2020年7月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干What is scientists' finding about dreaming是“what is …finding”句式，问一个具体事实，不含 infer/imply 等推断信号，也不问 mainly about/title，属常规细节题。

What is scientists' finding about dreaming? 主干是 What is scientists' finding，about dreaming 是介词短语作 finding 的后置定语，限定“关于做梦的发现”。句子结构简单，无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  It involves disconnected weird images只是the fragmented, often bizarre imaginings they generate at night的转述，是“梦的现象”而非“科学家的发现”，与题干所问的 finding 不在同一语义层。

• B)偷换概念

  It resembles fragments of science fiction借It might sound like science fiction这句比喻造干扰；原文只是说“听起来像科幻小说”，并不是科学家的发现内容。

• C)✓ 正确
  • dreaming about a task we've learned↔Dreaming about a learned task
  • is associated with improved performance in that activity↔betters its performance

  预判要点“梦到所学任务→表现提升”，Dreaming about a learned task betters its performance恰好覆盖“梦到所学任务”和“表现提升”两个语义成分，与定位句完全对位。

• D)无中生有

  原文只谈梦对学习的“正向作用”，从未提及Dreaming about things being learned disturbs one's sleep中所说的“扰乱睡眠”这一层；属凭空增加结论。

题干What happens when one enters a dream state问“进入梦境时发生什么”，是对客观事实的提问，不含推断信号。

What happens when one enters a dream state? 主句 What happens 是主语从句疑问形式，when 引导时间状语从句修饰 happens，one 是泛指代词。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake只描述了patients with conditions like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper engages in the kind of physical movement that does not normally occur during sleep这一梦游异常情况；原文明示这并非常态。

• B)无中生有

  The neural activity of the brain will become intensified借neural(神经的) virtual reality中的 neural 一词造形似干扰；原文只说大脑重演活动，从未说神经活动“变得更强烈”。

• C)过度推断

  The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game把原文比喻what one psychologist calls a neural(神经的) virtual reality扩写为“在玩虚拟现实电子游戏”，添加了 game 这一无中生有的设定。

• D)✓ 正确
  • the brain replays↔The brain once again experiences
  • the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours↔the learning activities of the day

  预判核心“大脑再次经历白天的活动”，The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day在“再次”“经历”“白天活动”三处均精确等值。

题干What does the brain do while we are sleeping是 what does X do 句式，问大脑在做什么这一客观行为。

What does the brain do while we are sleeping? 主句 What does the brain do 是疑问句，while we are sleeping 是时间状语从句，sleeping 是现在分词。无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  It systematizes all the data collected during the day把原文what's important（重要的部分）擅自扩大为 all the data（全部数据），与原文“筛取重要”相矛盾。

• B)与原文相反

  It substitutes old information with new data说“用新数据替代旧信息”，与定位句integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know恰好相反——原文是把新数据“整合进”已有知识，并非“替换掉”已有知识。

• C)✓ 正确
  • drawing what's important from the information and events we've recently encountered↔It processes and absorbs newly acquired data
  • the information and events we've recently encountered↔newly acquired data

  预判核心“提取+整合新信息”，It processes and absorbs newly acquired data两个谓语动词精确对应定位句的两个动名词，是最贴合的同义替换。

• D)无中生有

  It classifies information and places it in different files中的 classifies（分类）+ places…in different files（放入不同文件）在原文中找不到对应；原文只说“提取重要+整合进已有知识库”，没有“分门别类放进不同档案”这一层动作。

题干What does Robert Stickgold suggest about enhancing learning问某人具体建议什么，是事实型问题。

What does Robert Stickgold suggest about enhancing learning? 主干 What does Robert Stickgold suggest，about enhancing learning 介词短语作 suggest 的状语，限定话题范围。enhancing 是动名词。无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon↔Having a little sleep after studying in the day

  Stickgold 的建议含两条，其中“下午学完后小睡”一条与Having a little sleep after studying in the day逐词对位；选项不必复述全部建议，只要属于建议之一即正确。

• B)偷换概念

  Staying up late before going to bed（睡前熬夜）与原文studying right before bedtime（临睡前学习）方向完全不同——原文建议的是睡前“学习”，不是“熬夜”。

• C)以偏概全

  Having a dream about anything说“做关于任何事的梦”，而原文dreaming about the material强调“梦到所学的材料”——选项把对象 the material 扩大成 anything，与原意不符。

• D)张冠李戴

  Thinking about the odds of dreaming about the material借用原文最后一句Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight并改造为“去想梦到材料的几率”，但原文这句是给读者的提醒，不是 Stickgold 的“增强学习”建议；同时把 odds 这一名词强行说成 Stickgold 建议的“做法”。

题干What can be inferred about dreaming from the passage中 inferred 显式宣告本题问“从全文可推出”，不是问字面陈述。

What can be inferred about dreaming from the passage? 主干是 What can be inferred，be inferred 是被动语态（情态动词 can+be+过去分词），about dreaming 与 from the passage 都是介词短语作状语，分别限定推断对象和推断依据来源。被动结构提示考生关注“可被推出来的内容”，而非原文字面说法。

• A)✓ 正确
  • dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what we learn↔We may enhance our learning through dreaming
  • college students who dreamed about a computer maze(迷宫) task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to find their way through the maze compared with participants who did not dream about the task↔We may enhance our learning through dreaming

  全文研究结论、机制、实验、建议四层证据全部指向“做梦有助于学习”，We may enhance our learning through dreaming恰好是这条主线的一步合理外推，且情态动词 may 留出合理余地，最稳。

• B)以偏概全

  Dreaming improves your language ability只对应原文括号里举的语言例证we're "getting" a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it，不能覆盖迷宫实验、Stickgold 建议等其他区间；且原文用 popular notion（流行观念）描述此说法，并非作者断言。

• C)以偏概全

  All sleepwalkers perform dance moves when they are sleeping把原文one female patient on the tape performs the dance moves she learned earlier中“某位女患者”扩大为“所有梦游者”，把单一例证拔到全称命题。

• D)强加因果

  Taking a nap after learning can help you find the way through the maze强行把第四段哈佛迷宫实验与第五段 Stickgold 的小睡建议拼成因果关系——原文中两者只是分别论证“做梦助学”这一更大主线，并未明示“学完小睡就能走出迷宫”。