2020年7月·第1套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析

What do we learn about Anna Sanchez?

开场介绍嘉宾的直接陈述。主持人开场介绍嘉宾时直接给出身份 a three-time Olympic champion and author，这是访谈交代人物的固定位置，无需转折提示，听到头衔即定位。

• a three-time Olympic champion↔a great athlete三届奥运冠军=了不起的运动员（具体→概括）

• B)过度推断她确是 author of the new book，又正在节目里侃侃而谈，易让人误推成 She is a famed speaker.；但『写书的人/受访者』不等于『著名演说家』，原文从未称她为 speaker。

  借用原文：author of the new book To the Edge

• C)原词陷阱访谈通篇是 science、scientific knowledge，极易让人听到『科学』就选 She is a famous scientist.；但她是『谈论科学如何帮助运动员』的运动员，不是科学家本人。

  借用原文：what has changed is the scientific knowledge

• D)原词陷阱她反复谈 science and technology，易诱人选 She is a noted inventor.；但谈论科技的人不等于发明科技的人，原文未称她为 inventor。

  借用原文：science and technology have helped push humans to the edge

What is the woman's book mainly about?

被问书名含义时的总括应答。主持人请她解释书名，她答 The book is about how…——The book is about 是直接给主旨的总括句，正是被问者对『书讲什么』的应答落点。

• science and technology have helped push humans to the edge of their physical abilities↔technology has helped athletes to scale new heights推向身体极限=登上新高度（同义改写）

• A)原词陷阱How knowledge of human biochemistry has been evolving. 借原文 human biochemistry 一词设套；biochemistry 只是书里提到的一个知识侧面，绝非全书主旨，以偏概全。

  借用原文：our knowledge today of human biochemistry, nutrition and mechanics

• B)原词陷阱How nutrition helps athletes' performance in competitions. 借原文 nutrition 设套；营养只是书里并列提到的一项，不能代表全书，范围被缩小。

  借用原文：human biochemistry, nutrition and mechanics

• C)偷换概念How scientific training enables athletes to set new records. 杂糅了原文的 scientific 与后文 sports records being broken；但书主旨是『科技把人推向极限』这一宽命题，破纪录只是其表现之一，且原文强调的是 technology 而非 training。

  借用原文：sports records being broken that could only be broken with the aid of technology

What has changed in the past thousands of years?

while 引导的『没变 vs 变了』对比。while our bodies have not changed 与 what has changed is the scientific knowledge 形成正反对比，while 是让步对比信号；题问『变了什么』，落点在对比里『变了』的那一侧。

• what has changed is the scientific knowledge↔Our scientific knowledge.原句明点 scientific knowledge=选项几乎原词

• A)与原文相反原文说 our bodies have not changed，身体属于『没变』的一侧；Our physical structures. 正是身体结构，恰好答反——题问的是『变了』的，它却是『没变』的。

  借用原文：our bodies have not changed in thousands of years

• C)原词陷阱Our biochemical process. 借原文 human biochemistry 设套；biochemistry 只是『知识』所含的内容之一，原文明说变的是 scientific knowledge，不是某个生化过程本身。

  借用原文：our knowledge today of human biochemistry, nutrition and mechanics

• D)原词陷阱Our concept of nutrition. 借原文 nutrition 一词诱选；营养同样只是知识涵盖的内容之一，并非原文点名『变了』的那一项。

  借用原文：human biochemistry, nutrition and mechanics

What is the man's concern about the use of technology in sports competitions?

concern 一词直接标示担忧+由男士问出。男士的问句以 Is there any concern that… 直接打出 concern 信号，且本题问『男士的担忧』，落点正在他这句问话，而非女士的回答。

• technology is giving some athletes an unfair advantage over others↔It may give an unfair advantage to some athletes近原句重述，仅时态/语序微调

• A)未提及It may increase the expenses of sports competitions. 谈比赛开支，全篇没有任何关于花钱/成本的内容，纯属凭空添加。
• B)过度推断女士回答里提到 Skis 这类装备，易诱人推出 It may lead to athletes' over-reliance on equipment.；但原文谈滑雪板是讲技术进步，从未说运动员『过度依赖装备』，是凭装备话题硬推的隐患。

  借用原文：Skis, for example, went from being made of wood to a metal alloy

• D)过度推断It may change the nature of sports competitions. 说法宏大，像是对 unfair advantage 的拔高引申；但男士担忧的是『公平』这一具体点，原文从未说科技会『改变比赛本质』。

What does the woman think is required to be successful in international trade?

needs to be… to succeed 的"必需"句式。答案信号是表"必需"的句式 one needs to be very flexible to succeed in this industry——needs to be… 直接点出成功所必须具备的那一项，正是 Q5"required to be successful"对应的落点。

• one needs to be very flexible↔Flexibility.形容词 flexible 转名词 Flexibility

• A)未提及Experience. 是凭常识"显然要有"的项，但录音从没说成功"需要"经验；她只在讲资历时旁及做了一辈子，并未把经验列为"required to be successful"。
• C)原词陷阱Family background. 听着像录音里 it runs in the family(这行在家里传承)，于是"听到家庭就想选"；但那句只是介绍她的出身经历，回答的是"她怎么入行"，并非"成功所必需"，与 Q5 问的不是一回事。

  借用原文：it runs in the family

• D)原词陷阱Business connections. 对应录音后文 I've made great business contacts over time，但她把人脉说成"做久了的好处"(benefit)，是结果不是"成功的必需条件"；且这话出现在 Q7 附近，搬到 Q5 来答属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：I've made great business contacts over time

What does the woman say is special about her way of doing trade?

even 的强调语气 + "非常高效"评价。答案信号是强调词 I even use the same container 里的 even(甚至)，加上紧跟的 It's a very efficient way 自评"非常高效"——even 把这个做法特意拎出来当作不寻常之处，正是 Q6 的"special"。

• I even use the same container↔Using the same container back and forth."用同一集装箱"概括为"往返复用"

• A)原词陷阱Buying directly from factories. 听着像录音 I source mid-century modern furniture from different factories，于是"听到工厂就想选"；但从工厂进货是常规做法、她也没说这点特别，与 Q6 问的"special"不符。

  借用原文：from different factories in China

• B)未提及Shipping goods in bulk by sea. 是外贸最普通的做法，听着合理，但录音通篇没说"海运"或"大宗"，属凭常识脑补、原文未提。
• C)原词陷阱Having partners in many parts of the world. 借用了录音 I possess a network of clients and partners 的"伙伴"原词，但录音说的合作伙伴只在 in both countries(两国)，选项却扩成 many parts of the world(世界许多地方)，范围被放大且这是 Q7 附近的内容，搬来答 Q6 也不对路。

  借用原文：partners in both countries

What does the woman have in both Italy and China?

I have… and another in… 的两地并列。答案信号是"两地各有一个"的并列句式 I have a warehouse in Genova, Italy and another in Shanghai——a warehouse… and another… 明确说出两国各有一个仓库，正对 Q7 的"in both Italy and China"。

• a warehouse in Genova, Italy and another in Shanghai↔Warehouses.单数 a warehouse + another 合为复数

• B)原词陷阱Factories. 盗用录音 from different factories in China 的高频原词，"听到工厂就想选"；但工厂是她进货的对象、属于别人，并非她在两地都"拥有"的东西，与 Q7 的 have 不符。

  借用原文：from different factories in China

• C)未提及Investors. 全篇没有出现，录音里没有任何关于投资人的内容，纯属未提及。
• D)与原文相反Retailers.(零售商)与录音相反：M 说她 sell both lines of products wholesale(批发销售)、她答 Of course，说明走的是批发渠道，不是零售；且她"拥有"的是仓库，不是零售商。

  借用原文：sell both lines of products wholesale

What does the woman say makes furniture marginally more profitable?

mostly because 的因果信号。答案信号是因果连词 mostly because it enjoys lower customs duties 里的 because——它直接引出"利润略高"的原因，正是 Q8 要的归因落点。

• lower customs duties↔Lower import duties.customs duties = import duties 同义

• A)原词陷阱Trendy style. 听着像录音 affordable, yet stylish wooden furniture 的 stylish，于是"听到时髦就想选"；但那句讲的是家具在意大利"销量增长"(好卖)，不是"利润略高的原因"，把"好卖"当成了"更赚钱"。

  借用原文：affordable, yet stylish wooden furniture

• B)未提及Unique design. 与 A 同属"产品卖点"类，但录音根本没说家具"设计独特"，更没把它当作利润高的原因，属未提及。
• D)偷换概念Lower shipping costs.(更低运费)与 C 极易混，但录音明说原因是 lower customs duties(关税)，从未把利润高归于运费；shipping 一词虽在别处出现，这里却答非所问。

  借用原文：lower customs duties

What does the passage say about humour in the workplace?

开篇点题句 + 后文减压主线。首段把职场比作 a five-day prison from which they are paroled every Friday（把工作日比作要熬到周五才获释的监狱），紧接一句 Humour unlocks the office prison——开篇用"幽默解开办公室监狱"点题；其后各段（P3 谈 outlet for stress、P4 谈 uncork their bottled-up resentments）持续指向缓解压力，主旨主线就是"减压"。

• Humour unlocks the office prison↔reduce their stress比喻还原为字面
• there is often no outlet for stress↔reduce their stress提供出口=减压

• B)未提及It prevents employees from feeling bored. 说幽默防止员工无聊，但全篇只讲减压、释放怨气、提升效率，从未提"无聊（bored）"这回事，是凭空添加的功能。
• C)原词陷阱It strengthens harmony among employees. 借了文中反复出现的 employees 一词制造熟悉感，但录音谈的是减压与效率，没有讲幽默增进员工间"和谐（harmony）"，方向跑偏。

  借用原文：satisfied and productive employees

• D)过度推断It helps employees to view things positively. 看似与"幽默"沾边，但录音从未说幽默让人"积极看待事物（view things positively）"，这是从减压主题再往前推一步的引申，原文没有落脚点。

What does the study by Howard Pollio show?

专名 Pollio + proved 引出结论。录音先报出处 According to Howard Pollio，随后 Pollio conducted a study that proved 用 proved 直接引出研究结论——人名加"证明了"是答案句的明确信号，结论就在这句里。

• humour can help workers excel at routine production tasks↔Humour can help workers excel at routine tasks近乎逐词对应

• A)原词陷阱Weekends are conducive to reducing stress. 里的 weekends 容易让人联想到首段 paroled every Friday 那个比喻，但录音只是用周五打比方，从没说"周末有助于减压"这个论断，更不是 Pollio 研究的结论。

  借用原文：paroled every Friday

• B)未提及Humor is vital to interpersonal relationships. 谈幽默对人际关系重要，听上去合理，但 Pollio 的研究讲的是"工作表现"，全篇也没把幽默与"人际关系（interpersonal relationships）"挂钩，属无中生有。
• C)过度推断All workers experience some emotional stress. 用 All 把范围放到"所有员工"，录音虽多次谈压力，却没说"所有员工都有情绪压力"，更不是 Pollio 研究的结论；绝对词常是陷阱。

  借用原文：there is often no outlet for stress

What can Kodak's employees do in the Humour Room?

条件状语 as long as 是落点。答案句的灵魂在 as long as they put its arms and legs back in place——as long as（只要……）是个条件限定，告诉你"可以拆，但前提是装回去"；听力里这种条件/限定词后面往往就是出题的精确落点，必须听全。

• take the doll apart↔Take the boss doll apart拆开动作对应
• as long as they put its arms and legs back in place↔as long as they reassemble it装回=重新组装

• A)原词陷阱Smash the toys to release their bottled-up resentments. 把 P4 的 toy store 与 P4 的 uncork their bottled-up resentments 两处原词拼在一起，但录音说的是"拆开（take apart）并装回"，绝非"砸碎（smash）"，动作被改狠了。

  借用原文：uncork their bottled-up resentments

• C)原词陷阱Design and install stress-reducing gadgets. 借了原文 stress-reducing gadgets 一词，但录音说这些装置是房间里现成的陈设（the room's many stress-reducing gadgets），员工是去用、不是去"设计安装（design and install）"，把现成品说成员工自造，动作主体与行为都错位。

  借用原文：the room's many stress-reducing gadgets

• D)与原文相反Strike at the boss doll as hard as they like. 围着真实存在的 boss doll，且 as hard as they like（想多狠就多狠）很诱人，但录音明确是 take apart（拆开）且必须 put arms and legs back in place（装回），既不是"使劲打"，更没有"随心所欲、无须复原"——条件被抹掉了。

  借用原文：as long as they put its arms and legs back in place

What does the speaker say has aroused public interest?

题干原词 aroused 对应开篇句。篇章开头第一句 Public interest was aroused by the latest discovery of a changed gene in obese mice. 直接出现题干里的 aroused 与 public interest，开篇点题句就是答案句。

• the latest discovery of a changed gene in obese mice↔The recent finding of a changed gene in obese mice.latest=recent、discovery=finding

• B)过度推断录音只说发现了一个改变的基因，从未称其为 A breakthrough in understanding gene modification.；breakthrough 与 gene modification 都是原文没有的拔高说法，把一次发现夸成理解上的突破，推过了头。
• C)偷换概念A newly discovered way for people to lose weight. 借用了原文 discovery 的味道，却把对象从小鼠的基因偷换成给人减肥的方法；原文 a changed gene in obese mice 讲的是小鼠基因，根本没说找到了减肥办法。

  借用原文：the latest discovery of a changed gene in obese mice

• D)原词陷阱The self-repairing ability of a gene in obese mice. 借了 gene 与 obese mice 这些原词，但原文从未提到基因有自我修复能力，self-repairing 是凭空捏造的内容。

  借用原文：a changed gene in obese mice

What do we learn about the changed gene?

因果 thus 引出后果。句中 and thus can't tell when to stop eating 用 thus 把基因的后果点出来——感知不到饱、判断不了何时停吃，正是题干要的那个作用，因果信号词之后即答案落点。

• can't tell when to stop eating↔It renders mice unable to sense when to stop eating.can't tell=unable to sense

• A)原词陷阱It renders an organism unable to fight diseases. 借了原文出现过的 organism 一词，但原文只说基因影响对饱腹的感知，从未提到它让生物无法抗病，fight diseases 是没说过的内容。

  借用原文：tells the organism how fat or full it is

• B)与原文相反It prevents the mice's fatty tissues from growing. 盗用了原文的 fatty tissue，却把意思反了——原文说的是带该基因者感知不到脂肪是否够 if they have sufficient fatty tissue，并非这个基因会阻止脂肪生长。

  借用原文：if they have sufficient fatty tissue

• C)未提及It helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. 又一次借用 organism，但帮助适应环境的说法原文完全没有，是凭空加上的功能。

  借用原文：tells the organism how fat or full it is

What does University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum say?

人物引述原话。原文 reacted enthusiastically: 之后是 Rothblum 的直接引语，引号内 people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight 即她的观点，被引述人原话就是答案句。

• people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight↔People are born with a tendency to have a certain weight.近乎原句保留

• A)未提及Human beings have more obesity genes than most mice do. 借了原文人与鼠都有相近基因的话题，但 Rothblum 从没比较人和鼠谁的肥胖基因更多，这一数量对比原文没有。

  借用原文：a gene nearly identical to the mouse obesity gene in humans

• B)张冠李戴Half of a person's total weight variation can be controlled. 把第三段行为遗传学家说的 less than half of the total weight variation is programmed in the genes 安到了 Rothblum 头上，既换了说话人，又把不到一半由基因决定篡改成半数可控。

  借用原文：less than half of the total weight variation is programmed in the genes

• D)张冠李戴The function of the obesity genes is yet to be explored. 对应的是原文 The operation of this gene in humans has not yet been demonstrated，那是叙述者的客观补充，并非 Rothblum 的话，被错挂到她名下。

  借用原文：The operation of this gene in humans has not yet been demonstrated

What accounts for Americans' obesity according to a survey by the Center for Disease Control?

underlines the role 点明成因。原文 Such rapid change underlines the role of environmental factors, like the abundance of rich foods 用 underlines the role of 这一归因表达点出主因是环境因素，并举 rich foods 为例，正是题干要的原因。

• the abundance of rich foods↔The abundant provision of rich foods.abundance=abundant provision

• A)偷换概念The worsening of natural environment. 蹭了原文 environmental factors 里的 environmental，却把环境因素偷换成自然环境恶化；原文说的环境因素指的是食物丰富等生活环境，并非自然环境变差。

  借用原文：the role of environmental factors

• C)未提及The accelerated pace of present-day life. 听着合理，但这项调查归因到的是丰富食物，原文从未把肥胖归因于生活节奏加快，pace of life 是没说过的因素。
• D)偷换概念The adverse impact of the food industry. 借食物话题制造与 B 的混淆，但原文归因的是 the abundance of rich foods（丰富食物本身），并没把责任算到食品工业头上，food industry 是替换上去的对象。

  借用原文：the abundance of rich foods

What quality do men value most concerning friendship, according to a questionnaire response?

in favor of + 最高占比 77%。信号有两层：一是 in favor of similarity in interests 这个"转而偏爱"的措辞，直接点出男性的首选；二是紧跟的最高数字 selected by 77% of men，77% 是男性各项里占比最高的，数字最高即"最看重"，双重信号锁定 similarity in interests。

• in favor of similarity in interests, selected by 77% of men↔Similarity in interests.原词直接对应 + 最高占比佐证

• B)原词陷阱Mental stimulation. 在录音里确实念到，但 Mental stimulation, ranked third in popularity by men 说它在男性中只排第三，是男女唯一重合项，并非"最看重"，听到这个原词就选正中陷阱。

  借用原文：Mental stimulation, ranked third in popularity by men as well as women

• C)张冠李戴Openness. 录音里念到，但 only 28% named openness as an important quality 说男性里只有 28% 看重它，属于女性首选的情感类品质，安到"男性最看重"头上是张冠李戴。

  借用原文：Among men, only 28% named openness as an important quality

• D)张冠李戴Compassion. 对应录音里的 caring，caring was picked by just 23% 说男性里仅 23% 选它，占比最低，远非男性首选，同样是女性向品质被错配给男性。

  借用原文：caring was picked by just 23%

What do women refer to when speaking of close friendships?

refer to 与题干对应词 + while 对比。答案句出现题干同款动词 when women speak of close friendships they are referring to emotional factors，refer to 直接呼应题干 refer to；而 while 之后讲的是男性，构成男女对比，提醒只取 while 前面属于女性的那半句。

• they are referring to emotional factors↔Emotional factors.原句结论词直接等于选项

• A)张冠李戴The willingness to offer timely help. 改写自录音里男性看重的 responsiveness in a crisis—"someone I can call on for help."，那是男性的特征，安给女性属张冠李戴；女性谈友谊指的是情感因素而非"危机援手"。

  借用原文：they placed such strong emphasis on responsiveness in a crisis—"someone I can call on for help."

• B)张冠李戴The joy found in each other's company. 几乎照搬录音 while 之后讲男性的 men emphasize the pleasure they find in a friend's company，joy=pleasure、company 原词都在，但这是男性的特征，回答"女性所指"是张冠李戴。

  借用原文：men emphasize the pleasure they find in a friend's company

• C)未提及Personal bonds. 听起来像和"情感"沾边，但录音讲女性时用的是 emotional factors，并未出现 personal bonds 这一表述，属未提及的近义诱饵。

What may threaten a friendship for both men and women?

hazards 主题句 + applies to both。信号一是 As for the hazards of friendship 点出本段讲"友谊隐患"正对题干 threaten；信号二是紧接的 This applies to both men and women，applies to both 与题干 both 严丝合缝，直接圈定 competition 和 betrayal 是双方共有的威胁。

• feelings of betrayal↔Feelings of betrayal.原句词与选项完全一致且落在 both 范围内

• A)未提及Failure to keep a promise. 听上去合理，但录音讲隐患时只点了 competition、betrayal、lack of frankness、fear of appearing unmanly，从未提"违背承诺"，属未提及。
• B)原词陷阱Lack of frankness. 录音确实念到，但 men are plagued in almost equal amounts by two additional issues: lack of frankness 说这是"额外"困扰男性的问题，并非男女双方共有，与题干 both 不符，是原词陷阱。

  借用原文：men are plagued in almost equal amounts by two additional issues: lack of frankness and a fear of appearing unmanly

• D)未提及Loss of contact. 是最符合常识的"友谊杀手"，但录音整段讲隐患从未提及"失联"，正是预读时警惕的那个常识诱饵。

Where can many of the best dinosaur specimens be found in North America?

题干关键词best specimens原样出现。答案句开头 Many of the best specimens may be seen today 与题干 best specimens 几乎逐字对应，听到这串和题干同款的词，就知道讲者正在回答"在哪能看到"，紧跟其后的地点就是答案。

• at museums of natural history in the larger cities of the United States and Canada↔At museums of natural history in large cities原文短语略作精简，意思不变

• A)原词陷阱Along the low-lying Colorado River. 里的 river 是讲者后文谈骨头来历时才提到的（floated down an eastward flowing river），与"哪里能看到标本"无关，是把别处的词搬来骗"听到 river 就选"。

  借用原文：floated down an eastward flowing river

• B)原词陷阱At the Dinosaur National Monument. 在原文 at what is now the Dinosaur National Monument 处出现，但那是骨头被"发现"（discovered）的地方，本题问"最好的标本能在哪看到"，答非所问。

  借用原文：discovered in Utah and Colorado at what is now the Dinosaur National Monument

• C)偷换概念原文只说大城市分布在 the United States and Canada 两国，并未说"美加边境"，Along the border of the U.S. and Canada. 凭 United States and Canada 这串原词杜撰出 border，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：the larger cities of the United States and Canada

What occurs to many people when they see the massive bones in the pit wall?

Many people get the idea直接对应题干人群。答案句以 Many people get the idea 开头，与题干 many people 完全对上，这是"群体想法"的标志句；它说出的内容（灾难杀死整群恐龙）就是"人们会想到什么"的答案。

• some disaster such as a volcanic explosion or a sudden flood↔Some natural disaster火山/洪水概括为natural disaster
• killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in this area↔killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in the area几乎逐字一致

• A)原词陷阱Volcanic explosions could bring whole animal species to extinction. 借了原文真念过的 volcanic explosion，但原文说的是"杀死本地一整群恐龙"，A 却升级成"使整个物种灭绝"（whole animal species to extinction），范围被夸大，原文从未这么说。

  借用原文：a volcanic explosion or a sudden flood killed a whole herd of dinosaurs

• C)答非所问The pit should be carefully preserved for the study of dinosaurs. 讲"该被妥善保护以供研究"，原文虽提到 the largest and best preserved deposit，但那是描述坑保存状况好，并非说"人们看到骨头会想到要保护"，答非所问。

  借用原文：the largest and best preserved deposit of dinosaurs known today

• D)过度推断The whole region must have been struck by a devastating flood. 取了原文里作为举例之一的 flood，却用 must have（必然）和 whole region（整个地区）把语气和范围都拔高，原文只说洪水是人们设想的灾难"之一"，没说"全区必遭毁灭性洪水"。

  借用原文：a volcanic explosion or a sudden flood killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in this area

What does the speaker suggest about the large number of dinosaur bones found in the pit?

not a place where they died是讲者下结论的转折。not a place where they died 用否定一句撇清"原地死亡"，紧接的 floated down an eastward flowing river 才是讲者给出的真正成因。否定+给出新说法，是讲者亮出结论的强信号。

• Most of the remains probably floated down an eastward flowing river↔They floated down an eastward flowing river.去掉probably后几乎逐字一致

• B)原词陷阱They lay buried deep in the sand for millions of years. 蹭了原文 half buried in the sand 的 buried/sand，但原文说的是尸体漂下后"半埋在沙里直到腐烂"，并非"深埋沙中数百万年"；deep 和 for millions of years 都是原文没有的。

  借用原文：they lie, half buried in the sand, until they decay

• C)与原文相反They were skeletons of dinosaurs inhabiting the locality. 说骨头是"当地栖居的恐龙"即原地死亡，但讲者明确说 not a place where they died、是漂来的"墓地"，C 取的恰是被否定的那一边，与原文相反。

  借用原文：The pit area is a large dinosaur graveyard, not a place where they died.

• D)原词陷阱They were remains of dinosaurs killed in a volcanic explosion. 把第 2 段大众想法里的 a volcanic explosion 搬来，但讲者全篇就是在反驳"一场灾难一次性害死"，火山致死正属被否定的旧说，D 既盗原词又站错边。

  借用原文：some disaster such as a volcanic explosion or a sudden flood killed a whole herd of dinosaurs

What have young Americans been accused of?

指责类信号词 accused of 直接领出答案。录音里 have been accused of not caring for their parents 直接用了与题干同源的 accused of，后面紧跟的 not caring for their parents 就是指控内容，这种'指责词 + 后接内容'的结构是答案句的明确信号。

• not caring for their parents the way they would have in the old country↔Failing to care for parents in the traditional waynot caring=Failing to care；老家方式=传统方式

• B)原词陷阱录音确实反复讲 an American ideal of independence and autonomy，B 借这个原词诱选；但'过度看重独立'录音是用来说老人受其影响（and this is true 之后转向讲老人），并非年轻人'被指责'的那件事，属答非所问。

  借用原文：an American ideal of independence and autonomy

• A)未提及Indulging in seeking leisure and material comfort.（沉溺于追求休闲与物质享受）录音通篇未提及年轻人贪图享乐，纯属无中生有。
• D)张冠李戴录音里 on the verge of starvation 确实出现过 starvation，D 借它诱选；但原文是说'老人自己（we）独居、濒于挨饿'，并非'年轻人害父母挨饿'，张冠李戴且把主体说反了。

  借用原文：on the verge of starvation

What does the speaker say about old people in the United States?

转折 But + 结尾 but we are independent 双重强调落点。答案句以 But it is also true 转折领出，把话题从年轻人转到老人；句末又用 but we are independent 再次转折强调'独立'，转折后的内容才是说话人真正想说的老人特征，是答案信号。

• we are independent↔a sense of independence and autonomy形容词 independent 名词化为 independence
• influenced by an American ideal of independence and autonomy↔have a sense of independence and autonomy受独立理想影响=拥有独立自主感

• A)与原文相反录音 we live alone, perhaps on the verge of starvation 让人觉得老人'独自生活很困难'，A 借此诱选；但说话人这句的落点是 but we are independent——强调的是'独立'而非'生活困难'，A 取了转折前的表象、漏了转折后的真意。

  借用原文：we live alone, perhaps on the verge of starvation

• B)原词陷阱全文确有 family care 相关话题（如年轻人不照顾父母），B 借话题词诱选；但题干问的是'说话人关于老人说了什么'，本段答案句强调的是老人'独立'，并未说老人'没希望得到家庭照顾'，属答非所问。

  借用原文：old people have been influenced by an American ideal

• C)未提及They have fond memories of their good old days.（怀念过去的好时光）录音从未提及老人怀旧，属无中生有。

What is astonishing to the young mothers interviewed by the speaker?

惊讶标志词 astonished 直接领出答案。录音 They are astonished to hear that 用了与题干同源的 astonished，后面 that 从句的内容就是令她们吃惊的事，这种'惊讶词 + that 从句'是答案句最明确的信号。

• families have been three- or four-generation families, living under the same roof↔There have been extended families三四代同堂=extended families（大家庭）
• in most of the world throughout most of its history↔in most parts of the world世界大多数地区，措辞近乎同义

• A)与原文相反录音强调历史上多为大家庭，A 却说 preferred small-sized families（偏好小家庭）；说话人另有 over-emphasized the small family unit 提到 small family，A 借此原词诱选，但把'令人吃惊的事'说反了——惊讶点恰恰是'过去是大家庭'。

  借用原文：over-emphasized the small family unit

• C)原词陷阱全文确有祖辈与孙辈话题（如 cut off the children from their grandparents），C 借 grandchildren 诱选；但'许多老人不愿照顾孙辈'录音从未提及，且与令人吃惊的'大家庭'事实无关，属答非所问加无中生有。

  借用原文：cut off the children from their grandparents

• D)答非所问录音确有年轻人独立、与父母关系的内容，D 借 young Americans、live together 诱选；但题干问'令年轻母亲吃惊的事'，答案句讲的是'历史上多为大家庭'，并非'年轻美国人拒绝与父母同住'，属答非所问。

  借用原文：Young people in this country have been accused

What does the speaker say older people try their best to do?

竭力类信号 devote all their energies to 直接领出答案。录音 devote all their energies to "not being a burden" 用 devote all their energies to（倾尽全力于）这一'竭力'信号，与题干 try their best 同义，其后引号内的 not being a burden 即老人尽力去做的事，是答案落点。

• devote all their energies to "not being a burden"↔Avoid being a burden to their children竭力做到'不成为负担'=尽力避免成为负担
• the only thing they can do for their children↔to their children对子女而言，对象一致

• A)原词陷阱录音 stay out of their way 说的是父母'别挡子女的路'，A 的 Leave their younger generations alone.（别打扰晚辈）借此诱选；但题干问的是老人'尽力去做'的那件被概括的事，答案句明确落在'不成为负担'，A 只是过程中的某句铺垫，非最终落点。

  借用原文：stay out of their way

• C)偷换概念录音 look cheerful when they come to visit 说老人努力'显得开心'，C 借 cheerful/joyful 的近似诱选；但 C 说成 Stay healthy by engaging in joyful activities.（靠快乐活动保持健康），把'显得开心'偷换成'保持健康'，录音并未讲养生，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：look cheerful when they come to visit

• D)张冠李戴录音 perspective 确实出现，D 借它诱选；但原文说的是年轻人被剥夺了 perspective（视角），并非'老人努力从子女视角看问题'，主体与含义都对不上，属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：Young people are being deprived of the thing they need most—perspective