying，态度毫不含糊，不是 "open to debate"。

• D)✓ 正确
  • Either way, taxpayers have no business paying for students' college education.↔College students should fund their own education.
  • Or we can allow students both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves↔College students should fund their own education

  P8 的 Or 分支正面说 "学生自选自付"，P9 用 Either way 反向说 "纳税人不该付"，两句一正一反共同指向 College students should fund their own education，是唯一覆盖全篇主线的选项。