考研英语真题中的插入语

Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested.

研究人员表示，从非洲狩猎采集者那里获得的育儿技巧可能是培养更满足的孩子的关键。

Glenn Branch, the centre's deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards.

该中心副主任格伦·布兰奇警告说，制定州级科学标准只是一个将决策权下放给地方学校董事会的国家中的一个有限基准。

These are "tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people," says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.

这些是“帮助人们使用数据的工具，而不是对人的替代”，麻省理工学院人工智能与计算机科学教授Patrick H. Winston说。

Given their combined market value of more than $5.5 trillion, rifling through such small deals—many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise—might seem beside the point.

考虑到它们超过5.5万亿美元的总市值，仔细检查这些小型交易——其中许多远不如Wunderlist和Sunrise那么知名——可能似乎离题了。

Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be "nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever".

甚至连喜欢尽情欢笑的马克·吐温也说过，当谈到摄影肖像时，“没有什么比永远定格的愚蠢、傻气的笑容更具杀伤力了”。

The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.

最激烈且完全非法的反应是Sci-Hub的出现——一种全球科学论文复印机，成立于2012年，该网站如今声称能提供2015年以来发表的每一篇付费墙文章的访问权限。

Britain's towns, it is true, are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bid to beat their bigger competitors.

英国的城镇，诚然，没有被阻止申请，但它们通常缺乏资源来整合一份竞标以击败它们更大的竞争对手。

James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, "having a go at the writing game".

詹姆斯·赫里奥特，与普遍看法相反，并不觉得在他早期，用他的话来说，“尝试写作游戏”是容易的。

The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.

这部喜剧小说《匹克威克俱乐部遗稿》于1836年和1837年连载发表，并于1837年首次以书籍形式出版。

"The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College.

"差距存在于无需技能的工作和需要大量技能的工作之间，"蒙特卡姆社区学院的商学教授罗布·斯波尔说道。

Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.

他说，父母可以通过使用他们的设备与朋友交谈或处理一些工作来获得很多好处。

Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.

研究人员表示，这样的观点将需要美国社会今天看待火灾的方式发生相应的转变。

The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more.

根据食品营销协会的数据，普通超市通常有大约44,000种不同的商品，并且许多超市还会有几万种更多的商品。

Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.

奥杜威峡谷，一个位于坦桑尼亚的早期古人类遗址，是在1911年被一个实际上掉进了它的深谷的蝴蝶猎人发现的。

As Davidson notes, "In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs – about 6 million in total – disappeared."

正如戴维森所指出的，“在截至2009年的10年里，[美国]工厂解雇工人的速度如此之快，以至于几乎抹去了前70年的所有增长；大约每三个制造业岗位中就有一个——总共约600万个——消失了。”

"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle.

"世界通史，即人类在这个世界上所取得成就的历史，本质上是那些曾在这里奋斗过的伟人的历史，"维多利亚时代的智者托马斯·卡莱尔写道。

For something curious has been happening in American universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.

因为在美国大学里一直在发生某种奇怪的事情，并且哈佛大学英语教授Louis Menand巧妙地捕捉到了它。

Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance.

他认为，优雅并非源于富足。

As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.

当拍卖师喊出出价时，在纽约华尔街最古老的银行之一雷曼兄弟公司申请破产。

The air flowing over a bird's wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash.

流过鸟翅膀的空气在翼尖后方向上卷起，这是一种被称为上洗流的现象。

Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.

因此，在他看来，文化的不同方面，诸如家庭结构、婚姻形式、亲属类别、财产所有权、政府形式、技术以及粮食生产体系，都随着社会的演变而发生了变化。

This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men.

他认为，这不可能是真的，因为《物种起源》从头到尾就是一个长长的论证，并且已经说服了许多有能力的人。

The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making free access to scientific results a reality.

互联网——以及来自资助机构的压力，这些机构正在质疑为什么商业出版商通过限制对其的访问来从政府资助的研究中赚钱——正在使科学成果的免费获取成为现实。

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.

从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，可以理解的是，这在很大程度上看起来远不像是一个承担更多经济责任的机会，而更像是一个令人恐惧的加速过程，即将金融风险大规模转移到他们本已不堪重负的肩膀上。

Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.

或者，换一种说法，专家级表演者——无论是在记忆领域、外科手术、芭蕾舞还是计算机编程方面——几乎都是后天培养的，而非天生的。

Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry – William Shakespeare – but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.

正如我们所知，埃文河畔斯特拉特福只有一个产业——威廉·莎士比亚——但存在两个截然不同且日益敌对的分支。

With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

通过大量练习，人们真的可以学会在睡梦中做到这件事。

Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace.

专家们说，假日销售额已经比去年的速度下降了7%。

Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.

医生们—因无法治愈疾病而感到沮丧，并担心患者失去希望—往往提供远超科学合理性的激进治疗。

Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.

他们认为，任何垄断的威胁都会被来自卡车的激烈竞争所消除。

And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—was built with foreign investment.

而这就是为什么美国的第二次浪潮基础设施——包括公路、港口、高速公路、港湾等等——是用外国投资建造的。

For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

有一段时间，情况看起来好像半导体的制造——美国发明了半导体，且半导体处于新计算机时代的核心——将会成为下一个牺牲品。

Science education today revolves around the idea of scientific literacy — the base-level knowledge about science that nonscientists require to effectively get on in the world.

当今的科学教育围绕着科学素养的理念——非科学家有效立足于世界所需要的关于科学的基础水平知识。

It gains Microsoft broad rights to the data inputted or outputted by any user — rights to use this data in any way it sees fit; it can even share it with third parties.

它赋予微软对任何用户输入或输出的数据的广泛权利——以其认为合适的任何方式使用该数据的权利；它甚至可以与第三方共享该数据。

Christopher Kettle, Biodiversity International's director for forest genetic resources and restoration in Rome, says that the need for infrastructure — things such as mechanisms for collecting and storing seeds, and nurseries to raise seedlings — might be most desperate here because many trees are 'masting' species, which don't produce seeds every year.

罗马生物多样性国际组织森林遗传资源与恢复主任克里斯托弗·凯特尔表示，基础设施的需求——例如收集和储存种子的机制，以及培育幼苗的苗圃——在这里可能最为迫切，因为许多树木是“ mast 结实”物种，它们不是每年都产种子。

And that's a shame, because there is much to recommend in the idea of scientific literacy as it was originally articulated in 1945, a time when science appeared to be the key to progress and scientists seemingly held the fate of the world in their hands.

而那很可惜，因为科学素养这个理念在1945年被首次阐明时，有很多值得推荐之处，当时科学似乎是进步的关键，科学家们仿佛掌握着世界的命运。

"We are never sure of anything," says the physicist (and writer) Carlo Rovelli.

"我们永远无法确定任何事情，"物理学家（兼作家）卡洛·罗韦利说。

This deficit is a testament to the effectiveness of modern firefighting, said Kelly Martin, a past president of the International Association of Wildland Fire.

这种不足是现代消防有效性的证明，国际野地消防协会前主席凯利·马丁说。

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that "we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession."

如果那听起来很夸张，请考虑一下：艺术总监工会，一个代表约3000名电影工人的工会，已经暂停了一项培训项目并发表声明，解释说“我们无法凭良心鼓励你从事我们的职业。”

"Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at crossing deserts," co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabatier University in France, tells the publication.

“驴在搬运东西方面是冠军，并且擅长穿越沙漠，”法国保罗·萨巴捷大学的进化生物学家、合著者卢多维克·奥兰多告诉该出版物。

So is soil, says Cindy Prescott, a forest ecologist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.

土壤也是如此，温哥华英属哥伦比亚大学的森林生态学家辛迪·普雷斯科特说。

As a result, scientists — physicists in particular — found themselves in high demand.

因此，科学家们——尤其是物理学家们——发现自己的需求量很大。

In many cases, it is the best option — in terms of travel time and cost — for both leisure and business travellers.

在许多情况下，它是最佳选择——就旅行时间和成本而言——对于休闲和商务旅行者来说。

To prevent entire ecosystems from going up in smoke, Martin said, people must bring healthy fire back to places that need it.

为了防止整个生态系统化为乌有，马丁说，人们必须将健康的火带回到需要它的地方。

The negotiation, between you and it, is the heart of the matter.

这场你和它之间的谈判，是问题的核心。

As demand for healthcare continues to grow, pressures on the workforce—which is already near breaking point—will only become more acute.

随着医疗保健需求的持续增长，劳动力队伍——其已接近崩溃边缘——所面临的压力只会变得更加严峻。

The crisis is here, they said, and we need to cut back on our energy-intensive modelling.

危机已经到来，他们说，我们需要减少我们的能源密集型建模。

And, as our research emphasizes, tipping now seems to be more coercive, less generous and often completely dissociated from service quality.

并且，正如我们的研究所强调的，小费现在似乎更具强制性，不那么慷慨，并且通常与服务质量完全脱节。

Instead, listen to their concerns fully, try to understand their perspective, and include their concerns (and possible remedies) in future discussions.

相反，要充分倾听他们的关切，努力理解他们的观点，并在未来的讨论中纳入他们的关切（以及可能的补救措施）。

Nearly 75 years on, with the UK facing very different health challenges, it is clear that model is out of date.

近75年过去了，随着英国面临截然不同的健康挑战，很明显那种模式已经过时了。