2025年12月·第1套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干 What does the author think about today's America? 问的是作者对一个明确对象的具体看法，不是问全文主旨、不含 infer/imply。

句子结构是 What does the author think about today's America?，主语 the author、谓语 think、介词宾语 today's America；无从句、无否定，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  struggling to transform fiction into reality 的字面义是「努力把虚构变成现实」，与 struggling to separate truth from fantasy（努力分清真相与幻象）方向相反——原文是要分开两者，不是把虚构变成现实。

• B)张冠李戴

  It has been the focus of many vital conversations 把美国当成「对话的焦点」；但 the battle for equity is at the heart of these vital conversations 里说的是「公平之战是这些对话的核心」，焦点是 equity，不是美国。

• C)✓ 正确
  • get our country back on the path toward true equity↔still has a long way to go before equity can be truly realized
  • our society is still struggling to separate truth from fantasy↔still has a long way to go

  预判「离真正公平还远」与 still has a long way to go before equity can be truly realized 一一对应，且呼应 still struggling——锁定 C。

• D)以偏概全

  disagree on nearly every issue 把分歧泛化到「几乎每一个议题」；原文只举了 climate change 与 how slavery is taught 等具体议题，且作者关心的核心是 equity，没有「几乎每个议题都有分歧」的论断。

题干 What do we learn from the passage about black students in the past 20 years? 问从文中「得知」什么，明确锁定群体加时间，是要求回原文复述事实。

What do we learn from the passage about black students in the past 20 years? 是 What...about... 结构，about 后跟的 black students in the past 20 years 是定位对象；结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • if equity issues related to higher education had been adequately addressed over the past two decades↔unfairly treated regarding higher education
  • Black students could have increased their lifetime incomes $90 – $113 billion↔They have been unfairly treated

  预判「过去二十年高等教育对黑人学生不公」与 unfairly treated regarding higher education 一一对应——锁定 A。

• B)无中生有

  battling hard to address equity issues 把「被动遭遇不公」换成「主动奋力解决公平问题」；原文只说公平问题如果被妥善处理黑人学生本可多挣钱，并未说他们自己在奋斗解决。

• C)与原文相反

  They have boosted their lifetime incomes by billions of dollars 用现在完成时陈述「已经多挣了」；原文是 could have increased 虚拟语气，含义是「本可以但实际没有」——选项把虚拟当作了现实。

• D)偷换概念

  come to see the consequences of racial discrimination 把话题偷换成「看清种族歧视的后果」；原文谈的是高等教育公平问题与黑人学生的收入损失，并未提及他们「认识到歧视后果」这一心理变化。

题干 How can Americans bridge the differences that divide them? 问的是「如何做到 X」，要求从原文找具体路径，是细节题。

How can Americans bridge the differences that divide them? 中 that divide them 是定语从句修饰 differences，等于 the differences which divide Americans；结构稍长，但无否定无比较，逻辑直白。

• A)答非所问

  dealing with the thorny issues confronting them 描述的是「直面棘手问题」。原文 address our shared issues head-on 这一表述是作者对 polarization 的回应，并非他给出的「弥合分歧」路径；定位句 P4 给出的路径只有 honoring King's legacy。

• B)无中生有

  seizing every chance to enhance racial harmony 把答案拉到「抓住一切机会促进种族和谐」。原文只谈 equity、bridge differences、honor King's legacy，没有 racial harmony 的提法，也没有 every chance 这种全称量化。

• C)✓ 正确
  • by honoring King's legacy↔continuing to pursue Martin Luther King Jr.'s cause
  • in the words of Martin Luther King Jr., "A society at peace with itself, a society that can live with its conscience."↔Martin Luther King Jr.'s cause

  预判「继承金的精神遗产」与 By continuing to pursue Martin Luther King Jr.'s cause 一一对应——锁定 C。

• D)偷换概念

  striving to identify exceedingly valuable opportunities 截取了 missing out on valuable opportunities 中的 valuable opportunities，但原文的语义是「我们正在错失机会」，并非「努力识别极有价值的机会」；选项把「错过」扭成「努力寻找」。

题干 How do most Americans view America as a nation according to a recent survey? 明确说 according to a recent survey，要求复述调查数据，是细节题。

How do most Americans view America as a nation according to a recent survey? 主干是 How do most Americans view America，as a nation 是补足语相当于把 America 视作一个国家整体，according to a recent survey 是状语限定信息来源；无陷阱。

• A)张冠李戴

  compelled to address its historical social issues 借用了 they should compel us to address our shared issues head-on 的措辞，但那句话是作者对 polarization 报告的回应，不是 most Americans 在调查中表达的看法；本题问的是 most Americans 的看法。

• B)张冠李戴

  delaying advancements toward racial equality 借用 our deeply rooted divisions are delaying these advancements，但原文里拖延进步的主语是 our deeply rooted divisions（根深蒂固的分裂），且这是作者的判断而非调查结论；本题问的是调查里美国人怎么看美国。

• C)与原文相反

  has kept itself from polarization 意为「避免了两极分化」。原文 reports of increased polarization 明确说「两极分化在加剧」，且 77% 的美国人认为国家更分裂——选项与调查结论方向相反。

• D)✓ 正确
  • more divided than ever before↔increasingly split
  • 77 percent of Americans believe↔It has become increasingly split

  预判「国家越来越分裂」与 has become increasingly split 一一对应——锁定 D。

题干 What does the author suggest Americans do? 问作者建议美国人做什么——是一个落到具体动作的细节题，不是问全文中心。

What does the author suggest Americans do? 是宾语从句结构，suggest 后省略 that，Americans 是从句主语、do 是从句谓语原形；结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  Ensure the well-being of their children and grandchildren 借用 our children and our grandchildren deserve better，但那句是说「下一代值得更好」——是作者的忧虑动机，不是他给读者的具体建议；选项把动机当成了行动。

• B)✓ 正确
  • let's commit to working together to disrupt the status quo↔Make joint efforts to tackle the nation's equity issues
  • the path toward true equity↔the nation's equity issues

  预判「联手打破现状」与 Make joint efforts to tackle the nation's equity issues 一一对应——锁定 B。

• C)偷换概念

  Restrain their intolerance and discrimination 把答案换成「克制偏狭与歧视」。原文 Unless we get honest about intolerance, bias 要求的是「对偏狭与偏见保持诚实」——是承认与谈论，而不是 restrain（克制压抑）。

• D)偷换概念

  Restore social order for a harmonious nation 借用末段 build a better, more inclusive nation 的「建设国家」色彩，但 restore social order（恢复社会秩序）原文从未提及；原文是「建设更包容」，不是「恢复秩序」。