2010年考研英语一真题句子解析： "So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism," Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as 'a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are'."

to keep their own end up in journalism

不定式"to keep"作后置定语，修饰"brains enough or literary gift enough"，说明所需头脑或文学天赋的用途。这是"名词 + enough + 不定式"结构，不定式表示"足够...以便做某事"，体现目的或结果关系。

Newman wrote

"Newman wrote"插在直接引语中间，用逗号隔开，标明引语的说话人。这是引述性插入语的标准形式，类似"he said"或"she added"，可以从句子中拎出而不影响引语本身的完整性。

to define 'journalism' as 'a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are'

在"I am tempted to define"结构中，"tempted"是形容词作表语，不定式"to define"作主语补足语，说明主语"I"被诱使去做的具体动作。这是"be + 形容词 + to do"句型，不定式补充说明形容词所表示状态的具体内容。

a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are

名词短语"a term of contempt"后接过去分词短语"applied by writers..."作后置定语（第一层），该分词短语中包含定语从句"who are not read"修饰"writers"（第二层），介词短语"to writers"后又嵌套定语从句"who are"（第二层）。这是过去分词非谓语结构套定语从句的两层嵌套，需要逐层剥离才能理清修饰关系。

applied by writers who are not read to writers who are

过去分词"applied"作后置定语修饰"a term of contempt"，表示被动关系，说明这个轻蔑之词是被某类作家用来指称另一类作家的。完整修饰结构"applied by writers... to writers..."体现了"被...使用于..."的被动语义，这是过去分词作定语的典型用法。

to writers who are

第二个定语从句"who are"后省略了动词"read"，完整形式应为"writers who are read"（被阅读的作家）。这是为避免与前文"writers who are not read"重复，在定语从句谓语中省略了相同动词，需要根据上文还原省略成分才能完整理解句意。

brains enoughliterary gift enough to keep their own end up

本句中 "enough" 出现了两次，均采用后置修饰的用法："brains enough" 和 "literary gift enough"。第二个 "enough" 后接 "to keep"，构成 "enough to do" 结构，表示程度达到某种结果。

"enough" 既可以前置修饰名词（"enough brains"），也可以后置修饰名词（"brains enough"）。后置用法在正式文体和文学作品中较为常见，强调程度。两种位置的语法功能相同，都是限定词修饰名词，后接 "to do" 时表达 "足够…以至于能够做某事"。

识别要点：(1) 找到 "enough" 修饰的核心词（名词、形容词或副词）；(2) 确认后面是否跟有 "to do" 不定式；(3) 判断逻辑关系是否为 "达到某种程度，从而能够做某事"。

本句结构："so few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep..." 可理解为 "very few authors have sufficient brains or sufficient literary gift to keep..."（极少作者有足够的才智或文学天赋来维持...）。

可迁移方法：遇到 "名词 + enough + to do" 时，将其改写为 "sufficient + 名词 + to do" 或 "名词 + that is sufficient to do"，可帮助理解其程度结果含义。