whose 是关系词的所有格，后面必须紧跟名词（whose + 名词），表示"其/…的"，先行词可以是人也可以是物。它把"甲的乙"压进从句，是定语从句里信息密度最高的引导词。
英语四级真题里 whose 引导的从句共 16 处实例，覆盖 2 类从句；本页按从句类型分节，精选 16 句真题例句（出自 14 套真题卷，句长 10–73 词）。 每节先给该类型的实例计数与所属从句族入口，再逐句给出例句：高亮从句在原句中的位置，标注它在句中的功能与嵌套层级，附中文翻译、逐句解析与出处试卷； 点句卡末尾的「本句详情」可看结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态标注、考点讲解与真题高频词。
判断要点 见到 whose 先把"whose + 名词"看作一个整体成分，再判断这个整体在从句里作主语还是宾语；翻译时展开成"这个人/这个东西的…"。
本页精选的 16 句真题例句已由懒笔记排版为 A4 打印版 PDF，可免费下载，PDF 内的真题出处链接均可点击。
That number—12.9 percent—may not seem remarkable, but it was: Kids in San Jose whose families fell in the bottom quintile(五分位数) of income nationally had the best shot in the country at reaching the top quintile.
那个数字——12.9%——可能看起来并不显著，但它确实如此：圣何塞那些家庭收入在全国处于最底部五分位数的孩子，在达到最顶部五分位数方面，拥有全国最好的机会。
限制性定语从句,修饰主句主语 "Kids","whose" 在从句中作 "families" 的定语,限定了这群孩子的家庭经济背景特征。
Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.
那些无聊泵已被启动的人效率更高。
限制性定语从句，修饰先行词"Those"，无逗号隔开。关系代词"whose"在从句中作定语，修饰"boredom pumps"，表示所属关系（"whose boredom pumps" = "他们的无聊泵")。从句主干是"boredom pumps had been primed"，用过去完成时的被动语态，删去此从句则主句"Those were more productive"指代不明，故为限制性。
It's Ken Outlaw, a welder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community college was dashed by Hurricane Florence—just one of the extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across the nation.
这是肯·奥特洛，一名北卡罗来纳州农村的焊工，他在当地社区大学重返校园的梦想被佛罗伦萨飓风破灭——这只是众多极端天气事件中的一个，这些事件已经打破了全国范围内苦苦挣扎的美国人的平衡。
关系代词"whose"引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"a welder in rural North Carolina"(指代Ken Outlaw)。"whose"在从句中作定语,修饰"dream",表示所属关系。从句主干为"dream was dashed by Hurricane Florence",被动语态结构完整。从句与先行词紧密相连,无逗号分隔,限定Ken Outlaw的具体遭遇。
It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve" problems—real or imagined.
似乎高等教育已经变成了一个会议举办者的行业，他们的任务是“解决”问题——无论是真实的还是想象的。
whose 引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 meeting-holders。whose 在从句中作定语,修饰 task(whose task = the task of the meeting-holders)。该定语从句使用了"whose task it is to do"结构,其中 it 是形式主语,真正主语是 to solve problems 不定式短语。
Indeed, children whose parents talk about emotions often have a better emotional understanding than children whose parents do not discuss emotions often.
事实上，父母经常谈论情绪的孩子，往往比父母不常讨论情绪的孩子具有更好的情绪理解能力。
该从句紧跟先行词“children”，限定具有特定父母行为特征的儿童。“whose”在从句内部作“parents”的定语，整个从句无逗号且用于限定先行词，因此属于限制性定语从句。
As Professor O'Keefe pointed out, "This research provides a useful direction for organizations whose products and services call for integrated and creative solutions. Take smartphones for example. You need not only computer science and engineering knowledge, but also an understanding of psychology and visual design to create a better product. Employees with a growth mindset may be more likely to devise innovative ideas that bridge multiple areas of knowledge to achieve better solutions."
正如O'Keefe教授所指出的，“这项研究为那些其产品和服务需要综合和创造性解决方案的组织提供了一个有用的方向。以智能手机为例。你不仅需要计算机科学和工程知识，还需要对心理学和视觉设计的理解，以创造更好的产品。具有成长型思维的员工可能更有可能设计出跨越多个知识领域的创新想法，以实现更好的解决方案。”
"Whose" 引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "organizations"。"Whose" 在从句中作定语,修饰 "products and services",从句完整表达为 "(organizations') products and services call for integrated and creative solutions"。
Experts say this can have an impact on young children whose understanding of gender roles and identity are rapidly forming.
专家表示，这会对性别角色和身份认同正在快速形成的幼儿产生影响。
该定语从句修饰先行词"young children"，关系代词"whose"在从句中作定语，修饰"understanding"（whose understanding = the children's understanding）。从句主语是"understanding of gender roles and identity"，谓语"are rapidly forming"，结构完整。无逗号隔开，属限制性定语从句，限定了"young children"的范围——特指那些性别角色和身份认知正在快速形成的儿童。
We then assessed biological stress responses for students whose grades were dropping by examining their stress hormones(荷尔蒙).
我们随后评估了成绩正在下降的学生的生物应激反应，通过检测他们的压力荷尔蒙。
关系代词"whose"引导定语从句修饰先行词"students"，whose在从句内部充当定语修饰grades。从句"grades were dropping"结构完整（主系表），whose所有格关系将从句与先行词紧密连接。无逗号隔开，属限制性定语从句，限定了students的范围为"成绩下降的学生"。
I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high.
我为91名初中一年级数学成绩下降的学生设计了一个八节课的研讨会。
限制性定语从句，由关系代词"whose"引导，修饰先行词"students"。"whose"在从句中作定语，修饰"math grades"。从句主干为"math grades were declining"（数学成绩在下降），时间状语"in their first year of junior high"说明下降发生的时段。无逗号分隔，与先行词紧密相连，起限定作用——特指"数学成绩下降的那91名学生"，而非所有学生。
He knew immediately that this was his best friend Alan, whose friends call him Robi and flew 737 airplanes when he was a pilot.
他立刻知道这是他最好的朋友艾伦，艾伦的朋友们叫他罗比，并且当他是飞行员时驾驶737飞机。
whose 引导的非限制性定语从句,用逗号与先行词 Alan 隔开,修饰并补充说明 Alan。whose 在从句中作定语,修饰 friends。从句主语为 "whose friends",后接并列谓语 "call him Robi and flew 737 airplanes",第二个谓语带有时间状语从句 "when he was a pilot"。从句中 "whose friends" 既是 call 的主语,也是 flew 的主语,构成主语共享的并列谓语结构。
"To me, neon represents memories of the past," says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city's famous signs.
“对我来说，霓虹灯代表着过去的记忆，”摄影师莎伦·布兰斯说道，她的系列作品《香港霓虹灯》颂扬着这座城市著名的招牌。
非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "Sharon Blance",用逗号隔开。whose 在从句中作定语修饰 "series",表所属关系。从句主语是 "whose series Hong Kong Neon"(专有名词 Hong Kong Neon 作 series 的同位语),谓语 "celebrates",宾语 "the city's famous signs"。
The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge.
大脑就像一个看似无穷无尽的图书馆，其书架上存放着我们最珍贵的记忆以及我们一生的知识。
"whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge" 由关系词 "whose" 引导，前有逗号，补充说明先行词 "library" 的 "shelves" 存放了记忆和知识。"whose" 在从句中作定语，修饰 "shelves"；该从句为补充说明，删去后主句 "The brain is a seemingly endless library" 仍完整。
Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.
批评者甚至抱怨，麦当劳的标志象征着热量过剩，本不应该被允许赞助世界杯。
"whose" 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "McDonald's",用逗号与主句分隔。"whose" 在从句中作定语,修饰 "logo",表示所属关系(麦当劳的标志)。从句主干是 "logo symbolises calorie excess"(标志象征着卡路里过量),补充说明麦当劳的品牌特征。
Chocolate trees, whose seeds are used to make chocolate, grow in the tropical plant world and require very specific weather conditions to prosper.
巧克力树，其种子被用来制作巧克力，生长在热带植物界，并需要非常特定的天气条件才能茁壮成长。
关系代词 "whose" 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "Chocolate trees",用逗号与主句隔开。"whose" 在从句中作定语,修饰 "seeds"(种子),从句主语为 "whose seeds",谓语为被动结构 "are used"(被使用),不定式 "to make chocolate" 作目的状语。
His two collaborators and co-authors are Jeff Dyer, a professor at Brigham Young University, and Clayton Christensen, a professor at the Harvard Business School, whose 1997 book "The Innovator's Dilemma" popularized the concept of disruptive(颠覆性的) innovation.
他的两位合作者兼合著者是杨百翰大学教授Jeff Dyer和哈佛商学院教授Clayton Christensen，后者1997年的著作《创新者的困境》普及了颠覆性创新的概念。
关系代词 whose 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 Clayton Christensen。whose 在从句中作定语,修饰 book,表示所属关系(= Clayton Christensen's book)。从句主干为 "book popularized the concept",完整且独立,用逗号与主句隔开,属于补充说明性质,删去后主句仍完整。
"If someone is making up some conversation that might be interesting, it's probably not going to land well," says Pirson, whose expertise includes trust and well-being, mindfulness, and humanistic management.
“如果有人正在编造一些可能有趣的对话，那很可能不会效果好，”皮尔逊说，他的专业领域包括信任与福祉、正念以及人文管理。
非限制性定语从句，由 "whose" 引导，修饰先行词 "Pirson"，用逗号与主句隔开。"whose" 在从句中作定语，修饰 "expertise"，表示所属关系。从句补充说明 Pirson 的专业领域。
英语四级真题中 whose 引导的从句共标注出 16 处实例，覆盖 2 类从句：whose 引导的限制性定语从句 9 处、whose 引导的非限制性定语从句 7 处。本页从中精选 16 句真题例句，出自 14 套真题卷，句长 10–73 词（平均 27 词），CEFR 等级构成为 C1 14 句、B2 2 句。每句以高亮标出从句在原句中的位置，标注它在句中的功能与嵌套层级，附中文翻译、逐句解析、出处试卷与卷面位置，并可进入单句详情页查看结构树逐层拆解。
关于 whose 引导的从句在英语四级真题中的类型分布与判断方法，最常被问到的问题。
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