2020年7月·第1套 英语六级长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 · 36–45 题答案与解析
本页是 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的真题与解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面:Directions 与 13 段共 1202 词的字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译),之后 10 句陈述(36–45,定位锚点强 8 句、弱 2 句,答案共命中 10 个段落)逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析(陈述句中译 / 信息所在段落 / 锚点强弱 / 定位句中英对照 / 陈述句与原文的同义改写 / 易混相邻段辨析),另附逐段主旨图。
信息匹配题和解析 · 36–45 题
本页 36–45 题的段落匹配答案与逐句解析由懒笔记基于2020年7月·第1套 英语六级长篇阅读(信息匹配)原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面:先是 Directions 与 13 段字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译);之后 10 句陈述逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析——陈述句中译、信息所在段落、锚点强弱、定位句中英对照、陈述句与原文的同义改写对照与易混相邻段辨析。
直到几十年前,学者们还认为,幼儿几乎不知道,甚至完全不知道他人在想什么。瑞士心理学家让·皮亚杰被誉为儿童思维科学研究的奠基人,他坚信学龄前儿童无法思考他人头脑中发生的事情。他在20世纪中叶对儿童进行的访谈和实验表明,儿童被困在自己的主观视角中,无法想象他人会想什么、感受什么或相信什么。
此后,关于幼儿思维的大量研究深受皮亚杰思想的影响。学者们试图完善他的理论,并通过实证研究证实他的观点。但人们越来越清楚地看到,皮亚杰似乎严重低估了那些尚不能用语言表达自己的幼儿的智力。研究人员开始设计越来越巧妙的方法,以弄清婴儿的头脑中究竟发生着什么,而由此形成的关于他们能力的认识也呈现出细微的差异。因此,儿童具有自我中心的本性和智力弱点这一旧观点逐渐失宠,取而代之的是一种更为宽厚的看法:即使是“最年幼的幼儿”,也正在萌生的不仅是对物理世界的感知,还有对他人心智的认识。
从历史上看,儿童的心智能力并没有得到多少尊重。皮亚杰不仅认为儿童是“自我中心的”,即无法区分自己的观点和他人的观点;他还坚信,儿童的思维具有系统性的错误和混乱等特征。与他人一起玩耍时,他们之所以不合作,是因为没有意识到存在不同的角色和视角。他确信,儿童实际上无法“协调行动”:他们不是进行合作并真正一起玩耍,而是彼此并排玩耍,很少顾及他人。与他人交谈时,据说幼儿也无法考虑听者的观点,只会“自言自语,不听别人说话”。
皮亚杰及其追随者认为,儿童在智力发展过程中会经历类似黑暗时代的阶段,直到达到入学年龄,才在理性和合理性的作用下缓慢而逐渐地获得启蒙。伴随这种启蒙而来的,是对他人日益增长的理解,包括对他人的态度以及他们看待世界的观点的理解。
如今,关于儿童心智发展的图景大不相同。心理学家不断揭示幼儿对世界的认识之深,其中也包括他们对他人心智的理解。近期研究表明,即使是婴儿也能感知他人的视角和信念。
修正皮亚杰部分结论的动机之一,源于20世纪下半叶人们关于人类知识起源的观念转变。认为人类对世界的基本理解完全能够从经验中建立起来的看法越来越不受欢迎。这在一定程度上是由理论家诺姆·乔姆斯基推动的,他认为,像语法规则这样复杂的东西不可能仅通过接触语言而习得,而是由先天的“语言官能”提供的。其他人纷纷仿效,进一步界定了一些所谓的“核心领域”,认为其中的知识无法从经验中逐步拼凑出来,而必须在人出生时就已经具备。其中一个领域就是我们对他人心智的认识。甚至有人认为,对他人心智的基本认识不仅存在于人类婴儿身上,而且其进化历史十分悠久,因此我们的近亲——现存的类人猿——也拥有这种认识。
为了证明婴儿在这一领域所知的比人们承认的更多,研究人员需要想出创新的方法来展示这一点。我们如今之所以认识到儿童具有更多的智力能力,很大一部分原因在于研究工具的发展,这些工具比皮亚杰当时所能使用的工具敏感得多。
新方法不再让婴儿参与对话,也不要求他们完成复杂的动作任务,而是利用婴儿自然行为 repertory 中牢固存在的行为:注视、聆听、吮吸、做面部表情、使用手势以及进行简单的手部动作。关注这些“微小行为”的理念在于,它们让儿童有机会以含蓄而自发的方式展示自己的知识,而不必回答问题或听从指令。例如,儿童可能会对一件出乎意料的事件注视更久,也可能会做出面部表情,表明他们对他人怀有同情性的关切。当研究人员测量这些要求较低且往往是不由自主的行为时,他们就能在远比皮亚杰及其追随者所采用的高负荷方法更早的年龄,发现儿童对他人心理状态的敏感性。
20世纪80年代,这类隐性测量在发展心理学中已成为惯用方法。但过了更长一段时间,这些工具才被用于测量儿童对他人心智生活的理解。
在一组实验中,我和南加利福尼亚大学的同事发现,有证据表明,婴儿甚至能够预料,当他人的期待落空时,他们会有怎样的感受。我们在两岁儿童面前表演了几场木偶戏。在这些木偶戏中,主人公(Cookie Monster)把自己珍爱的物品(饼干)留在舞台上,后来回来取走它们。主人公不知道的是,一个对立角色曾出现并动过他的物品。孩子们目睹了这些行为,并专注地观察主人公回来时的情景。我们记录了孩子们的面部表情和身体反应。主人公回来时,孩子们会咬嘴唇、皱鼻子或在椅子上扭动身体,仿佛预料到他即将经历困惑和失望。重要的是,当主人公亲眼看到了这些事情、因而知道会发生什么时,孩子们没有表现出这样的反应,而是保持平静。我们的研究表明,到了两岁这一幼年阶段,孩子们不仅能追踪他人的信念或期待,甚至还能预见他人在发现现实情况时会有怎样的感受。
诸如此类的研究表明,幼儿甚至婴儿的头脑中所发生的事情,远比人们此前认为的要多。通过皮亚杰及其后继者所使用的显性测量方法,我们无法接触到儿童理解中的这些更深层次。新的研究工具证明,儿童知道的比他们能够说出的更多:当我们刨开表面时,会发现一种正在形成的对关系和视角的理解,而这或许是皮亚杰从未想象过的。
尽管在研究幼儿思维方面取得了这些显著进展,但如果因为新测试占据主导地位,就将皮亚杰和其他人在此之前所汇集的审慎而系统的分析弃之不顾,那将是一个严重的错误,因为原有方法揭示了儿童思维方式中的一些关键事实,而新方法无法发现这些事实。
对于我们究竟能够从一次注视、一个面部表情或一个手势中推断出多少信息,当今科学界尚未达成共识。这些行为显然表明,儿童对他人头脑中发生的事情感到好奇,也很可能表明他们已经形成了一套早期直觉,并愿意进一步了解。他们为儿童对他人心智形成更丰富、更明确的理解铺平了道路。但无论如何,这些行为都不能取代儿童逐渐增长的能力,即用语言表达并完善自己对于人们如何行动以及为什么这样行动的理解。
陈述句与逐句解析
Piaget 认为小孩子在玩耍时无法与他人合作。
皮亚杰+玩耍合作
He was convinced that children literally cannot "get their act together": instead of playing cooperatively and truly together, they play side by side, with little regard for others.
他坚信孩子们简直没法'步调一致':他们不是合作地、真正一起玩,而是各玩各的,几乎不顾及别人。
- Piaget believedHe was convinced that
信念动词同义替换
- small childrenchildren
上下位指代等值
- could not collaborate with others while playinginstead of playing cooperatively and truly together, they play side by side, with little regard for others
否定合作正反话切换
- A
A 段虽然出现 Jean Piaget 这个共享锚点,但它讲的是孩子 incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe 这种主观视角问题,没有提到玩耍时合不合作。
they were trapped in their subjective viewpoints, incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe
- D
D 段也属于皮亚杰一派的论述,但内容集中在 a dark age of intellectual development 这一发展阶段比喻,没有触及玩耍合作。
children go through something like a dark age of intellectual development before slowly and gradually becoming enlightened by reason and rationality as they reach school age
作者和他的同事们的研究表明两岁儿童可能能够预测他人的感受。
作者与同事的研究两岁孩子
Our study reveals that by the tender age of two, kids not only track what others believe or expect; they can even foresee how others will feel when they discover reality.
我们的研究表明,两岁这个稚嫩年龄的孩子不仅能追踪他人相信或期待什么,甚至能预见到他人发现现实时会有怎样的感受。
- The author and his colleagues' studyIn a set of experiments, my colleagues at the University of Southern California and I found evidence
署名信息原样对应
- two-year-oldstwo-year-old children
年龄锚点原样复现
- may be able to predict other people's feelingsthey can even foresee how others will feel when they discover reality
predict与foresee同义
- E
E 段提到 Recent studies 与 even infants are sensitive to others' perspectives and beliefs,话题与本题相邻,但既没有第一人称、也没说预测他人感受,被排掉。
Recent studies suggest that even infants are sensitive to others' perspectives and beliefs
在上世纪后半叶,越来越少的人相信我们对世界的理解完全基于经验。
上世纪下半叶反纯经验论
It became increasingly unpopular to assume that a basic understanding of the world can be built entirely from experience.
认为对世界的基本理解可以完全建立在经验之上的这一假设,变得越来越不被接受。
- In the latter half of the last centuryin the second half of the 20th century
时间状语同义改写
- fewer and fewer people believedIt became increasingly unpopular to assume
比较级与unpopular同义
- the basis for our understanding of the world is wholly empiricala basic understanding of the world can be built entirely from experience
empirical与from experience等值
Jean Piaget 在上世纪进行的研究表明婴儿对他人的想法不敏感。
皮亚杰研究表明婴儿不敏感
The interviews and experiments he conducted with kids in the middle of the 20th century suggested that they were trapped in their subjective viewpoints, incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe.
他在 20 世纪中叶对孩子做的访谈和实验表明,孩子们被困在自己的主观视角里,无法想象他人在想什么、感受什么、相信什么。
- Research conducted by Jean Piaget in the last centuryThe interviews and experiments he conducted with kids in the middle of the 20th century
上位词Research涵盖访谈实验
- babies were insensitive to others' thinkingthey were trapped in their subjective viewpoints, incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe
形容词凝练与动词短语展开同义
- C
C 段虽然反复出现 Piaget 与孩子无法考虑他人视角的话题,但用的是 Piaget not only believed that children were "egocentric",讲的是他的信念与论断,而不是陈述句所要求的'他自己做的研究表明'这一信息来源。
Piaget not only believed that children were "egocentric" in the sense that they were unable to differentiate between their own viewpoint and that of others
- D
D 段虽含 Piaget and his followers maintained,但讲的是儿童会经历智力黑暗期再被理性启蒙,没有提到'他做的研究表明婴儿对他人想法不敏感'。
Piaget and his followers maintained that children go through something like a dark age of intellectual development
我们对婴儿智力能力认识的提高归功于更好的研究工具。
智力理解归功于更好工具
A big part of why we now recognize so much more of kids' intellectual capacities is the development of much more sensitive research tools than Piaget had at his disposal.
我们今天之所以能识别儿童远比过去多得多的智力,很大程度上是因为研究工具比皮亚杰当年所能用到的更敏感得多。
- Our improved understanding of babies' intellectual powerwe now recognize so much more of kids' intellectual capacities
理解提升的同义改写
- attributable to better research toolsthe development of much more sensitive research tools than Piaget had at his disposal
better与more sensitive同义
- H
H 段虽然也属于'新方法'话题,但写的是具体操作 looking, listening, sucking, making facial expressions, gestures and simple manual actions,没有明确把'对婴儿智力的更好理解'归因到'更好的工具'这一宏观因果关系。
the newer methods capitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants' natural behavior repertoire: looking, listening, sucking, making facial expressions, gestures and simple manual actions
最近的研究发现,即使是很小的婴儿也对他人的观点很敏感。
近期研究小婴儿对他人视角敏感
Recent studies suggest that even infants are sensitive to others' perspectives and beliefs.
近期研究表明,连婴儿也对他人的视角和信念敏感。
- recent researchRecent studies
research与studies同义
- even small babieseven infants
small babies与infants同义
- are sensitive to other people's points of vieware sensitive to others' perspectives and beliefs
points of view与perspectives同义
- J
J 段讲的是 two-year-old children 在木偶实验里的具体表现,没有提出'连 infants 也敏感'这种宽泛断言;且没有 Recent studies 这一总括表达。
Children bit their lips, wrinkled their nose or wiggled(扭动) in their chair when the protagonist came back
- B
B 段讲的是 a more generous position that sees a budding sense not only of the physical world but also of other minds 这种宏观观点取代,没有以 Recent studies 来报告婴儿对他人视角的敏感这一具体发现。
a more generous position that sees a budding sense not only of the physical world but also of other minds, even in the "youngest young."
科学家们仍在争论可以从儿童的某些身体表现中得出什么推论。
科学家仍在争论身体表情推断
There's no consensus in today's science community about how much we can infer from a look, a facial expression or a hand gesture.
对于从一个眼神、一个面部表情或一个手势中可以推断出多少东西,当今科学界尚无共识。
- Scientists are still debatingThere's no consensus in today's science community
争论与无共识同义
- what inference can be drawn from certain physical expressions of a childhow much we can infer from a look, a facial expression or a hand gesture
physical expressions概括看表情手势
较新的研究方法关注婴儿的简单行为,而不是要求他们回答问题。
新方法关注简单行为不答问题
Instead of engaging babies in dialog or having them execute complex motor tasks, the newer methods capitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants' natural behavior repertoire: looking, listening, sucking, making facial expressions, gestures and simple manual actions.
新方法不是让婴儿参与对话或执行复杂的运动任务,而是利用婴儿天然行为库中固有的那些行为:看、听、吸吮、做面部表情、手势和简单的手部动作。
- The newer research methodsthe newer methods
新方法名同义复现
- focus on infants' simple behaviorscapitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants' natural behavior repertoire
focus on与capitalize on同义
- instead of requiring them to answer questionswithout having to respond to questions or instructions
排斥答问要求的同义改写
- G
G 段说研究者必须 come up with innovative ways of showing it,强调需要新工具,但没有具体讲'新方法用什么简单行为代替答问题'这一操作层信息。
researchers needed to come up with innovative ways of showing it
随着心理学的进步,关于儿童以自我为中心的天性和有限思维能力的传统观点影响力越来越小。
自我中心旧观点影响力下降
Consequently, the old view of children's egocentric(自我中心的) nature and intellectual weaknesses has increasingly fallen out of favor and become replaced by a more generous position that sees a budding sense not only of the physical world but also of other minds, even in the "youngest young."
结果,那种认为儿童本性自我中心、智力薄弱的旧观点越来越失宠,被一种更宽厚的立场所取代:这种立场认为,即使在'最小的小娃'身上,也已经萌发了对物质世界、乃至他人心智的感知。
- the traditional view of children's self-centered nature and limited thinking abilitiesthe old view of children's egocentric(自我中心的) nature and intellectual weaknesses
传统观点与旧观点同义
- has become less and less influentialhas increasingly fallen out of favor
影响力下降与失宠同义
- With the progress in psychologyResearchers began to devise ever more ingenious ways of figuring out what goes on in the minds of babies, and the resulting picture of their abilities shows subtle variations
心理学进步的同义改写
- E
E 段也属心理学进步话题,但讲的是 Recent studies suggest that even infants are sensitive to others' perspectives and beliefs 这种新发现,没有直接说'自我中心旧观点越来越没影响力'。
Psychologists continually reveal new insights into the depth of young children's knowledge of the world
尽管已经取得了显著进展,但否定 Piaget 对儿童认知能力研究的根本贡献是错误的。
不应否定皮亚杰的根本贡献
Despite these obvious advances in the study of young children's thinking, it would be a grave mistake to dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget and others before the new tests dominated the scene because the original methods revealed essential facts about how children think that the new methods cannot uncover.
尽管在儿童思维研究上已有这些显著进展,但若就此否定皮亚杰等人在新方法主导之前所做的细致而系统的分析,那将是严重的错误,因为那些原始方法揭示了新方法所无法揭示的关于儿童思维的本质事实。
- Even though marked advances have been madeDespite these obvious advances in the study of young children's thinking
Even though与Despite同义让步
- it is wrong to dismiss Piaget's fundamental contributions to the study of kids' cognitive abilitiesit would be a grave mistake to dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget and others before the new tests dominated the scene
wrong与grave mistake同义
- K
K 段写的是 we find an emerging understanding of relations and perspectives that Piaget probably did not dream of,态度方向偏向'新方法挖到了皮亚杰没料到的东西',而非'不应否定皮亚杰'。
when we scratch beneath the surface, we find an emerging understanding of relations and perspectives that Piaget probably did not dream of
13 个段落各讲了什么
逐段一句主旨 + 该段最具区分度的「信息指纹」,是逐句回扫定位的工作台。
- A
回顾几十年前的主流看法:以皮亚杰为代表的学者认为学前儿童困在自己的主观视角里,无法想象他人在想什么、感受什么、相信什么。
信息指纹 皮亚杰20世纪中叶的访谈实验
- B
后续研究本来沿皮亚杰路线走,但发现他严重低估了婴幼儿的智力,旧的自我中心观逐渐失宠,被一种更宽厚的观点取代。
信息指纹 自我中心旧观点逐渐失宠
- C
皮亚杰认为儿童思维有系统性错误,玩耍时不会合作、只是各玩各的,说话时也不考虑听者。
信息指纹 玩耍不合作只是各玩各的
- D
皮亚杰一派认为儿童要经历一段智力上的黑暗期,到学龄期才被理性慢慢启蒙。
信息指纹 智力黑暗期慢慢被理性启蒙
- E
今天呈现的是完全不同的图景:心理学家不断揭示幼儿乃至婴儿对他人视角与信念的敏感。
信息指纹 婴儿也能察觉他人视角信念
- F
修正皮亚杰的动机之一来自 20 世纪下半叶的意识形态转向——越来越不愿意相信对世界的理解可以完全由经验建成;乔姆斯基的天赋语法说是导火索。
信息指纹 20世纪下半叶反纯经验论转向
- G
要证明婴儿懂得更多,研究者必须发明新的研究工具;如今能识别这些智力的关键正是工具更敏感了。
信息指纹 更敏感的研究工具
- H
新方法利用婴儿自然行为库里的小动作(看、听、吸吮、表情、手势),让孩子隐性自发地展示知识,而不需回答问题。
信息指纹 新方法用看听吸吮等小行为
- I
上世纪 80 年代这些隐式测量法成为发展心理学常规,但用到儿童对他人心理的理解上又过了一阵子。
信息指纹 1980年代隐式测量法成为常规
- J
作者与南加大同事的木偶实验:两岁孩子能预判主人公回来时会有的困惑与失望,说明他们能预见他人感受。
信息指纹 作者与同事的木偶实验
- K
这类研究揭示婴幼儿心里所发生的远多于过去所信;新工具能挖到皮亚杰显式方法挖不到的更深层理解。
信息指纹 新工具挖到更深一层理解
- L
尽管新进展明显,但完全否定皮亚杰等人当年的系统分析将是严重错误——旧方法揭示了新方法挖不到的本质事实。
信息指纹 不应否定皮亚杰原始贡献
- M
学界对从一个眼神/表情/手势能推断多少尚无共识;这些小动作显示孩子对他人心思的好奇,但不能取代孩子日后能清晰表达和细化理解的能力。
信息指纹 学界对小动作推断尚无共识
33 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- Until a few decades ago, scholars believed that young children know very little, if anything, about what others are thinking.
本句结构在四六级和考研真题中极为典型:主句加多层宾语从句嵌套是高频句式,时间状语前置、插入语、what 引导的名词性从句都是常考点。掌握本句的分析方法可以直接迁移到大量类似真题句中。
- Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, who is credited with founding the scientific study of children's thinking, was convinced that preschool children cannot consider what goes on in the minds of others.
覆盖主语、谓语、表语、定语、状语、宾语等多种成分,且包含插入性定语从句、嵌套宾语从句、情态动词结构等易错点;特别适合训练在复杂句中识别主谓、区分从句层级、判断引导词在从句内的成分等技能
- The interviews and experiments he conducted with kids in the middle of the 20th century suggested that they were trapped in their subjective viewpoints, incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe.
本句成分丰富,涵盖了主语(含定语从句修饰)、谓语、宾语(宾语从句)、状语(时间、地点)、后置定语等多种成分。宾语从句内部又包含主系表结构、非谓语作定语、嵌套宾语从句等,适合练习复杂句的成分划分。尤其是定语从句省略关系代词、后置形容词短语作定语等,都是常见易错点,训练价值高。
- But it became increasingly clear that Piaget seemed to have gravely underestimated the intellectual powers of very young kids before they can make themselves understood by speech.
覆盖成分丰富:形式主语、主语从句、宾语、宾补、状语从句、定语、方式状语等多种成分集中出现;包含典型易错点如形式主语与真实主语的区分、使役动词 make 的宾补结构、不定式完成体的识别,适合作为综合性成分划分练习
- Researchers began to devise ever more ingenious ways of figuring out what goes on in the minds of babies, and the resulting picture of their abilities shows subtle variations.
并列主句 + 嵌套宾语从句的结构在四六级和考研真题中非常常见。第一个主句中 "begin to do" + 复杂宾语、第二个主句的简单主谓宾,都是典型的学术写作句式。宾语从句由疑问词 "what" 引导且 "what" 在从句中充当主语,也是高频考点。该句结构具有较强的代表性和可迁移性。
- Consequently, the old view of children's egocentric(自我中心的) nature and intellectual weaknesses has increasingly fallen out of favor and become replaced by a more generous position that sees a budding sense not only of the physical world but also of other minds, even in the "youngest young."
本句结构高度典型:主句包含并列谓语和被动语态,定语从句修饰名词并在从句中关系代词作主语,句首连接副词承上启下,not only...but also 并列修饰。这些都是四六级和考研阅读中反复出现的句式特征,尤其是学术观点陈述类句子的标准框架。掌握这个句子的分析方法可以直接迁移到大量同类长难句,典型性极高。
- Piaget not only believed that children were "egocentric" in the sense that they were unable to differentiate between their own viewpoint and that of others; he was also convinced that their thinking was characterized by systematic errors and confusions.
全句涵盖主谓宾、主系表、宾语从句、同位语从句、状语等多种成分;同位语从句 "in the sense that" 的用法是易错点;被动语态的成分划分、介词短语作状语的识别都是典型训练点,成分丰富且有代表性
- Piaget and his followers maintained that children go through something like a dark age of intellectual development before slowly and gradually becoming enlightened by reason and rationality as they reach school age.
"主句 + that 宾语从句 + before 时间状语从句" 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。宾语从句表达观点、时间状语从句描述过程先后关系,这种结构在学术论述和说明文中极为常见。掌握本句的拆解方法可以直接迁移到大量类似长难句的理解中。
- Alongside this enlightenment develops an ever growing understanding of other persons, including their attitudes and views of the world.
本句是训练成分划分的优质材料:完全倒装提供了识别倒装句中主谓关系的练习机会;超长主语("an ever growing understanding of other persons, including their attitudes and views of the world")包含多层修饰(前置定语、后置定语、分词短语补充说明),可训练学生分析复杂名词短语的能力;状语前置的识别也是常见考点。这些特征使本句在成分划分训练中具有较高价值。
- Recent studies suggest that even infants are sensitive to others' perspectives and beliefs.
"主语 + suggest/show/indicate + that 宾语从句" 是学术写作和考试阅读中的高频句式,宾语从句表达研究结论或观点的用法极为典型,掌握后可大量迁移
- Part of the motivation to revise some of Piaget's conclusions stemmed from an ideological shift about the origin of human knowledge that occurred in the second half of the 20th century.
主句含长主语+不及物动词+介词短语状语,定语从句修饰介词宾语,这种"核心名词+多层后置定语+定语从句"的结构在学术英语和考研阅读中极为常见,掌握后可迁移到大量类似长难句
- This was in part prompted by theorist Noam Chomsky, who argued that something as complex as the rules of grammar cannot be picked up from exposure to speech, but is supplied by an inborn "language faculty."
本句展示的"主句 + 非限制性定语从句(内含宾语从句)"结构在学术英语和考研阅读中非常常见,特别是描述理论家观点或研究背景时。宾语从句中的并列谓语和情态被动式也是典型的论证表达方式。掌握这类结构后可大量复用于理解和分析类似学术句子。
- Some even argue that a basic knowledge of others' minds is not only possessed by human infants, but must be evolutionarily old and hence shared by our nearest living relatives, the great apes.
主句 + 宾语从句的结构是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,宾语从句内部的 not only ... but 并列和被动语态也是常考点。该句结构典型、可复用性强,学生掌握后能迁移到大量类似句子。
- To prove that infants know more in this realm than had been acknowledged, researchers needed to come up with innovative ways of showing it.
本句成分丰富,包含不定式作目的状语、宾语从句、比较从句、介词短语作定语和状语等多种结构,且不定式和从句嵌套的层次清晰,非常适合练习成分划分和层级分析。比较从句中的省略主语也是常见易错点,训练价值较高。
- A big part of why we now recognize so much more of kids' intellectual capacities is the development of much more sensitive research tools than Piaget had at his disposal.
本句展示了考试中常见的复杂句式:主句是主系表,主语包含 why 引导的宾语从句,表语包含 than 引导的比较从句。这种在主句核心成分内部嵌套从句的结构,在四六级和考研阅读中频繁出现,掌握后可复用到大量类似句子,典型性很高。
- Instead of engaging babies in dialog or having them execute complex motor tasks, the newer methods capitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants' natural behavior repertoire: looking, listening, sucking, making facial expressions, gestures and simple manual actions.
这种“句首状语加主句加名词后定语从句”的写法在说明文和学术英语里很常见。掌握后,遇到类似的长宾语和后置修饰句子时可直接迁移。
- For example, children might look longer at an event that they did not expect to happen, or they might show facial expressions indicating that they have sympathetic concern for others.
并列复合句加从属从句的组合在四六级和考研阅读中非常常见,尤其是or连接两个主句、每个主句内含一层从句的模式。情态动词表推测、定语从句修饰名词、宾语从句说明内容,都是高频句式,学习后可大量复用。
- When researchers measure these less demanding, and often involuntary, behaviors, they can detect a sensitivity to others' mental states at a much younger age than with the more taxing methods that Piaget and his followers deployed.
本句结构在四六级和考研真题中非常典型:时间状语从句 + 主句 + 定语从句的组合,主句中包含比较结构,定语从句修饰比较对象,这种复杂句式在学术文本和考试材料中频繁出现。掌握本句结构后,可以大量复用到类似长难句的分析中。
- But it took a while longer before these tools were employed to measure children's grasp of the mental lives of others.
"it took + 时间 + before从句" 是四六级和考研阅读中的典型句式,用于表达"花费时间直到某事发生"。形式主语、被动语态、不定式目的状语都是真题常考结构,掌握本句后可迁移到大量类似句型中。
- In a set of experiments, my colleagues at the University of Southern California and I found evidence that babies can even anticipate how others will feel when their expectations are disappointed.
本句成分丰富:主句包含复合主语、及物动词宾语(名词加同位语从句);同位语从句含情态动词谓语、宾语从句;宾语从句含时间状语从句;还涉及介词短语状语、程度状语等。特别是同位语从句和宾语从句的嵌套识别,以及被动语态在时间从句中的运用,都是常考易错点,训练价值高。
- What the protagonist did not know was that an antagonist had come and messed with his possessions.
句子结构典型,成分丰富,涉及名词性从句、时态搭配、并列谓语等多个考点,虽然主干识别和时态理解有一定难度,但没有极端复杂的嵌套或罕见结构,整体平衡度好,适合作为系统训练材料帮助学生掌握常考句式。
- Children bit their lips, wrinkled their nose or wiggled(扭动) in their chair when the protagonist came back, as if they anticipated the bewilderment and disappointment he was about to experience.
这句在时态上不算很难,但在结构上包含多个高频训练点,既不会难到无法下手,又能有效练习分层拆解。对于结构和时态结合训练来说,优先级较高。
- Importantly, children showed no such reactions and remained calm when the protagonist had seen the events himself and thus knew what to expect.
本句覆盖了主语、并列谓语、宾语、表语、时间状语从句、宾语从句、同位语等多种成分,成分种类较为丰富。并列谓语 "showed ... and remained" 和从句内并列谓语 "had seen ... and knew" 都是常见的易错点,学生容易混淆谓语的归属。反身代词 "himself" 作为同位语的用法也值得练习。作为成分划分的练习句,收益较高。
- Our study reveals that by the tender age of two, kids not only track what others believe or expect; they can even foresee how others will feel when they discover reality.
本句包含丰富的成分类型:主句的主谓宾结构、宾语从句、并列谓语、what和how引导的嵌套宾语从句、时间状语从句,覆盖多种从句类型和成分搭配,且分号连接并列谓语的用法是易错点,训练价值高
- With the explicit measures used by Piaget and successors, these deeper layers of kids' understanding cannot be accessed.
简单句配介词短语状语和情态被动谓语,是学术文本和考试阅读中的常见句式;长主语加情态被动的组合在四六级和考研真题中频繁出现,典型性较高
- The new investigative tools demonstrate that kids know more than they can say: when we scratch beneath the surface, we find an emerging understanding of relations and perspectives that Piaget probably did not dream of.
这种“主旨句 + 冒号 + 细节补充”的结构在学术英语和考研阅读中极具代表性,掌握此句式对理解长难句非常有益。
- Despite these obvious advances in the study of young children's thinking, it would be a grave mistake to dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget and others before the new tests dominated the scene because the original methods revealed essential facts about how children think that the new methods cannot uncover.
本句结构高度典型:形式主语加不定式作真正主语、多重状语从句修饰主句、定语从句紧跟名词且关系代词作宾语、宾语从句说明抽象名词内容,这些都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。让步 - 主张 - 理由的论证结构也是学术文本的标准范式,掌握后可大量复用于长难句分析。
- But they can in no way replace the child's growing ability to articulate and refine her understanding of how people behave and why.
涵盖主谓宾、方式状语、宾语从句、后置定语(不定式和分词)、并列省略等多种成分,且宾语结构复杂(中心词 + 多层修饰),适合练习长难句的成分切分和从句识别。从句内部的并列省略也是易错点。
- In the latter half of the last century, fewer and fewer people believed the basis for our understanding of the world is wholly empirical.
主句 + 宾语从句(省略 that)是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,宾语从句的主语带介词短语定语也是典型结构。时态错位(主句过去时 + 从句现在时表达观点)在学术文本和叙述性文本中常见。掌握本句结构后,可迁移到大量类似的 '陈述 + 观点内容' 句型,代表性较强。
- It has been found in recent research that even small babies are sensitive to other people's points of view.
形式主语 It 加 that 主语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,在学术写作和正式文体中广泛使用。掌握这个结构后可以迁移到大量类似句子,典型性很高。
- Scientists are still debating what inference can be drawn from certain physical expressions of a child.
主句 + 宾语从句的结构在四六级和考研真题中非常常见,宾语从句由疑问词引导也是高频句式。本句涉及的进行时、情态动词、被动语态都是考试常考语法点。掌握本句结构后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- With the progress in psychology, the traditional view of children's self-centered nature and limited thinking abilities has become less and less influential.
"With + 名词短语" 作句首状语、主语带 "of" 引导的定语、现在完成时系表结构都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,句子整体结构具有很强的代表性,掌握后可大量复用于理解同类长句
- Even though marked advances have been made, it is wrong to dismiss Piaget's fundamental contributions to the study of kids' cognitive abilities.
形式主语 "it is + 形容词 + to do" 结构和让步状语从句 "even though" 都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。这类结构在议论文和学术写作中反复出现,掌握本句的分析方法可以直接迁移到大量类似句子,典型性很高。
本篇出现的 157 个英语六级真题高频词
下列单词既在本篇真题中出现,又是 英语六级 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- understandingB1n. 理解;领悟
- behaviorB1n. 行为
- thinkingA2n. 思考
- infantB2n. 婴儿
- viewA2n. 观点,看法
- cannotA1aux. 不能
- expressionB1n. 表达
- intellectualC1adj. 智力的
- mentalB1adj. 精神的
- measureB1v. 测量
- revealB2v. 揭示
- facialB2adj. 面部的
- researcherB2n. 研究人员
- lessA1det. 较少的
- powerA2n. 权力
- increasinglyB2adv. 越来越;日益;不断增加地
- perspectiveB2n. 观点
- sensitiveB2adj. 敏感的
- viewpointB2n. 观点
- focusB1n. 重点
- argueB1v. 争论
- eventA2n. 事件
- physicalB1adj. 身体的
- colleagueB1n. 同事
- complexB2adj. 复杂的,难懂的
- conductB2v. 组织并实施
- psychologistB2n. 心理学家
- psychologyB2n. 心理学
- advanceB1v. 前进
- growingA2adj. 增长的
- indicateB2v. 表明
- demonstrateB2v. 证明
- replaceA2v. 替换,更换(用新的代替旧的)
- scholarB2n. 学者
- anticipateB2v. 预料,预期(某事将发生)
- possessB2v. 拥有,持有(财产、特质等)
- systematicC1adj. 系统的
- followerB1n. 追随者
- refineB2v. 改进
- wouldA1aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会
- authorA2n. 作者
- betterA1adj. 更好的(good 的比较级)
- communityB1n. 社区
- decadeB1n. 十年
- scientificB1adj. 科学的
- accessB1n. 进入
- concernB1v. 涉及
- evidenceB1n. 证据
- laterA1adv. 以后,later
- beliefB1n. 相信
- cognitiveC1adj. 认知的
- traditionalB1adj. 传统的
- furtherB1adv. 更远地
- despiteB1prep. 尽管
- seekB1v. 寻找
- engageB2v. 参与;从事
- wrongA2adj. 错误的
- shiftB1v. 移动
- maintainB1v. 维持
- realizeB1v. 意识到,认识到
- occurB1v. 发生,出现
- figureA2n. 数字
- realityB1n. 现实
- essentialB1adj. 必不可少的
- theoryB1n. 理论
- creditB1n. 赊购,赊账
- debateB2n. 辩论
- respondB1v. 回答,答复
- analysisB2n. 分析
- trackA2n. 小路
- thusB2adv. 因此,所以
- recognizeB1v. 认出
- defineB1v. 给……下定义
- basisB2n. 基础;根据
- capacityB2n. 容量
- highlyB1adv. 非常
- originalB1adj. 最初的,原始的
- clearlyA2adv. 清楚地,明白地
- emergeB2v. 出现;浮现
- expectationB2n. 期待;预期
- firmB1adj. 坚固的
- assumeB2v. 假定
- obviousB1adj. 明显的
- previouslyB1adv. 以前,先前(指过去某个时间)
- stageA2n. 阶段
- employB1v. 雇用
- entirelyB1adv. 完全地
- limitedB1adj. 有限的
- childhoodA2n. 童年
- trulyB1adv. 真正地
- relativeB1n. 亲戚,亲属
- behaveB1v. 表现,举止
- favorB1n. 帮忙
- sceneA2n. 场景
- unableA2adj. 不能的
- motivationB2n. 动力
- calmB1adj. 平静的
- contributionB2n. 贡献
- coreB1n. 核心
- detectB2v. 发现,察觉(难以察觉的事物)
- exposureB2n. 暴露
- acknowledgeB2v. 承认(事实、错误等)
- graduallyB1adv. 逐渐地,逐步地
- stemB2n. 茎
- trapB1n. 陷阱
- convinceB1v. 说服,使相信
- insightB2n. 洞察力
- promptB2v. 促使
- witnessB2n. 目击者
- literallyB2adv. 真正地
- underestimateB2v. 低估
- consensusC1n. (意见的)一致
- cooperateB2v. 合作
- curiosityB2n. 好奇心
- dominateB2v. 控制
- foundA1v. find 的过去式和过去分词
- reactionB1n. 反应
- fundamentalB2adj. 基本的
- influentialB2adj. 有影响力的;有权势的
- innovativeB2adj. 创新的
- suitA2n. 套装
- characterizeC1v. 是…的特征
- confirmB1v. 证实
- facultyB2n. (大学的)系,院
- latterB2det. 后者的
- originB2n. 起源
- preciousB2adj. 珍贵的
- confusionB2n. 困惑
- improvedA2adj. 改进的
- paveB2v. 铺(路面)
- slowlyA1adv. 缓慢地
- subtleB2adj. 微妙的
- foreseeB2v. 预见
- historicallyB2adv. 从历史角度来看
- motorB1n. 发动机
- willingnessB2n. 愿意
- demandingB2adj. 要求高的
- variationB2n. 变化
- biteA2v. 咬
- deviseB2v. 设计
- scratchB1v. 抓
- alongsideB1prep. 在…旁边
- consequentlyB2adv. 因此,所以
- deployC1v. 部署,调动(军队或资源)
- inbornC1adj. 天生的
- possessionB2n. 拥有
- rationalityC1n. 理性
- uncoverB2v. 发现,揭露(秘密、真相等)
- collaborateB2v. 合作
- continuallyB2adv. 频繁地
- errorA2n. 错误
- generousB1adj. 慷慨的,大方的
- listenerB1n. 听者
- preschoolB1n. 学前班;幼儿园
- reviseB2v. 修改,修订(文本、计划等)
- sympatheticB2adj. 同情的
- weaknessB1n. 缺点
全文 444 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全文去重后共 444 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 35 个 · 约 8%。
- 去重总词数
- 444
- B2 以上难词
- 8%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 76%
常见问题
围绕本篇的答案段、来源、锚点构成、词汇难度与逐句定位,逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇(36–45 句)的信息分别出自哪一段?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 是长篇阅读信息匹配题,共 10 句陈述(题号 36–45),需为每句找出信息所在的段落。各句答案段依次为 36 → C · 37 → J · 38 → F · 39 → A · 40 → G · 41 → E · 42 → M · 43 → H · 44 → B · 45 → L。答案段分布:A 段 1 句 · B 段 1 句 · C 段 1 句 · E 段 1 句 · F 段 1 句 · G 段 1 句 · H 段 1 句 · J 段 1 句 · L 段 1 句 · M 段 1 句。一段可对应多句、文中另有纯干扰段,单篇样本量小,分布不代表答题规律。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的文章选自哪里?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的阅读原文选自 The Conversation新闻网站2017年3月22日文章Children understand far more about other minds than long believed(儿童理解他人心理的能力长期被严重低估)。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的 10 句里强锚点、弱锚点各有几句?
- 按锚点强弱分诊,2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 共 强 8 句 · 弱 2 句。强锚点句含唯一的数字、专有名词或独特术语,可凭指纹近乎直达对应段;弱锚点句只有满篇可见的高频泛词,需先压出主干命题、再靠语义比对与「辨邻」排除话题相邻段才能定位。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的词汇难度如何?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文去重后共 444 个单词,按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖:A1 及以下约 33%、A2 及以下约 52%、B1 及以下约 76%、B2 及以下约 92%,B2 以上(C1/C2)难词共 35 个、约占 8%。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 出现了哪些英语六级高频词?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文出现 157 个英语六级真题高频词(这些词在历年英语六级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句)。按本篇出现次数排在前的有:understanding(本篇 9 次,n. 理解;领悟; 谅解;体谅; 协议;共识 | adj. 通情达理的;善解人意的 | v. 理解(understand 的现在分词))、behavior(本篇 6 次,n. 行为;举止; (事物的)表现方式;性能; (动物的)习性)、thinking(本篇 6 次,n. 思考;想法 | v. 思考;认为(think 的现在分词) | adj. 有思想的;善于思考的)、infant(本篇 6 次,n. 婴儿;幼儿; 未成年人(法律用语) | adj. 初创的;初期的; 婴儿的;幼儿的)、view(本篇 5 次,n. 观点,看法; 景色,风景; 视野,视线; 观察,审视 | v. 看待,视为; 观看,查看)、cannot(本篇 5 次,aux. 不能;无法)、expression(本篇 5 次,n. 表达;表述; 表情;神情; 措辞;词语;说法; 表达式;表示式; 表现力;表达能力)、intellectual(本篇 5 次,adj. 智力的;脑力的; 智力高的;善于思考的 | n. 知识分子;脑力劳动者)。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 36. Piaget believed that small children could not collaborate with others while playing. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 36 句的信息出自 C 段(强锚点句)。C 段定位句为「He was convinced that children literally cannot "get their act together": instead of playing cooperatively and truly together, they play side by side, with little regard for others.」(他坚信孩子们简直没法'步调一致':他们不是合作地、真正一起玩,而是各玩各的,几乎不顾及别人。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Piaget believed ↔ He was convinced that;small children ↔ children;could not collaborate with others while playing ↔ instead of playing cooperatively and truly together, they play side by side, with little regard for others)。与之话题相邻的 A 段、D 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 37. The author and his colleagues' study shows two-year-olds may be able to predict other people's feelings. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 37 句的信息出自 J 段(强锚点句)。J 段定位句为「Our study reveals that by the tender age of two, kids not only track what others believe or expect; they can even foresee how others will feel when they discover reality.」(我们的研究表明,两岁这个稚嫩年龄的孩子不仅能追踪他人相信或期待什么,甚至能预见到他人发现现实时会有怎样的感受。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(The author and his colleagues' study ↔ In a set of experiments, my colleagues at the University of Southern California and I found evidence;two-year-olds ↔ two-year-old children;may be able to predict other people's feelings ↔ they can even foresee how others will feel when they discover reality)。与之话题相邻的 E 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 38. In the latter half of the last century, fewer and fewer people believed the basis for our understanding of the world is wholly empirical. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 38 句的信息出自 F 段(强锚点句)。F 段定位句为「It became increasingly unpopular to assume that a basic understanding of the world can be built entirely from experience.」(认为对世界的基本理解可以完全建立在经验之上的这一假设,变得越来越不被接受。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(In the latter half of the last century ↔ in the second half of the 20th century;fewer and fewer people believed ↔ It became increasingly unpopular to assume;the basis for our understanding of the world is wholly empirical ↔ a basic understanding of the world can be built entirely from experience)。该句锚点唯一、直达对应段,文中无易混的相邻段。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 39. Research conducted by Jean Piaget in the last century suggested babies were insensitive to others' thinking. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 39 句的信息出自 A 段(弱锚点句)。A 段定位句为「The interviews and experiments he conducted with kids in the middle of the 20th century suggested that they were trapped in their subjective viewpoints, incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe.」(他在 20 世纪中叶对孩子做的访谈和实验表明,孩子们被困在自己的主观视角里,无法想象他人在想什么、感受什么、相信什么。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Research conducted by Jean Piaget in the last century ↔ The interviews and experiments he conducted with kids in the middle of the 20th century;babies were insensitive to others' thinking ↔ they were trapped in their subjective viewpoints, incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe)。与之话题相邻的 C 段、D 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 40. Our improved understanding of babies' intellectual power is attributable to better research tools. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 40 句的信息出自 G 段(强锚点句)。G 段定位句为「A big part of why we now recognize so much more of kids' intellectual capacities is the development of much more sensitive research tools than Piaget had at his disposal.」(我们今天之所以能识别儿童远比过去多得多的智力,很大程度上是因为研究工具比皮亚杰当年所能用到的更敏感得多。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Our improved understanding of babies' intellectual power ↔ we now recognize so much more of kids' intellectual capacities;attributable to better research tools ↔ the development of much more sensitive research tools than Piaget had at his disposal)。与之话题相邻的 H 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 41. It has been found in recent research that even small babies are sensitive to other people's points of view. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 41 句的信息出自 E 段(弱锚点句)。E 段定位句为「Recent studies suggest that even infants are sensitive to others' perspectives and beliefs.」(近期研究表明,连婴儿也对他人的视角和信念敏感。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(recent research ↔ Recent studies;even small babies ↔ even infants;are sensitive to other people's points of view ↔ are sensitive to others' perspectives and beliefs)。与之话题相邻的 J 段、B 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 42. Scientists are still debating what inference can be drawn from certain physical expressions of a child. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 42 句的信息出自 M 段(强锚点句)。M 段定位句为「There's no consensus in today's science community about how much we can infer from a look, a facial expression or a hand gesture.」(对于从一个眼神、一个面部表情或一个手势中可以推断出多少东西,当今科学界尚无共识。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Scientists are still debating ↔ There's no consensus in today's science community;what inference can be drawn from certain physical expressions of a child ↔ how much we can infer from a look, a facial expression or a hand gesture)。该句锚点唯一、直达对应段,文中无易混的相邻段。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 43. The newer research methods focus on infants' simple behaviors instead of requiring them to answer questions. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 43 句的信息出自 H 段(强锚点句)。H 段定位句为「Instead of engaging babies in dialog or having them execute complex motor tasks, the newer methods capitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants' natural behavior repertoire: looking, listening, sucking, making facial expressions, gestures and simple manual actions.」(新方法不是让婴儿参与对话或执行复杂的运动任务,而是利用婴儿天然行为库中固有的那些行为:看、听、吸吮、做面部表情、手势和简单的手部动作。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(The newer research methods ↔ the newer methods;focus on infants' simple behaviors ↔ capitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants' natural behavior repertoire;instead of requiring them to answer questions ↔ without having to respond to questions or instructions)。与之话题相邻的 G 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 44. With the progress in psychology, the traditional view of children's self-centered nature and limited thinking abilities has become less and less influential. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 44 句的信息出自 B 段(强锚点句)。B 段定位句为「Consequently, the old view of children's egocentric(自我中心的) nature and intellectual weaknesses has increasingly fallen out of favor and become replaced by a more generous position that sees a budding sense not only of the physical world but also of other minds, even in the "youngest young."」(结果,那种认为儿童本性自我中心、智力薄弱的旧观点越来越失宠,被一种更宽厚的立场所取代:这种立场认为,即使在'最小的小娃'身上,也已经萌发了对物质世界、乃至他人心智的感知。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(the traditional view of children's self-centered nature and limited thinking abilities ↔ the old view of children's egocentric(自我中心的) nature and intellectual weaknesses;has become less and less influential ↔ has increasingly fallen out of favor;With the progress in psychology ↔ Researchers began to devise ever more ingenious ways of figuring out what goes on in the minds of babies, and the resulting picture of their abilities shows subtle variations)。与之话题相邻的 E 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 45. Even though marked advances have been made, it is wrong to dismiss Piaget's fundamental contributions to the study of kids' cognitive abilities. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2020年7月英语六级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 45 句的信息出自 L 段(强锚点句)。L 段定位句为「Despite these obvious advances in the study of young children's thinking, it would be a grave mistake to dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget and others before the new tests dominated the scene because the original methods revealed essential facts about how children think that the new methods cannot uncover.」(尽管在儿童思维研究上已有这些显著进展,但若就此否定皮亚杰等人在新方法主导之前所做的细致而系统的分析,那将是严重的错误,因为那些原始方法揭示了新方法所无法揭示的关于儿童思维的本质事实。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Even though marked advances have been made ↔ Despite these obvious advances in the study of young children's thinking;it is wrong to dismiss Piaget's fundamental contributions to the study of kids' cognitive abilities ↔ it would be a grave mistake to dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget and others before the new tests dominated the scene)。与之话题相邻的 K 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。