考研英语真题中的过去分词

Their North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN) provided the basis for a study published last month.

他们的北美年轮火灾疤痕网络（NAFSN）为上个月发表的一项研究提供了基础。

Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939.

本周开幕，由Beatty Rubens在牛津大学博德利图书馆策划的一本书和展览记录了广播如何从1922年到1939年改变了日常生活。

The reality is startlingly different, as I discovered when the culture department commissioned me to conduct an independent review of English public libraries, published yesterday.

现实情况令人震惊地不同，正如我所发现的，当时文化部门委托我进行了一项针对英国公共图书馆的独立审查，该审查已于昨日公布。

As the streamers' emphasis changed from subscriber growth to profitability, prices for the services went up and the number of new shows went down to 481 released in 2023, with the number expected to dip into the 300s within a few years.

随着流媒体平台将重点从订阅用户增长转向盈利，服务的价格上涨，新节目的数量降至2023年发布的481部，并且预计几年内该数量将跌至300部左右。

Located in the southern Peloponnesian peninsula, Pavlopetri (the modern name of the site) emerged as a Neolithic settlement around 3500 B.C. and became an important trading center for Mycenaean Greece (1650–1180 B.C.).

位于伯罗奔尼撒半岛南部，帕夫洛佩特里（该遗址的现代名称）在公元前3500年左右作为新石器时代聚落兴起，并成为迈锡尼希腊（公元前1650-1180年）的重要贸易中心。

This trail, when Dutch colonists arrived, was widened and made into one of the main trade roads across the island, known at the time as de Heere Straat, or Gentlemen's Street.

这条小路，当荷兰殖民者到达时，被拓宽并被改造成岛上的主要贸易道路之一，在当时被称为de Heere Straat，或绅士街。

The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way, and they are very characteristic: Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.

植物产生的挥发性化学物质可以被携带很长的距离，并且它们非常具有特征性：每一种植物或树木都有其独特的气味特征。

In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history.

在《儿童心理学与精神病学杂志》上发表的一篇论文中，研究人员表示，西方核心家庭是一种打破进化史的近代发明。

They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to place by purchase.

它们不能被与为销售而创作的艺术品相比较，这些艺术品可以通过购买在人与人之间、地方与地方之间传递。

Not only will this foster political and social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.

这不仅会助长政治和社会动荡，而且正如科伊尔所指出的，它可能会阻碍区域经济增长所需的各类人工智能技术。

A pressure-sensitive mat would be more appropriate to limit the surveyed area.

一块压敏垫将更适合用于限制被调查区域。

And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.

因此，我们将呼吁从里士满到奥尔巴尼的州议员考虑审查他们自己的湿地保护措施，并亲自看看所涉及的巨大利害关系。

In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities.

在一个例子中，一个人——同时担任作者、编辑和顾问——能够使用至少15种期刊作为由三所大学的五位科学家发表的文章的引文提供者。

Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.

布兰奇指出，即使越来越多的官方指南和教科书反映了关于气候变化的科学共识，传达更多有偏见观点的非官方教育材料正在被分发给教师。

And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.

并且他是一场被称为浪漫主义的运动的创始人之一，这场运动赞美自然界的奇迹。

A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand.

由莱顿大学的伊芙琳·克朗及其同事在《儿童发展》期刊上发表的一项新研究表明，青少年的积极面和消极面是相辅相成的。

Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, including emails, social media posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate frequency.

可以收集关于客户可以在何处被接触的数据，例如位置、使用的设备、网站互动和访问的网站，以适当的形式展示营销信息，包括电子邮件、社交媒体帖子、弹出式广告和横幅，并以适当的频率。

But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.

但发表在《认知》上的一项新研究发现，在至少一个现实世界情境中，一节单独的伦理课可能产生了持久影响。

Van Oosten calls those chemicals "sunscreens" because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers.

范·奥斯滕称这些化学物质为“防晒霜”，因为它们的目的是防止进一步的光损伤并重建磨损的聚合物纤维。

Some rest in the shade of a parked car.

一些人在一辆停放的汽车的阴影下休息。

I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman's appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.

我渴望阅读更多内容，但惊讶地发现阿曼1914年发表的附录是唯一被认为关于这场秘密战争的已撰写内容。

Given their combined market value of more than $5.5 trillion, rifling through such small deals—many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise—might seem beside the point.

考虑到它们超过5.5万亿美元的总市值，仔细检查这些小型交易——其中许多远不如Wunderlist和Sunrise那么知名——可能似乎离题了。

Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.

被称为有条件现金转移支付或CCTs的这些社会援助项目旨在减少不平等并打破贫困循环。

The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.

最激烈且完全非法的反应是Sci-Hub的出现——一种全球科学论文复印机，成立于2012年，该网站如今声称能提供2015年以来发表的每一篇付费墙文章的访问权限。

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.

根据芬兰研究人员Jari Hietanen及其同事的研究，在神经质测试中得分高的人（神经质是一种与自我意识和焦虑相关的人格维度）中，眼神接触引发了更多与回避相关的活动。

The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has issued a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures.

食品标准局（FSA）已发布了一项关于一种名为丙烯酰胺的化合物的风险的公开警告，该化合物在一些高温烹饪的食物中形成。

It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.

正是伴随着这些伟大的启示，一种以理性为基础的新哲学诞生了。

Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.

从2012年左右开始，签证申请急剧增加；从2011年到2016年，签发的签证数量增加了一倍多。

A recent paper, titled "The Natural Selection of Bad Science", published on the Royal Society's open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question.

一篇最近的论文，标题为《坏科学的自然选择》，发表在英国皇家学会的开放科学网站上，试图回答这个有趣且重要的问题。

The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.

该策略还旨在确保从森林中移除的木质材料中的碳以固体木材的形式被封存，或在原本会使用化石燃料的车辆中作为生物燃料被燃烧。

Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, "you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions," notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI.

每当决策基于大量数据时，“你很快就会陷入许多伦理问题，”新加坡一家帮助政府制定人工智能伦理使用自愿准则的机构的首席执行官陈杰豪指出。

Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns.

1875年完工的国务院南翼是第一个被占用的部分，其优雅的四层图书馆（1876年完工）、外交接待室和部长办公室装饰有木雕、东方地毯和模板墙图案。

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work – be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a "journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.

有许多掌握深度工作艺术的方法——无论是致力于特定任务的长时间静修；培养日常习惯；还是在一整天中一有机会就采取“新闻式”的方法来抓住深度工作的时刻。

For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.

一方面，与数字经济内部变化的速度相比，它是非常缓慢的。

The drive to discover is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for food or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.

探索的动力深深植根于人类，与对食物或住所的基本驱动力大致相同，芝加哥大学的奚恺元说道。

A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building.

一系列火灾（包括1814年英国人点燃的那些）和过度拥挤的状况导致了现有财政部大楼的建造。

"When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel tired," Danaher says, adding, "In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different" – perhaps different enough to throw himself into a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters.

"当我结束一天辛苦的工作回到家时，我经常感到疲倦，" Danaher说，并补充道："在一个我不必工作的世界里，我可能会感觉相当不同"——也许不同到足以让他全身心投入到一个爱好或一个充满热情的项目中，其投入的强度通常是为职业事务保留的。

Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.

这种愿景基于在一个建立在就业概念上的社会中失业的弊端。

Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

火灾生态学与管理专家Max Moritz教授表示，尽管野火常被视为西部各州的问题，但野火发生频率的不断增加因其对联邦税收的影响而成为全国性的关注点。

The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.

该研究发现，在被起诉的公司中，那些拥有最全面企业社会责任项目的公司往往会受到更宽松的处罚。

For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.

例如，学生们正在开发的其中一个应用程序会根据你的心情推荐电影。

"There is one and only one social responsibility of business," wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits."

"企业有且只有一项社会责任，"诺贝尔经济学奖得主米尔顿·弗里德曼写道，"那就是，利用其资源并从事旨在增加其利润的活动。"

If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.

如果你不熟悉单词或习语，你会猜测它们的意思，使用上下文中呈现的线索。基于它们稍后会变得相关的假设，你会对语篇实体以及它们之间可能的联系做一个心理记录。

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: "The creation of the 'statistics board' was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."

当被问及是否有特定的论文推动了这一变化时，麦克纳特说：“‘统计委员会’的成立是受到对科学研究中统计和数据分析应用的广泛担忧的推动，并且是《科学》杂志提高我们所发表研究的可重复性的整体努力的一部分。”

Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.

被贬低到边缘的词语一直是正义、公平、宽容、相称性和问责制。

If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.

如果你不熟悉单词或习语，你会猜测它们的意思，使用上下文中呈现的线索。基于它们稍后会变得相关的假设，你会在心里记下语篇实体以及它们之间可能的联系。

"Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal," writes McNutt in an editorial.

“读者必须对发表在我们期刊上的结论有信心，” McNutt在一篇社论中写道。

The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.

劳工部使用的调查询问人们他们在参考周是否工作少于35小时。

The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted on 1,932 unique subjects which compared pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.

这项研究是一项对1932名独特受试者进行的全基因组分析，该分析比较了成对的无血缘关系朋友和无血缘关系陌生人。

He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC.

他正在寻找归因于公元前14世纪至12世纪统治希腊的古代迈锡尼文化的微小雕刻印章。