2018年6月·第3套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

题干 What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau? 明确指向一个具体对象（2015 年报告），答案落在该对象出现处一两句之内，属于带态度色彩的细节题，而非主旨。

What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau? 是标准 wh- 疑问句，think of =「对……怎么看」，of 后接评价对象。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • flawed and incomplete, statistic↔questionable statistics
  • it is based on surveys rather than data↔questionable statistics

  预判「数据/统计有缺陷」与 questionable statistics 是同一极性的同义改写，A 即正确项。

• B)与原文相反

  选项称报告 reflects the economic changes，把作者的否定评价说成了中性甚至肯定的事实陈述，与 flawed and incomplete 极性相反。

• C)与原文相反

  evidences the improved welfare 是 average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015 这一表象给人的直观结论，但作者随即用 Unfortunately 否定了这个结论。

• D)无中生有

  原文没有任何句子表明该报告 provides much food for thought（给人很多启迪/可思考之处）；作者只指出它有缺陷，并未夸其引人深思。

题干 What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method? 问的是「关于这个方法作者说了什么」，对象单一、答案在介绍该方法的段落中，属细节题。

What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method? 与上一题同构，say about =「就……谈了什么」，结构简单，无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  原文仅说该方法 can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time（可被用来评估），并未说它 is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries（已被广泛使用）。从「可被使用」推到「已被广泛使用」是六级阅读典型的过度推断。

• B)无中生有

  原文只说它比平均收入更全面，没有任何句子表明它 revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood（彻底变革了衡量方式）。revolutionizes 是极强的褒义动词，原文不存在如此强度的评价。

• C)以偏概全

  原文确实提到该方法考虑 growth in consumption per person，但只是若干维度之一，并未称该方法 focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income——把多维方法窄化为「只看消费、不看收入」，是典型以偏概全。

• D)✓ 正确
  • considerably more comprehensive than average income↔a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being

  预判结果 = 更全面的衡量方法，选项 a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being 几乎逐词复现预判，D 即正确项。

题干 What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison ... 指向 Jones 和 Klenow 对某次具体对比的看法，对象具体、范围窄，属细节题。

What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person? 主干是 think of the comparison，between France and the U.S. 修饰 comparison，in terms of real consumption per person 进一步限定比较维度。in terms of =「就……而言」是六级高频短语，须认得。

• A)与原文相反

  原文恰恰说仅看消费的对比 overstates the gap（夸大差距），而非 reflected the existing big gap（如实反映了大差距）。

• B)✓ 正确
  • that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality↔neglected many important indicators of people's welfare
  • overstates the gap in economic welfare↔neglected many important indicators of people's welfare

  预判与选项 neglected many important indicators of people's welfare 完全同向，B 即正确项。

• C)偷换概念

  原文谈的是 between countries（法美两国）的差距被夸大，选项 covered up the differences between individual citizens 把比较对象偷换成 individual citizens（个体公民），属偷换概念。

• D)无中生有

  原文列举的被忽视因素是 leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality，并没有提到 difference in natural resources（自然资源差异）——选项虚构了一个原文不存在的维度。

What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method? 问的是该方法的一个具体优点，对象单一，属细节题。

What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method? 简单 wh- 疑问句，无嵌套。注意 an advantage 用不定冠词，暗示「优点不止一个，你找其中一个能匹配选项的即可」。

• A)过度推断

  原文只说能 assess an economy's performance，并未说能 accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems（精确指出当前问题）。从「评估表现」到「精确诊断当前问题」是几步跳跃。

• B)无中生有

  原文未提及该方法 raise people's awareness of their economic well-being（提高人们对自身福祉的认识）——这是选项凭空添加的功能。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 the pace of improvement has slowed markedly（改善速度明显放缓）是该方法的一项观察结果，并非「该方法能诊断减速原因」。选项 diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace 把「发现现象」偷换为「诊断原因」。

• D)✓ 正确
  • assess an economy's performance over time↔compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time
  • both across countries and over time↔between different periods of time

  预判「能评估跨时间表现」即选项 compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time 的等值改写，D 即正确项。

题干 What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being? 中的 infer 是推断题的硬标志，答案需在原文句意上做一步推演。

What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being? 主干 What can we infer，about American people's economic well-being 修饰 infer 的对象。注意 infer from the passage = 从文中可以推断出，是推断题的高频固定表达。

• A)张冠李戴

  原文确实拿美国与法国比较人均消费 real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S.，但作者随即点明这种比较 overstates the gap，并未支持「美国福祉远好于欧洲国家」。把比较对象由「人均消费」张冠李戴到「整体福祉」是典型陷阱。

• B)与原文相反

  原文明确说 Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve，福祉一直在改善，仅是速度放缓；选项 on the decline ever since the turn of the century（自世纪之交以来一直下滑）与原文方向完全相反，且时间起点 the turn of the century 也比原文 Since 2007 早出几年。

• C)✓ 正确
  • the pace of improvement has slowed markedly↔has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau
  • Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic.↔reported by the Census Bureau

  P2 表明人口普查局的乐观报告基于有缺陷的统计，P7 又指出实际改善速度明显放缓——两端相减即得「实际不如所报告的乐观」，与 has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau 完全同向。

• D)无中生有

  原文没有任何句子表明美国经济福祉 has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s（自 2000 年代中期以来未被准确评估和报告）——本文只批评了 2015 年的人口普查局报告，从未给出「自中前期以来一直未被准确评估」这种宽幅断言。