2004年 考研英语（旧卷）阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars? 直接问作者「想用这两个例子说明什么」，符合例证目的题的典型句式。

What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars? 是常规特殊疑问句，主干为 What does the author intend to illustrate，with 短语表示「用…来说明」，没有任何陷阱结构。

• A)✓ 正确
  • But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism↔A kind of overlooked inequality
  • Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman↔A kind of overlooked inequality

  AAAA/Zodiac 是众所周知的不公，Adam/Zoë 是鲜为人知的不公，作者用前者反衬后者，意在揭示这一被忽视的不平等，与 A kind of overlooked inequality 完全吻合。

• B)与原文相反

  A type of conspicuous bias 中 conspicuous（显眼的）与原文 insidious 与 Less well known 正相反，方向完全颠倒。

• C)偷换概念

  A type of personal prejudice 中 personal（个人的）暗示是个体偏见；原文谈的是社会层面的系统性歧视（涉及总统、富豪等群体），范围被缩窄。

• D)以偏概全

  A kind of brand discrimination（品牌歧视）只对应 AAAA/Zodiac 公司例的字面，忽略了 Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman 这层人姓氏的真正论点。

What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? 完全符合推断题的标准句式。

What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? 句式简单，from 短语指明推断的依据范围，无理解障碍。

• A)无中生有

  原文只举了美国总统、G7、富豪等西方例子，even if one of them really uses Japanese characters 是一句轻描淡写的让步，并未支持「名字对东西方都至关重要」。

• B)过度推断

  The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman 中 failure（失败）远比原文 less … advantage（占便宜较少）严重，且 to blame for（归咎于）把相关性升级为因果责任。

• C)以偏概全

  Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names 只覆盖 a taxi firm called AAAA cars 一个例子，且原文是 thumb through phone directories（翻名录），并不能推出「顾客重视公司名」这一普遍结论。

• D)✓ 正确
  • one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism↔Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize
  • for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage↔too subtle to recognize

  正确项 = 把前三段的核心事实「这种歧视存在却被忽视」抽象成「歧视太隐蔽以至于难以识别」，正是一步延伸，符合推断题作答规范。

The 4th paragraph suggests that 是补全句结构，配合 suggests 判为推断题。

The 4th paragraph suggests that_____. 是「主语+suggests+that 从句」的补全句，选项即从句内容，下笔时把选项整句嫁接到 suggests 之后即可。

• A)无中生有

  原文只说前排学生因座位被多提问，从未说他们「更聪明」；questions are often put to the more intelligent students 中的 more intelligent 凭空添加。

• B)与原文相反

  alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class 中 escape from class（逃课）字面误导自 At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape——原文意为「以为逃过一劫」，并非「逃课」。

• C)✓ 正确
  • those insensitive teachers↔teachers should pay attention to all of their students
  • they get less individual attention↔pay attention to all of their students

  段落只描述了「老师忽视后排学生造成不公」的负面事实，按 suggests 的题型要求，作答应是它隐含的正面应然——老师应当关注所有学生。

• D)以偏概全

  students should be seated according to their eyesight 抓住了 short-sighted Zysman junior 这个修饰性细节，并将其升格为段意建议，与作者真实意图不符。

What does the author mean by 加上引号短语，是词义句意题的固定形态。

What does the author mean by "most people are literally having a ZZZ" 中 literally 修饰 having a ZZZ，ZZZ 是漫画里表示打瞌睡的拟声符号，理解为「字面意义上在打呼噜」即可。

• A)以偏概全

  They are getting impatient（不耐烦）只是 dozing off（已睡着）的前一步状态，原文 literally having a ZZZ 强调「真的在打呼噜」，已经越过不耐烦。

• B)✓ 正确
  • most people are literally having a ZZZ↔They are noisily dozing off

  从拟声修辞 ZZZ 还原为字面动作即 noisily dozing off，与上下文「典礼冗长、听众失去注意力」吻合。

• C)张冠李戴

  They are feeling humiliated 中 humiliated（感到羞辱）对应的是 The humiliation continues 的句子，但那是描述「被忽视的 Zysmans」的处境，不是 ZZZ 句的语义。

• D)无中生有

  They are busy with word puzzles（在玩字谜）字面联想 ZZZ 像字谜里的符号，但原文从未提及字谜，是凭空臆造。

Which of the following is true according to the text? 强调「与原文一致」，属于细节判断而非推断。

Which of the following is true according to the text? 是常规筛选式问句，according to the text 限定判定依据为原文字面信息，不容外延。

• A)过度推断

  People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated 中 ill-treated（被虐待）远比原文 lose interest、less individual attention 严重，且 often 把「可能/偶有」升格为「经常」。

• B)过度推断

  VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism 暗示名人靠字母表歧视获益甚多；但原文只是观察到名人多姓 A\~K 的相关性，Can this merely be coincidence? 表明作者也只是提出疑问，未定因果。

• C)无中生有

  The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go 中 campaign（运动）原文从未提及；文中没有任何反对字母表歧视的运动，纯属虚构。

• D)✓ 正确
  • all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them↔Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias
  • teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names↔may lead to unintentional bias

  D 用 may（程度词温和）+ unintentional（无意识）+ bias（偏向），三处都与全文措辞精确对应，是最稳的真陈述。