2020年7月·第1套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干 What does the author say sounds ironic? 用 what 直接索取作者点名为讽刺的那件事，无 infer/imply/main idea 字样。

What does the author say sounds ironic? 是宾语前置的间接引语：what 是 sounds ironic 的逻辑主语，the author say 作插入语；还原即 the author says (that) what sounds ironic。无陷阱，但要留意它问的是"被作者认为讽刺的事"，不是"讽刺地……"。

• A)无中生有

  Some predators may often turn out to be prey of other predators. 谈"天敌也是别的天敌的猎物"的食物链问题，原文只提 humans 既是 predator 又是 prey，并未讨论天敌之间的相互捕食。

• B)✓ 正确
  • since humans have wiped out many animal predators, some see hunting as a natural way to reduce the herds of prey animals that now reproduce beyond the environment's carrying capacity↔Hunting may also be a solution to the problem caused by hunting.

  预判"制造问题的手段反过来变成解决问题的手段"与 Hunting may also be a solution to the problem caused by hunting. 完全等值——problem 对应 overpopulation, solution 对应 a natural way to reduce, caused by hunting 对应 humans have wiped out predators。

• C)答非所问

  The species of prey animals continue to vary despite humans' hunting. 说"猎物物种持续多样化"，原文未谈物种多样化方向；且即使为真，也回答的是"猎物物种变化"而非"作者觉得讽刺的事"。

• D)偷换概念

  The number of prey animals keeps rising despite environmental change. 把原文的"超过环境承载力 (beyond the environment's carrying capacity)"偷换成"despite environmental change（不顾环境变化）"，并丢弃了"因人类消灭天敌"这层因果。

题干 What does Glenn Kirk think of charging hunters license fees? 索取一个具名人物对一个具体做法的明确观点，原文必有对应表述。

What does Glenn Kirk think of charging hunters license fees? 中 charging hunters license fees 是动名词短语作 of 的宾语，charge sb. sth. 即"向某人收取某费"。基础薄弱考生易把 charging 误读为现在分词"正在收费的"，要看清它是名词性结构。

• A)与原文相反

  It keeps game population under control. 说"让狩猎物种数量受控"，但 Kirk 恰恰指出 license fees 是 manipulate a few game species into overpopulation——是制造过度繁殖，而非控制数量。

• B)无中生有

  It turns hunting into a sport of the rich. 说"把狩猎变成富人的运动"，原文从未提及收费让狩猎变贵或仅富人可及。

• C)✓ 正确
  • resulting in the loss of biological diversity, genetic integrity and ecological balance↔It leads to ecological imbalance.

  预判"执照费导致生态失衡"完整对应 It leads to ecological imbalance.，且把原文三项后果（diversity / integrity / balance）中最具概括性的 ecological balance 留作落点，正是六级正确项的典型做法。

• D)与原文相反

  It helps stop killing for pleasure. 说"有助于停止为娱乐而杀"，与 Kirk 全篇的批评立场矛盾——他在 P2 上半段还指责 hunters kill for pleasure，根本不可能认为执照费能解决这件事。

题干 What is the argument of the Humane Society of the United States against hunting? 直接索取一个组织的反方理据。

What is the argument of the Humane Society of the United States against hunting? 是 What is the N? 的判断句；against hunting 修饰 argument，意为"反对狩猎的论点"。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • the vast majority of hunted species…"…do not require population control."↔Overpopulation is not an issue for most hunted animals.

  预判"大多数被猎物种不需控数"与 Overpopulation is not an issue for most hunted animals. 完全对应：not require control（不需要控）= overpopulation is not an issue（不存在过剩问题）。

• B)无中生有

  Hunting deprives animal populations of their food sources. 说"狩猎剥夺了动物种群的食物来源"，原文 P3 全段未谈"食物来源"问题。

• C)张冠李戴

  Many birds and small animals are being irrationally killed. 这种"残忍/非理性"表述属于 P2 中 Glenn Kirk 的立场（irrationally cruel），而非 P3 中 Humane Society 的论点。

• D)过度推断

  Hunting is universally acknowledged as a savage behavior. 把"反方观点"夸张为"普遍公认"，universally 远超 P3 的具体表述，事实上 P2 已说明只是 some 反对者持此立场。

题干 When is hunting morally justifiable according to Gary E. Varner? 用 when 索取一个明确条件，原文必有 Varner 给出的判定标准。

When is hunting morally justifiable according to Gary E. Varner? 是 when 引导的特殊疑问句，morally justifiable 是"副词+形容词"作表语，意为"在道德上可被辩护的"。结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • designed to secure the aggregate welfare of the target species, the integrity of its ecosystem, or both↔When it benefits animals and their ecosystem.

  预判"为目标物种与生态系统好"与 When it benefits animals and their ecosystem. 一一对应——target species→animals, its ecosystem→their ecosystem, secure welfare/integrity→benefits。

• B)与原文相反

  When it serves both human and animal interests. 把答案纳入"既为人也为动物"，但原文 Varner 明确说仅 only benefit human beings 的 subsistence/sport hunting 是不可辩护的；可辩护的那类不包含"为人类利益"。

• C)与原文相反

  When it is indispensable to humans' subsistence. 直接为 subsistence hunting 辩护，而 Varner 明确把 subsistence hunting 列为"不可辩护"那一类。

• D)以偏概全

  When it stabilizes the population of animal species. 只截取"控数"这一面（接近 P1 论调），而 Varner 的判据更宽——welfare、ecosystem integrity 都算；且"stabilize population"在 P4 并无对应表述。

题干 What concept are green leaders trying to promote? 索取一个具体主张，原文末段必有对应表述。

What concept are green leaders trying to promote? 是 what 作宾语前置的现在进行时疑问句，are trying to promote 表"正在努力推动"。注意 concept 是抽象名词，原文给的将是一个"主张/理念"而非具体行动。

• A)以偏概全

  Effective protection of animal habitats. 只截取末句 habitat destruction 的一个侧面，而 green leaders 推动的核心是"双方合作"——栖息地保护只是合作理由，不是他们倡导的概念。

• B)以偏概全

  Strict control over urban development. 同样只截取 urban sprawl 一个侧面，且 green leaders 并未单独倡导"严控城市发展"，而是把"deplore urban sprawl"作为双方合作的共同立场。

• C)✓ 正确
  • green leaders are increasingly advocating cooperation between hunters and environmental groups↔Coordinated efforts of hunters and environmentalists.

  预判"猎人与环保派联手合作"与 Coordinated efforts of hunters and environmentalists. 一一对应，且选项的抽象度（concept）正好匹配题干 What concept 的提问层级。

• D)无中生有

  A compromise between development and animal protection. 引入"发展 vs 动物保护的妥协"二元对立，原文从未涉及"开发派 vs 保护派的妥协"。