2024年 考研英语一阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 21–25 题答案与解析

题干 The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of 指向一个具体历史事件的目的，原文必然有明确解释句，属典型事实细节考查。

题干 The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of 是一句被「______」截断的陈述句，主干「The Romans buried the nails」+ 状语「for the sake of ___」，副词 probably 仅作软化语气、不影响理解，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  saving them for future use 说留待将来使用，原文从未提罗马人有意保留钉子供日后取用，反而强调埋得极深以致两千年才被发现。

• B)无中生有

  keeping them from rusting 说防止生锈，原文通篇未涉及锈蚀问题，属凭常识脑补——埋在地下确实可能让人联想到防锈，但文本无此论。

• C)张冠李戴

  letting them grow in value 说让钉子增值，原文从未提到罗马人埋钉是出于升值动机，钉子升值的话题（P3）发生在后世，与罗马人无关。

• D)✓ 正确
  • they didn't want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron↔hiding them from the locals

  预判「防止当地人拿到铁」与 hiding them from the locals 完全等值，且 D 同时对应「埋得很深 so deep that they would not be discovered」的隐藏动作，锁定 D。

题干 The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to 直接用「the example…is used to」明示问例证的功能，是教科书式的例证目的题。

题干 The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to 是被截断的陈述句，主干「The example...is used to + 不定式」，选项均为不定式短语，与题干补全成完整句即可，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists 把作者的论点偷换为「凸显殖民者的节俭」，但原文论点是技术珍贵，节俭只是殖民者为获得珍贵物品的手段，不是被论证的对象。

• B)偷换概念

  illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period 说凸显铁匠的高地位，但原文只说「blacksmith's labour」的价值被看重 Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material，并未涉及铁匠的社会地位，且例子也非以铁匠为主体。

• C)无中生有

  contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails 说对比不同文明对钉子的态度，但例子里只出现 17 世纪初弗吉尼亚人这一个文明，并无对比；与罗马人之间也是先后递进而非态度对比。

• D)✓ 正确
  • underlines how scarce, costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was↔show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time

  预判「凸显造钉技术之珍贵」与 show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time 在动词、对象、时间上三重对应，锁定 D。

题干 What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s 问的是降价主因这一客观事实，原文有现成对应句，非推断。

题干 What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s 是 What 引导的特殊疑问句，主干「What played the major role」，介词短语「in lowering...」修饰 role，时间状语「after the late 1700s」限定范围，结构平实无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails↔Increased productivity

  预判「制造效率提升」与 Increased productivity 是同一概念的不同表述（efficiency 与 productivity 在经济学语境下同指投入产出比的优化），锁定 A。

• B)偷换概念

  Wider use of new energies 把原文 cheaper energy「能源变便宜」偷换为「新能源被更广泛使用」，且原文已明示能源便宜只是次因（partly by），不是 major role。

• C)无中生有

  Fiercer market competition 说更激烈的市场竞争，原文从未提到竞争，钉子制造商也不是以竞争对手身份出现，而是作为「找到更高效方法」的主体。

• D)偷换概念

  Reduced cost of raw materials 把原文 cheaper iron「铁变便宜」当作主因，但原文用 although...partly 明示这是次因，主因是制造商的效率提升。

题干 It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nails 用 learn from + Paragraph 限定范围，答案需有第 5 段直接文本支持，属段落细节题。

题干 It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nails 是形式主语句被截断：「It can be learned…that + 从句」，从句以 nails 为主语，选项为谓语部分。结构直白，注意 It 是形式主语、that 引导真正主语从句即可。

• A)与原文相反

  have undergone many technological improvements 说钉子经历了许多技术改进，与原文 they haven't changed much 截然相反；原文只承认 changed over the years 但紧接 but 否定其变化幅度。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Roman nails are still clearly nails↔have remained basically the same since Roman times
  • they haven't changed much↔have remained basically the same since Roman times

  预判「钉子大体没怎么变」与 have remained basically the same since Roman times 在「变化不大」与「时间跨度从罗马至今」两点上同义，锁定 B。

• C)无中生有

  are less studied than other everyday products 说钉子比其他日常产品「研究得少」，原文只说 Sichel 选择研究钉子，未对比研究多寡，也没有「研究少」的论断。

• D)过度推断

  are one of the world's most significant inventions 把段落主题拔高到「世界上最重要的发明之一」，原文第 5 段只在论证「钉子变化小、适合做价格追踪」，并未对其重要性下「最」的判断。该判断更属第 6、7 段的论点，不属本段。

题干 Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs 明确要求对最后两段做最佳概括，是局部主旨题。

题干 Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs 是 Which 引导的特殊疑问句，主干「Which...summarises...paragraphs」，best 作副词修饰 summarises，是常规疑问句结构，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • it's the cheap technologies that change the world↔Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change
  • Solar panels had a few niche uses until they became cheap; now they are transforming the global energy system↔Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change

  预判「便宜技术带来变革」与 Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change 完全等值，A 同时覆盖第 6 段立论与第 7 段三个例证，锁定 A。

• B)偷换概念

  Technological innovation is integral to economic success 说技术创新对经济成功不可或缺，但作者在最后两段从未把主语锁定为「creation/创新」，强调的不是「创新」而是「便宜」，且对象是改变世界，不限于经济成功。

• C)答非所问

  Technology defines people's understanding of the world 说技术定义人们对世界的认识，与作者讨论的「技术降价 → 改变世界」毫无对应，「认识论」不是这两段的话题。

• D)与原文相反

  Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions 说复杂技术由小发明发展而来，但作者本意是「便宜技术比高科技更能改变世界」，未谈技术间的演化关系；甚至 enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype 还把「华丽高科技」放在被贬斥的位置。