2022年6月·第2套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What does the author say about communicating science to the general public? 问的是「作者对某话题说了什么」，要求回到原文找出作者关于这件事的明确表态，属于细节理解。

Q51 是简单的 What 引导特殊疑问句，主干是 the author say about 后接动名词短语 communicating science to the general public，无从句、无否定、无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  keep abreast of the latest scientific developments 把「最新科学进展」塞进选项，而 P2 只说提升理解、辅助决策，从未提及 latest developments。

• B)✓ 正确
  • necessary to augmenting public understanding of health and environmental issues↔a necessary means to improve their understanding of scientific issues

  a necessary means to improve their understanding of scientific issues 同时命中预判的「必要性」与「提升理解」两条语义槽，无多余成分，是定位句的标准同义改写。

• C)偷换概念

  get them more involved in academic debates on environmental problems 把原文「帮助个人做明智决策」偷换为「让公众参与学术辩论」，方向完全相反——原文恰恰是要把科学带到学术圈外，而非把公众拉进学术辩论。

• D)张冠李戴

  augment scientists' influence beyond the academic circle 把「augment 的对象」从原文的 public understanding 偷换为 scientists' influence——augment 这个词留下了，受益人却换了，是典型「同词不同对象」陷阱。

What does the author advise scientists to do to deal with topics outside of their specialty? 直接问「作者建议做什么」，是对原文具体建议句的事实复述。

Q52 主干 What does the author advise scientists to do，后接不定式短语 to deal with topics outside of their specialty 表目的，整体直白。

• A)无中生有

  Write or present on them from new angles 凭空加入 new angles 这一限定，原文 they only write or present on their own research 是作者要排除的误读，且无任何「新角度」之意。

• B)偷换概念

  Utilize information from diverse sources 把作者明确指出的「咨询专家 + 事实核查」泛化为「使用多元来源信息」，方向被悄悄稀释——作者强调的是「找对人」，不是「找够多源头」。

• C)✓ 正确
  • consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline↔Turn to a specialist for professional help

  Turn to a specialist for professional help 把预判的「请教 + 该领域专家」两要素逐一对上，且 specialist 与 specialty 同根，符合作者「领域内行家」的限定。

• D)张冠李戴

  Fact-check with colleagues in their field 保留 Fact-check 这一动词（直接借自原文 Fact-checking with a scientist who works in the specialty），但把对象偷换为 colleagues in their field——原文恰恰强调因为话题在 their field 之外，才要找该话题所在领域（specialty）的专家。

What does the author say we can learn from social media? 问的是「从某事例中能得出什么结论」，本质仍是回到原文找作者就 social media 给出的论断句，属于细节而非推断。

Q53 主干 What… we can learn from social media，宾语从句简单，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  A solid academic foundation is essential to understanding baffling scientific principles 把原文「公众渴望基于科学的知识」误读为「必须具备学术根基才能理解科学」——原文是「公众主动 craves 知识」，不是「没有 foundation 就不行」。

• B)偷换概念

  Modern technology has facilitated communication between scientists and the public 把 social media 上位概括为 modern technology，又把「公众理解力」偷换为「双向沟通」，原文从未谈及 facilitated communication。

• C)以偏概全

  Scientific articles have gained increasing popularity among the general public 把原文用作佐证的 the public discourse that follows most scientific articles 偷换为「科学文章越来越受欢迎」——原文谈的是文章后面的「公众讨论显示理解力」，不是文章本身受欢迎程度。

• D)✓ 正确
  • online readers can understand even the most baffling of scientific principles↔The public's understanding of science is much better than some have claimed
  • Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information…but this is absurd↔much better than some have claimed

  The public's understanding of science is much better than some have claimed 把作者用 social media 反驳「公众不够聪明」的结论一一对应——选项里 some have claimed 与原文 Some have argued 同源指代，结论同向。

What does the example of the biologist who shared an intricate analogy show? 直接问「这个例子说明了什么」，是典型例证目的题。

Q54 主干 What does the example show，example 后接 of 短语 + who 引导的定语从句修饰 biologist，从句虽长但仅作识别身份用。

• A)与原文相反

  It is helpful to use illustrations in explaining scientific phenomena 把「复杂类比」当成正面建议，与作者用此例所要表达的「这种类比反而不清晰」相反——作者明确说 not a clear example for public consumption。

• B)偷换概念

  It is imperative to have appropriate titles to explain scientific issues 把原文 appropriate credentials 偷换为 appropriate titles，且作者强调的恰恰是「光有 credentials 不够」，本选项反而说「必须有合适头衔」，方向与作者完全相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • being an expert on a topic does not automatically make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience↔A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator
  • Even though they have appropriate credentials, they often do very little in the way of explaining.↔A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator

  A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator 把作者「专家≠科普者」的论点压缩成一句格言式陈述，与论点句一对一。

• D)张冠李戴

  A nonscientific audience cannot duly understand principles of science 把矛头指向受众理解力不足，与本段乃至 P4 的论调（公众有理解力，问题在科学家不会讲）相反；本题考点是「专家≠科普者」，与受众能力无关。

What does the author suggest scientists do to close the gap between science and society? 仍是问「作者建议做什么」，是对原文末段建议句的事实复述。

Q55 主干 What does the author suggest scientists do，后接不定式 to close the gap between science and society 表目的，suggest 后接省略 that 的从句结构 scientists (should) do，是六级常考的虚拟语气省略，需要识别。

• A)与原文相反

  Explain complex concepts scientifically 把建议对象偷换为「科学地解释复杂概念」——原文要做的恰好相反，是用 effective analogies 把复杂概念变得通俗，而不是「更科学地」讲。

• B)与原文相反

  Make appropriate use of scientific terms 与作者建议背道而驰——原文明确说 identify and eliminate jargon，选项却让科学家「合理使用术语」，方向反置。

• C)以偏概全

  Take courses in public speaking 把原文 communication courses 偷换为 public speaking——「沟通课」覆盖书面/口头/类比/受众分析等多个维度，而 public speaking 只是其中一种，且方向更窄。

• D)✓ 正确
  • take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and eliminate jargon and how to develop effective analogies↔Develop communication skills
  • Science communication is a science in and of itself. It requires rigorous training and instruction.↔Develop communication skills

  Develop communication skills 用最高一级的概括把原文末段全部建议吃下，且与段首主张 Science communication is a science in and of itself 完全同向，是稳妥的正确答案。