考研英语真题时态语态统计

Perhaps most encouraging of all is a paper from 2022 by researchers at Stanford University that involved a mix of contrived help-seeking interactions and asking people to recall times they'd sought help in the past.

或许最令人鼓舞的是一篇2022年由斯坦福大学的研究人员所做的论文，该论文涉及一种人为设计的求助互动和要求人们回忆他们过去寻求帮助的时刻的混合。

"The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves," Jacqui O'Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which commissioned the study, said.

“这项研究表明，演员的工作方式对儿童使用语言的方式以及他们如何看待自己有很大影响。”委托这项研究的皇家莎士比亚剧团（RSC）的杰奎·奥汉伦说。

"The American Medical Association advises physicians that 'in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,'" Menke wrote.

"美国医学协会建议医生，'在存在实质性驾驶障碍的明确证据表明对患者和公共安全构成严重威胁的情况下，以及当医生关于停止驾驶特权的建议被忽视时，通知机动车管理部门是可取且符合伦理的，'"门克写道。

I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.

我开始认识到一篇糟糕论文的各种迹象：那种论文声称表明每周食用超过一公斤西兰花的人，比那些食用量少的人晚年患恶性贫血的可能性高1.17倍。

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: "The creation of the 'statistics board' was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."

当被问及是否有特定的论文推动了这一变化时，麦克纳特说：“‘统计委员会’的成立是受到对科学研究中统计和数据分析应用的广泛担忧的推动，并且是《科学》杂志提高我们所发表研究的可重复性的整体努力的一部分。”

Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home.

随着许多希望在美国永久安家的人而来的，还有那些无意停留、只想赚些钱然后回家的人。

Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?

作者认为谁本应该解决这个问题？

This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.

如果不是因为科学家们可以轻易地安排在他们未来的出版物中引用自己，或者让同事们为他们这样做以换取类似的帮助，这将是合理的。

He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.

他指出，他总是在清晰简洁地表达自己方面遇到很大困难，但他认为，正是这种困难可能具有一种补偿性的优势，即迫使他长时间专注地思考每一个句子，从而使他能够发现推理和自己观察中的错误。

Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed – and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

电视是创造和传递这些情感的手段之一——并且或许以前从未像在欧洲最近的事件中那样，在连接不同民族和国家方面发挥如此大的作用。

But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners: pirates that use software to rip a film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own, illegitimate services, which rake in about $2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.

但流媒体时代对一些意外赢家来说是福音：那些使用软件在几秒钟内从合法在线视频平台上窃取电影或电视节目，并在自己的非法服务上托管这些内容的盗版者，这些非法服务每年从广告和订阅中获得约20亿美元。

Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make provision for their long-term preservation?

考虑到那些制作这些制品的人很少为其长期保存做准备，你是否思考过无形格式、数字信息的生命周期？

Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.

布兰奇指出，即使越来越多的官方指南和教科书反映了关于气候变化的科学共识，传达更多有偏见观点的非官方教育材料正在被分发给教师。

But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting "the Rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

但是有趣的是思考我们每周看到的无压力、增强幸福感的为人父母的形象是否在某种微小的、潜意识的方式上加剧了我们自己对实际体验的不满，就像我们中的一小部分人曾希望剪“瑞秋”发型可能会让我们看起来有一点点像詹妮弗·安妮斯顿一样。

It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

令人担忧的是，社会正在将越来越多的行为问题医学化，常常将早期更严厉的几代人解释为意志力薄弱的问题定义为成瘾。

Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit – and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.

只有失业者带着简历到达就业中心、注册在线求职并开始找工作，他们才有资格获得救济金——然后他们应该每周报告，而不是每两周报告一次。

There will be no charge and you will never be asked to justify or explain yourself; you will simply be welcomed in, offered help if you need it, and left alone if you do not.

那里将不收取费用，你也永远不会被要求为自己辩护或解释；你将只是被欢迎进来，如果你需要就被提供帮助，如果你不需要就被独自留下。

Improvements will also come from the high-density technology and satellite signalling that RFI has been investing in for years, say experts.

专家表示，改进也将来自RFI多年来一直投资的高密度技术和卫星信号。

But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.

但如果安特吉公司遵守了它的承诺，那场辩论就会离题。

Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.

相反，该公司恰恰做了它长期以来承诺不会做的事情：在联邦法院挑战佛蒙特州规则的合宪性，作为维持其佛蒙特扬基核电站运行的孤注一掷的努力的一部分。

Not only did they develop such a device, but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.

他们不仅开发了这样一种设备，而且到千禧年之交，他们还成功地将其嵌入到一个每天有数十亿人访问的全球系统中。

Publication of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.

这封信的发表是在欧文勋爵引发媒体强烈抗议的两天后，当时他表示，欧洲立法中所含隐私控制条款的解释权将留给法官而非议会。

As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share the night terrors of historians, and I'd be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists.

作为一名日常工作围绕特藏和数字资产的图书管理员，我与历史学家有同样的夜间恐惧，如果我说目前存在一个全面的保存解决方案，那我就是在撒谎。

Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.

根据该计划，例如，该机构表示，只要土地所有者或企业签署了一项大范围的恢复草原松鸡栖息地的管理计划，它就不会起诉那些无意中杀死、伤害或干扰这种鸟的土地所有者或企业。

The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were "quietly retiring them to their relevant sections".

行业杂志《书商》报道称，水石书店分店经理们被告知要将PRH的书籍从诸如桌子、展示区和橱窗等显眼区域移走，并且“将它们悄悄归到其相关区域”。

Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.

尽管教会试图压制这新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，关于宇宙如何运作的更多解释正以人们再也无法忽视的速度被提出。

This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.

她认为，这种同样缺乏道德目的的情况正在伤害诸如新闻国际这样的公司，使其更有可能像过去普遍存在的非法电话窃听事件那样迷失方向。

With so much research left to do, leaders in the field have been doing some soul-searching, and acknowledging that restoration can be motivated by — and designed to meet — different needs.

鉴于还有很多研究要做，该领域的领导者一直在进行一些深刻反思，并承认修复工作可以由不同的需求驱动，并旨在满足这些需求。

Improvements will also come from the high-density technology and satellite signalling that RFI has been investing in for years, say experts.

专家表示，改进也将来自RFI多年来一直投资的高密度技术和卫星信号。

"No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have been passionately involved in each for an extended period of time," Rexford wrote in an email.

"没有大学会期望一个学生有一长串的课外活动，并且他们在每一项上都热情地参与了很长一段时间，"雷克斯福德在一封电子邮件中写道。

The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost—and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.

古腾堡印刷机改变了文明，不是通过改变书写的本质，而是通过改变其成本——并且如果没有书写表面价格的同步下降，它本不会有什么成就，这要归功于一种常被忽视的名为纸张的技术。

"I don't believe that the legal protection would have happened in the time frame that it did without those images," says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.

“我不相信如果没有那些图像，法律保护会在当时的时间框架内发生，”希瑟·汉森说，她是《先知与大亨、护林员与流氓、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局的100年》的记者和作者。

This might sound small, but to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.

这听起来可能微不足道，但要消除这种下降的影响，候选人需要比原本所需的多出30分GMAT分数。

Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it's those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff's passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.

大名鼎鼎的企鹅兰登书屋作者可能会受一点影响，但正是那些中游作家，他们通常依靠水石书店员工推广小众作家书籍的热情，将会祈祷这场争端的结束。

Meanwhile, Schwitzgebel—who had predicted no effect—will be eating his words.

与此同时，曾预测不会有效果的施维茨格贝尔将收回他的话。

An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

非自愿兼职工作的增加是劳动力市场疲软的证据，并且这意味着许多人将很难维持生计。

A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.

去年的一份报告指出，订阅费用和这些“文章准备费用”的成本一直在以高于通货膨胀的速度稳步上升。

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.

世界艺术品市场在2003年以来令人困惑地上涨之后，已经有一段时间失去势头了。

Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.

整个晚上，有一个男人特别健谈，频繁地提出想法和轶事，而他的妻子则静静地坐在沙发上他的旁边。

"The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them."

"未来像空瓶子一样沿着一条不可阻挡且近乎无限的传送带向我们走来，"加里·埃伯勒在他的《神圣时间》一书中写道，并且"我们感到一种压力，要在这些不同大小的瓶子（日子、小时、分钟）经过时把它们装满，因为如果它们没被装满就过去了，我们就浪费了它们。"

Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast.

即使家庭不像以前那样频繁地一起坐下来吃饭，数百万英国人本周末仍将分享该国伟大传统之一：周日烤肉。

Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and the digital age will have arrived.

孩子们将玩装有个性芯片的玩偶，具有内置个性的计算机将被视为同事而非工具，休闲将在气味电视前进行，并且数字时代将已到来。

Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

父母们会在查看他们的电子邮件，而孩子们会在发出兴奋的关注请求。