2024年 考研英语一阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

According to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to the practice of 既限定了原文段落，又用 refers to 直问概念定义，属典型细节题问法。

题干主干是 alloparenting refers to the practice of______，According to the first two paragraphs 是状语修饰整句来源；空位接 the practice of 后的 -ing/名词短语，意味着四个选项要填入一种「做法」。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • each child is cared for by many adults↔sharing childcare among community members
  • Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones↔sharing childcare

  预判语义「众多成年人共同照护一个孩子」与 sharing childcare among community members 几乎一一对应，故锁 A。

• B)偷换概念

  assigning babies to specific adult caregivers 中 specific 与原文 many adults（不特定的众多）正相反，把「共担」偷换成「一对一指派」。

• C)无中生有

  原文 Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones 只说大孩子参与照护，并未涉及向他们「教授育儿技巧」；teaching parenting skills to older children 把照护行为与抽象教学混为一谈。

• D)以偏概全

  原文中 "baby-wearing", in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the norm 只是 alloparenting 实践的一个例子，而非整体定义；carrying infants around by their parents 还把照护主体限定回 parents，与「共同照护」相悖。

The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate 直接问举例的目的，答题对象是上位论点而非细节。

The scheme in Germany 作主语，is mentioned to illustrate 是被动语态的不定式短语作谓语，空位接宾语；mention 的被动隐含的逻辑主语是「作者」。结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication 听起来很贴例子表面（老人 + 孩子），但作者举例的真实目的不是促进「代际沟通」，而是把 alloparenting 嵌入西方生活；focus 完全错位。

• B)✓ 正确
  • there are ways to incorporate them into western life↔an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society
  • an arrangement akin to alloparenting↔alloparenting

  预判语义「证明 alloparenting 能引入西方生活」与 an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society 完全对齐，故锁 B。

• C)与原文相反

  原文德国方案是对常规育儿模式的一次创新尝试；the conventional parenting style in western culture 把它说成「西方常规育儿方式」，与原文意图完全相反——作者举这个例子正是为「打破常规」。

• D)偷换概念

  the differences between western and African ways of living 把作者论点（如何把非洲式育儿引入西方）改写为「比较两者差异」；原文意在借鉴而非比较，且德国例子本身并未做比较。

According to Paragraph 4, the "intensive mothering narrative"______ 用 according to 锁段、用空位等待原文对该术语的客观陈述，属细节题。

题干是个待补全的陈述句：主语 the "intensive mothering narrative"，谓语动词留空，四个选项是动词短语作谓语。注意「intensive mothering」中 intensive 修饰 mothering，narrative 在此意为「叙事/论调」，整体指「密集型母职论调」。

• A)与原文相反

  原文明说 was likely to have been harmful，并附带 maternal exhaustion；alleviates parenting pressures 把「加重压力」反写为「缓解压力」，方向完全相反。

• B)无中生有

  consolidates family relationships 看似与「family」话题贴合，但原文谈的是核家庭「与演化史断裂」和「母亲独自育儿」的负面后果，从未提及家庭关系被巩固。

• C)偷换概念

  原文焦点是「母亲独自承担照护」，与「以孩子为中心的家庭」是两个概念；intensive mothering 强调的是 mother 的 intensiveness，而不是 child-centred。

• D)✓ 正确
  • broke with evolutionary history↔departs from the course of evolution
  • abrupt shift↔departs from

  预判语义「与人类演化史脱节」与 departs from the course of evolution 完全一致，故锁 D。

What can be inferred about the nurseries in the UK? 用 inferred 明示推断题。

题干结构为 What + can be inferred about + 名词短语，作主语从句疑问式；选项四项均为「主语 + 谓语」完整句，结构清晰。无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  原文只说英国规定是 one carer to four children aged two to three，并未说托儿所「达不到」这条规定；fall short of official requirements 是凭空虚构。

• B)过度推断

  have difficulty finding enough caregivers 是把「比例低」推得太远，原文并未说英国托儿所人手紧缺、招不到人；这是过度推断。

• C)✓ 正确
  • this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three↔ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio
  • introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression, which could have a "knock-on" benefit to a child's wellbeing↔improve their carer-to-child ratio

  对比信号词 + 段首支持「更多照护者」的立场，共同指向「应改善 carer-to-child ratio」的一步推断，故锁 C。

• D)张冠李戴

  原文 introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression 谈的是宏观层面增加照护者可降低家长抑郁，主体不是托儿所机构本身去「防止家长抑郁」；should try to prevent parental depression 把对象（家长抑郁）甩给了错误的执行者（nurseries）。

Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 直问最佳标题，是主旨题最直白的形式。

题干结构为 Which of the following would be the best title for the text，would be 是虚拟语气的弱化表达，相当于 is，无实际转折含义。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  Instructive teaching: a dilemma for anxious parents 提到的 instructive teaching 仅出现在 western "instructive teaching" 一处，是文章末段顺带提出的对比例子，不足以承担全文标题。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children↔For a happier family, learn from the hunter-gatherers
  • Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents "might also enhance their own social development"↔learn from the hunter-gatherers
  • there are ways to incorporate them into western life↔learn from the hunter-gatherers

  B 项一句话同时包含全文论证主体（hunter-gatherers）与论证目标（happier family），首尾呼应，覆盖全文，故锁 B。

• C)以偏概全

  Mixed-age playgroup, a better choice for lonely children 把第三段一项措施（鼓励跨年级孩子结友）当主题，又把对象限定为「lonely children」——后者原文从未提及。

• D)偷换概念

  Tracing the history of parenting: from Africa to Europe 把文章当成历史溯源；而本文是要西方向非洲狩猎采集社群「学」，不是为了「追溯历史」；副标题 from Africa to Europe 也把「学」的方向掩成了历史迁移。