2023年12月·第1套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析

What may be the reason that friends are similar to each other according to the recent research?

因果信号 because。录音开头先抛问句“有没有发现你和朋友很像“，紧接 It may be because your brains operate in harmony with each other —— because 就是把答案点亮的因果信号词，because 后面那句正是“相似的原因“，直接命中题干所问。

• your brains operate in harmony with each other↔Their brains work in harmony.operate 换说成 work

• B)原词陷阱录音确实念到 friends are more likely to be the same age，They are generally the same age. 正盗用了这个 same age。但这句前面有 We know that，是“早已知道的旧结论“，并非题干所问的“近期研究发现的相似原因“——原因落在大脑那句，不在同龄这句。

  借用原文：friends are more likely to be the same age, gender and ethnic background

• C)未提及Their interests are quite similar. 听起来很合常识，但录音通篇没提“兴趣（interests）“相似，只说了年龄、性别、族裔背景与大脑。它靠的是考生“朋友兴趣相投“的生活常识，而非录音内容，属未提及。
• D)原词陷阱They have the same ethnic background. 盗用了录音的 ethnic background。和 B 一样，这句出自 We know that friends are more likely to be the same age, gender and ethnic background，是“已知的旧情况“，不是近期研究新发现的相似原因，答非所问。

  借用原文：the same age, gender and ethnic background

What does the news report say about the relationship between friends?

定性句 goes two ways。录音第二段结尾用 The relationship probably goes two ways 直接给“关系“下定性，后面 We are drawn to people…; we then influence their thoughts 一来一回正是对“双向“的解释。这句“主语就是题干 relationship + 紧跟一个性质判断“的结构，就是答案句信号。

• The relationship probably goes two ways↔It can work both ways.two ways 换成 both ways
• We are drawn to people who think like us; we then influence their thoughts↔It can work both ways.一来一回印证双向

• A)原词陷阱It can be touching. 盗用了录音的 touching，可那个 touching 出现在 Some people might find a romantic scene touching——是在举例说明“不同人对同一画面反应不同“，说的是“浪漫场景“感人，根本不是在评价“朋友关系“。张冠李戴，答非所问。

  借用原文：Some people might find a romantic scene touching, for instance

• B)与原文相反It is hard to predict. 借了录音的 predict。但录音说的是 it could be used to predict whether two people were already friends or not——意思是“大脑相似度高到能用来预测两人是不是朋友“，是说“能预测“，根本没说“关系难预测“。选项把“能预测“反着说成了“难预测“，与原文相反。

  借用原文：it could be used to predict whether two people were already friends or not

• D)未提及It resembles family ties. 听着像那么回事，但录音全程没把朋友关系比作“家庭纽带（family ties）“，只说了关系“双向“。它纯靠考生自行联想，录音无任何对应，属未提及。

What did both Alan Robinson and Walter MacDonald attempt to do on DNA matching websites?

题干原词attempt复现+目的句。题干问 attempt to do，录音里恰好出现 made separate attempts on DNA matching websites，attempt 和 DNA matching websites 原词对上，紧跟其后的 to discover more about their ancestry 用 to do 带出目的——这个‘题干关键词复现 + to do 目的句’就是答案信号。

• to discover more about their ancestry↔Find out more about their ancestry.discover换成find out，ancestry原样

• A)原词陷阱A 说去 Search for their half-brothers.(寻找同父异母的兄弟)。录音确实出现 they are actually brothers‘他们其实是兄弟’，A 盗用了 brothers 这个词，但录音里这是新闻最后揭晓的真相，不是他俩上网时‘想去找的目标’——而且他们是同母兄弟、不是 half-brothers，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：they are actually brothers

• B)原词陷阱B 说去 Identify their biological fathers.(确认亲生父亲)。录音有 Walter never knew his father，B 盗用了 father 一词，但这只是介绍背景，两人上网的目的写得很清楚是 discover more about their ancestry(查家世)，不是专门去认父亲。

  借用原文：Walter never knew his father

• D)原词陷阱D 说去 See whether they are actually related.(看看俩人是否真有亲属关系)。录音里 they are actually brothers 用了 actually 一词，D 盗用了 actually 并改写成 related，可他们上网时压根不知道彼此有血缘、不是‘去验证是否有关系’，验出是兄弟是意外结果，不是上网动机。

  借用原文：they are actually brothers

What did the news report say about Alan Robinson and Walter MacDonald?

结尾收束句给出血缘真相。新闻把最关键的血缘结论放在末句 The pair were born to the same mother 15 months apart——新闻报道常把核心事实或结局压在结尾，这个‘篇末收束’位置就是答案信号，born to the same mother 与选项 B 直接对应。

• born to the same mother↔They were born to the same mother.原句几乎照搬主语换成They

• A)与原文相反A 说两人 They were both given up for adoption.(都被送养)。录音里确有 Alan was given away for adoption，A 盗用了 adoption，但录音只说 Alan 一个人被送养，A 却说成 both(两个人都)，把范围从一人扩大到两人，与原文不符。

  借用原文：Alan was given away for adoption

• C)张冠李戴C 说两人 They flew 737 airplanes as pilots.(都当飞行员开737)。录音念到了 flew 737 airplanes when he was a pilot，C 盗用了 737 和 pilot 这两个醒目词，但 he 指的只是 Alan 一人，C 说成 They(两人都飞)，把一人之事安到两人头上。

  借用原文：flew 737 airplanes when he was a pilot

• D)偷换概念D 说两人 They were both 60 years of age.(都60岁)。录音开头有 best friends for 60 years，D 盗用了数字 60，但这60是‘做了60年好朋友’，是友谊的年数，不是两人的年龄；偷换了60所修饰的对象。

  借用原文：best friends for 60 years

Why did one of the male tourists feel sad?

feel sad 与题干同词直接命中。答案句直接出现题干里的 He felt so sad，紧跟其后的 to see such a gorgeous place littered with so much trash 就是难过的原因；听到与题干情绪词同样的‘sad’，那一句就是答案句。

• such a gorgeous place littered with so much trash↔The beautiful beach was spoiled with lots of trash同义改写：美景被垃圾糟蹋

• A)原词陷阱A 项借用录音里的 his friends 一词，但原文只说他和朋友一起去捡垃圾，从没说‘朋友被抓乱扔垃圾’，是把出现过的原词拼成一个录音根本没说的情节。

  借用原文：he and his friends decided to grab a few trash bags

• B)未提及录音说的是‘nobody was doing anything’（没人去管这些垃圾），并非‘其他游客拒绝加入清理’；‘refused to join in’这一情节录音从未出现，属凭空捏造。
• D)与原文相反D 项盗用录音里的 kilometer-long beach，却说海滩‘practically deserted（几乎空无一人）’；而录音强调的是海滩满是垃圾、不够美，与‘空无一人’语义不符，方向反了。

  借用原文：Yesterday two male and three female tourists were spotted walking the kilometer-long beach

Who put the good deed video on the internet?

动作 put it on the internet 与题干同动作。答案句出现与题干同样的动作 put it on the internet，前面的主语 A man passing by 就是施动者；听到题干里的关键动作时，紧抓它的主语即可锁定答案。

• A man passing by↔A passerby短语压缩成单词

• B)张冠李戴B 项盗用录音里的 One local woman，但这位本地女子做的是‘评论说自己很尴尬’，并非上传视频；把别人做的事安到她头上，属人物错位。

  借用原文：One local woman commented on being embarrassed that tourists were cleaning up their beach

• C)未提及录音通篇没出现‘beach authorities（海滩管理方）’这个角色，上传视频的也不是任何官方机构，属凭空捏造的身份。
• D)张冠李戴D 项盗用录音里的‘游客’，游客确实是事件主角、在捡垃圾，但发视频到网上的是路过男子而非游客中的某人；把上传动作错记到游客身上。

  借用原文：they were most likely traveling together

Why did one local woman say she was embarrassed?

embarrassed that 直接引出原因。答案句出现题干同词 embarrassed，紧跟的 that tourists were cleaning up their beach 由 that 直接引出尴尬的原因；听到 embarrassed 后那句 that 从句就是答案句。

• that tourists were cleaning up their beach↔It was tourists not natives who were cleaning up the beach补出隐含对照：游客而非本地人

• A)与原文相反A 项说‘游客善举没被本地人注意到’，但录音里本地女子明明注意到了才会尴尬，路人还拍了视频，恰恰说明被注意到了；‘not noticed’与录音事实相反。

  借用原文：One local woman commented on being embarrassed

• B)偷换概念B 项盗用录音里的 food and drinks，但原文是说本地人‘带来食物饮料后留下垃圾’，绝非‘卖劣质食物给游客’；把‘带来食物乱丢垃圾’偷换成‘卖劣质食物’。

  借用原文：it was actually the natives who brought food and drinks then left trash all along the island

• C)未提及录音通篇没提‘游客数量在持续下降’这一信息，本题谈的是清理海滩与尴尬，与游客增减无关，属凭空捏造的全新话题。

Why can't the man go for a run Saturday morning?

转折 but 后才是真理由。男士先说 I'd love to（很想去）是客套，紧跟的 but 才转出真正原因——I hurt my ankle，所以答案句落在 but 之后。

• I hurt my ankle↔He is physically unfit for it.具体伤情概括成"身体不适合"

• A)原词陷阱选项 He has to play football with workmates. 把原文里的 playing football with work colleagues 原词搬来，但原文是说"踢球时受了伤"、不是"周六要去踢球"，听到 football 就选会落进陷阱。

  借用原文：playing football with work colleagues

• B)张冠李戴选项 He has got some books to read. 说的是他后面提到的读书 I've been catching up on some reading，那是第11题的内容，与"为何不能去跑步"无关，属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：I've been catching up on some reading

• C)未提及选项 He is going to visit a friend. 在对话里根本没出现，男士不能去跑步的理由是脚伤，不是去看朋友，纯属编造。

Why is the woman's whole family going to the zoo next Saturday?

因果 so 引出去的原因。so the whole family is going 里的 so 把前因"小侄子过六岁生日、又喜欢动物园"和后果"全家去"连起来，so 之前就是"为什么去"的答案。

• My little nephew turns six, and he loves the zoo↔To give her little nephew a treat.为侄子庆生=给侄子一份开心

• A)原词陷阱选项 To teach kids about animal protection. 借了女士后面说的 they are fun and educational for children 里的 educational，但原文只说动物园对孩子有趣又有教育意义，从没说全家去是为了"教孩子动物保护"，是把原词拔高到原文没说的目的。

  借用原文：they are fun and educational for children

• B)原词陷阱选项 To learn how popular zoos could be. 套用了 They are nowhere near as popular as they used to be 里的 popular，但那只是女士顺口评论动物园不如从前受欢迎，绝不是全家去的目的。

  借用原文：They are nowhere near as popular as they used to be

• C)原词陷阱选项 To see some rare animals in cages. 借了 the poor animals stuck in cages 里的 cages，但原文是女士同情笼中动物，没说去看"珍稀"动物，rare 更是凭空添加。

  借用原文：the poor animals stuck in cages

What do we learn about Dan from the man's description?

直接给出对 Dan 的总评。男士 Dan is extremely fit and healthy 是对 Dan 的直接定性评价，后面 gym、tennis 都是佐证，这句总评就是答案句。

• Dan is extremely fit and healthy↔He enjoys excellent health.extremely fit and healthy = excellent health

• B)未提及选项 He is keen on extreme sports. 把 Dan 的运动夸大为"极限运动"，原文只说他常去健身房、打网球，从没提 extreme sports，属无中生有。
• C)偷换概念选项 He coaches tennis players every week. 搬来原文的 tennis 和 a week，但原文是 Dan 自己"打"网球 plus tennis two or three times a week，不是"教"网球选手，把"打"偷换成"教"。

  借用原文：plus tennis two or three times a week

• D)原词陷阱选项 He spends most of his time in the gym. 借了 He goes to the gym most days 里的 gym 和 most，但原文是"多数日子去健身房"，选项偷偷改成"把大部分时间花在健身房"，频率被夸大成时长。

  借用原文：He goes to the gym most days

What has the man been doing since last weekend?

I've been doing 直接应答。女士问他脚伤期间在干嘛，男士直接以 I've been catching up on some reading 应答，被问者的这句应答就是答案句，与题干时态对应。

• I've been catching up on some reading↔Concentrating on reading.catching up on reading = concentrating on reading

• A)原词陷阱选项 Tending to his swollen ankle. 借了女士问句里的 that swollen ankle，但脚踝肿只是他读书的背景，他并没说"一直在护理脚踝"，把背景说成正在做的活动。

  借用原文：that swollen ankle

• C)原词陷阱选项 Writing three book reports. 搬来原文的 I was given three books 里的 three 和 books，但原文是别人送他三本书"读"，不是他"写三份读书报告"，把"读书"偷换成"写报告"。

  借用原文：I was given three books over Christmas

• D)原词陷阱选项 Planning Christmas celebrations. 借了 over Christmas 里的 Christmas，但原文 Christmas 只是"圣诞期间收到书"的时间状语，他并没在"筹备圣诞庆祝"，纯属对原词的曲解。

  借用原文：over Christmas

What do we learn about the man's book published recently?

主持人开场对书的正面定性句。主持人介绍书时直接给出定性：your book is getting a lot of attention。这种"主持人开场对作品的概括"就是介绍类细节题的答案信号——它把书的核心特点一句点明。

• getting a lot of attention↔attracting many people's attention"获得关注"换说成"吸引关注"

• C)偷换概念录音里作者说 I interviewed hundreds of people who retired by 40，是"采访了几百人"，并没说书"记录他自己的经历"；C 把"研究别人"偷换成"写他自己"，答非所问。

  借用原文：I interviewed hundreds of people who retired by 40

• D)与原文相反录音说书主张 most people can retire by 40，是"提前到 40 岁退休"，而 D 说书主张"推迟退休"(postponing retirement)，正好反了。这是把"提前"听成"推迟"的反向陷阱。

  借用原文：most people can retire by 40

• A)原词陷阱录音里 hundreds 来自 I interviewed hundreds of people，指作者"采访了几百人"，A 却说书"正被几百名退休者讨论"(debated by hundreds of retirees)，把"被采访的人"偷换成"在讨论书的人"，是听到 hundreds 就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：I interviewed hundreds of people who retired by 40

What do the articles the woman read recommend?

女士转述文章的 recommend 句。女士说 I've read articles recommending one million dollars，动词 recommend 与题干 recommend 完全对应，这句"女士转述文章推荐什么"就是答案信号——题目问的正是这个来源。

• one million dollars as a good figure for retirement↔have one million dollars to retire"一百万作合适数额"="应有一百万才退休"

• B)张冠李戴financial planners 确实在录音出现 most financial planners do give numbers，但那是嘉宾说"规划师爱给数字、我觉得没用"，文章并没"推荐相信规划师"。B 把原词搬来、又把内容安错了人(文章 vs 规划师)。

  借用原文：most financial planners do give numbers, I don't think that's useful

• D)答非所问"尽早储蓄"听着像理财常识，但录音里文章推荐的是"一百万这个数额"，并没说"尽早储蓄"；至于储蓄、投资是嘉宾在后面(P14)讲的做法，不是"女士读的文章"推荐的。D 答非所问。

  借用原文：investing half your monthly income

• A)未提及选项 A 的 financial crisis 借了话题里"financial"的语感，但文章推荐的是具体金额，从没让人"预见金融危机"；录音通篇也没出现"危机"的意思。A 是听到 financial 就联想出来的干扰。

What does the man say about retirement?

男士对退休下的直接定性句。男士直接断言 Retirement doesn't have to be permanent，这是他对"退休"本身的一句正面定义，又用 they can go back to work 加以说明，是"他怎么说退休"的直接答案信号。

• Retirement doesn't have to be permanent↔It doesn't need to be permanentdoesn't have to=doesn't need to
• they can go back to work↔doesn't need to be permanent"能回去工作"佐证"不必永久"

• B)与原文相反risky 来自女士 That sounds risky to me 和男士 I counsel people to take risks——男士是"劝人去冒险"，承认有风险；B 却说退休"不该被视为有风险"，意思反了，是听到 risk 就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：I counsel people to take risks

• D)原词陷阱a job they hate 确实出现在 spend their lives working on jobs they hate，但那是男士解释"很多人因恐惧而困在烂工作里"的背景，不是给退休下定义；D 把这句背景说成"退休就是辞掉烂工作的途径"，答非所问。

  借用原文：spend their lives working on jobs they hate

• C)未提及C 说退休"有助减少差旅开支"(reduce travel expenses)，录音里 transport 出现在 cutting housing, food, and transport expenses，那是"怎样攒钱"的省钱办法，与"退休本身是什么"无关，更没说退休能省路费。C 属嫁接他处原词的无中生有。

  借用原文：cutting housing, food, and transport expenses

How does the man say his proposal about retirement can be carried out?

男士回答"怎么做到"的 by 操作句。面对女士"怎么可能 40 岁退休"的追问，男士直接答 by cutting housing, food, and transport expenses, and investing half your monthly income，这句"by + 一串具体动作"就是 How 类题的答案信号。

• investing half your monthly income↔investing half of one's monthly income几乎原句对应的"投月收入一半"

• A)原词陷阱employers 出现在 you will be attracted to employers，那是男士讲"保持技能就能被雇主青睐、好重返职场"，回应的是"能否回去工作"，不是"怎么攒钱提前退休"；A 把它说成"靠和雇主保持密切联系来实现退休"，答非所问。

  借用原文：if you keep current with your skills, you will be attracted to employers

• B)与原文相反sixty 来自女士的反问 most people can't retire at 60，意在质疑"连 60 都退不了，怎么 40 退"；B 却说"靠 60 岁退休来实现"，方向反了——男士主张的是 40 岁提前退，不是等到 60。

  借用原文：how can anyone save enough to retire by 40 when most people can't retire at 60

• D)与原文相反financial planners 和 counsel 都在录音里——但男士对规划师是 I don't think that's useful，并不让人"听规划师的"；counsel 是他"劝人冒险"(I counsel people to take risks)，不是"听规划师劝告"。D 把原词拼到一起，方向与男士立场相反。

  借用原文：While most financial planners do give numbers, I don't think that's useful

What was the finding of the new research from America about consumers' food choices?

结论标志词 found。录音 This research found 直接亮出研究结论，found 后面跟的就是研究发现，这是篇章交代核心结论的标志，听到 found/showed 这类词就知道答案句来了。

• in the presence of an observer of a different race↔influenced by the presence of someone from an outsider group下位换上位
• were more likely to choose healthy food↔were influenced详述换概括

• A)原词陷阱A 用了录音后文 participants anticipated more negative judgment 里的 anticipated 一词，但把它扭成易被同族人预料，与研究发现毫无关系，是听到原词就想选的陷阱。

  借用原文：participants anticipated more negative judgment

• B)偷换概念B 说食物选择被对立群体的个人任意评判，借了录音 they felt less judged by members of their own group 的 judge 概念，但研究发现的是选择被在场者影响，不是选择本身被评判，偷换了概念。

  借用原文：they felt less judged by members of their own group

• C)与原文相反C 说食物选择在同族群体内易被共享，但录音 they felt less judged by members of their own group 讲的是同族在场时人感觉评判更少、影响更小，根本没说共享选择，且方向与研究重点（外群体才带来改变）相反。

  借用原文：they felt less judged by members of their own group

When did 31 percent of students in the experiment select the healthier option?

数字与 when 条件绑定。录音 this number was 31 percent when in the presence of an unknown student from another university 把 31 percent 与 when 引导的在场条件直接绑在一起，听到目标数字就顺势抓它后面的 when 从句，即答案条件。

• an unknown student from another university↔an unknown student from another university条件原句对应
• in the presence of↔was present名词短语换动词

• A)未提及A 说学生想给研究者留好印象，录音只说他们 use healthy food choices to make a positive impression，但针对的是外群体在场者，不是 researchers，录音从未提对研究者留好印象这个条件，属无中生有。
• C)原词陷阱C 借了录音多次出现的 research/experimenter 概念，编出研究团队的实验员注意到时，但 31 percent 绑定的是外校学生在场，与实验员留意无关，是听到 research 就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：Other experiments showed similar results

• D)张冠李戴D 说同时提供糖果和水果作零食时，candy 和 fruit 确是录音 participants were offered the choice between candy and fruit as a snack 的原词，但这是整个实验的设置，对应 12% 与 31% 两种情境，不专属 31%，把背景条件错安成 31% 的专属触发，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：participants were offered the choice between candy and fruit as a snack

How could a healthy diet be promoted according to the findings of the new research?

建议句 one way to…could be to。录音 one way to promote a healthy diet could be to advertise the social benefits 用 one way to…could be to 这一建议句式给出对策，这是篇章结尾提对策的信号，听到就锁定后面的方法。

• advertise the social benefits of healthy choices↔advertising its social benefits动词变动名词

• B)未提及B 说教消费者饮食策略，录音虽提到 many attempts to help consumers make healthier choices，但从未说具体方法是教饮食策略，这个手段是凭空添加的，属未提及。
• C)原词陷阱C 说支持苦苦挣扎的消费者，借了录音 consumers often struggle to maintain a healthy diet 的 struggle 一词，但那只是描述现状，不是研究给出的对策，是听到原词就想选的陷阱。

  借用原文：consumers often struggle to maintain a healthy diet

• D)张冠李戴D 说维持其正面形象，借了录音 make a positive impression 里的 positive 概念，但那讲的是个人用健康选择给自己留好印象，不是推动健康饮食的对策，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：they strategically use healthy food choices to make a positive impression

What does the recent study led by Patricia Pendry aim to examine?

总结句 This study shows。This study shows that 是篇章里的"结论/点题"信号——一旦听到"这项研究表明……"，后面紧跟的就是研究的核心发现/目的，这正是主旨题的答案落点。

• programs that focus on providing opportunities to interact with therapy dogs↔The effect of interacting with therapy dogs on students under pressure动作短语→名词化概括
• For college students under pressure↔students under pressure几乎原词对应的对象

• A)原词陷阱选项盗用了录音里的 academic and learning issues 原词，但那只是描述"哪类学生处于风险"的背景信息，不是研究要考察的内容。听到原词就选会中招。

  借用原文：academic and learning issues

• B)原词陷阱选项搬用了录音的 a history of mental health issues，但那同样是在说明"哪些学生有风险"的铺垫，不是研究目的。把背景当主旨就错了。

  借用原文：a history of mental health issues

• D)原词陷阱选项几乎照搬录音 Universities are doing a lot of great work trying to help students succeed academically，但那是 Pendry 在铺垫"大学在做很多帮扶工作"的大背景，不是"这项研究"本身要考察的内容；研究聚焦的是治疗犬，不是泛泛的大学帮扶工作。

  借用原文：Universities are doing a lot of great work trying to help students succeed academically

What did the new study measure in the participants?

原词 measured 直接领出宾语。录音用 The researchers measured executive functioning，measured 这个动词与题干 measure 完全对应，紧跟其后的宾语就是答案，是最直接的细节定位信号。

• measured executive functioning↔Their executive functioning原词直接对应

• A)未提及communicative skills（沟通能力）录音从头到尾没提，是凭"听起来像学生该有的能力"硬编的干扰项，没有原文支撑。
• C)原词陷阱academic networking 把录音里多次出现的 academic（学业的）这个原词抓来拼了个新词，但录音讲的是 academic stress/success，从没说测"学业人脉"，是借原词 academic 制造的假象。

  借用原文：academic stress management programs

• D)未提及leadership capacities（领导力）录音里完全没出现，是又一个"听上去像能力词"的硬凑干扰，无原文依据。

What does Patricia Pendry think traditional stress management programs may do?

转折 But 后才是真实态度。But they're less helpful for struggling students 里的 But 是关键信号——前半句先肯定"传统项目对普通学生有帮助"，But 一转才说出 Pendry 真正的判断：对困难学生反而"更有压力"。态度题的答案几乎都在转折后。

• feel even more stressed↔Add to some students\' stress感受描述→施动概括
• for struggling students↔some students下位→上位概括

• A)原词陷阱选项里的 anxiety 盗用了录音 manage stress or anxiety 的原词，且 Rid\.\.\.of（彻底消除）把"帮助管理焦虑"夸大成"消除焦虑"，原文从没说传统项目能"根除"焦虑，程度被拔高了。

  借用原文：manage stress or anxiety

• C)与原文相反录音明说传统项目 help typical students succeed——对普通学生是有帮助的；选项却说"对普通学生的成功几乎没贡献"，把"有帮助"反成了"没帮助"，正话反说，且对象（typical students）正是录音说有用的那群人。

  借用原文：these workshops help typical students succeed

• D)与原文相反录音说传统项目对"有困难的学生" less helpful for struggling students——是帮不上忙；选项却说能"帮有心理问题的学生渡过难关"，把"帮不上"说成"帮得上"，方向反了，对象也被偷换成"有心理问题的学生"。

  借用原文：But they're less helpful for struggling students

What do entrepreneurs have to do when taking risks according to the passage?

转折 On the contrary 后是真意。录音先说冒险“不是盲目去做、坐等大成果”，紧接着用 On the contrary 转折，转折之后那句 involves careful planning and hard work 才是正面答案；听到 On the contrary 就该锁定后半句。

• careful planning and hard work↔Work hard and plan carefully名词短语换成动词短语

• C)原词陷阱Aim high and expect great results 几乎照搬了录音被否定那半句的 expecting great results，但录音是说“冒险”不等于“盲目坐等大成果”，这是被批评的做法，不是创业者“该做”的；听到 expect great results 就选，正好踩进陷阱。

  借用原文：expecting great results

• B)未提及Attempt to succeed at any cost“不惜一切代价求成功”，录音通篇没说要“不计代价”，反而强调冒险要靠规划和努力、还提醒“并非所有风险都是好风险”，这种太满的说法是命题人添加的。
• D)答非所问Remain optimistic even in difficulty 式的“乐观”确实在录音里出现过，an optimistic risk-taker 也提到 optimistic，adapting in difficult times 也讲困境中应变，但那是讲“失败时的心态”，不是回答“冒险时必须做什么”这道题，把别处的内容搬来作答即错位。

  借用原文：an optimistic risk-taker

What does the passage say is key to business growth?

原文 key 与题干同词对应。录音 is key to business growth 和题干 key to business growth 用词几乎一模一样，这句话主语 The willingness to experiment with new ideas 就是答案；标志词 key 一响，定位即成。

• The willingness to experiment with new ideas↔Being willing to experiment with novel ideas近义改写 new=novel

• B)未提及Trying out innovative marketing strategies 听起来很像“创新”，录音确有“new ideas”的意思，但根本没提“marketing strategies（营销策略）”；它用“创新”诱你，却塞了原文没有的“营销”。
• C)过度推断Venturing into sectors never explored before“进入从未有人涉足的领域”比录音的“尝试新点子”程度重得多，录音只说 experiment with new ideas，并没说要闯入“全新行业”，这是把原意拔高了。

  借用原文：experiment with new ideas

• A)原词陷阱Regarding failure as something inevitable 里 failure 是录音高频词，look at failure as an opportunity to learn 也讲了对失败的看法，但录音说的是“把失败当学习机会”，不是“把失败当不可避免”，更不是回答“增长关键”；它用熟悉的 failure 制造错觉。

  借用原文：look at failure as an opportunity to learn

What are we advised to do when we fail?

条件句 when you fail 直接应题。题干问 when we fail，录音正好有 when you fail, learn from it and move forward 这句条件句，措辞与题干对应；听到 when you fail 后面紧跟的 learn from it and move forward 就是答案。

• learn from it and move forward↔Learn from our failure and forge ahead代词还原＋近义短语

• A)原词陷阱Expect future success so as to move forward 借用了录音的 move forward，但把前提偷换成“指望未来成功”——录音让你“前进”的前提是“从失败中学”，不是“指望成功”；听到 move forward 就选，正中陷阱。

  借用原文：move forward

• C)答非所问Distinguish between good and bad risks 用了录音 not all risks are good ones 的意思，录音确实提醒“并非所有风险都好”，但那是另一层提醒，不是“失败时”被建议做的事，答非所问。

  借用原文：not all risks are good ones

• D)未提及Examine our strategies and find out weaknesses“检查策略、找出弱点”录音没有对应说法，录音只讲“失败教你如何战略性思考”think and plan strategically，并没有让你去“查弱点”，是凭 strategically 一词联想出来的。

  借用原文：think and plan strategically

What does it mean to risk-taking businesses when most people tend to avoid risk?

Simply put 总结句给结论。录音用 Simply put（简而言之）领出一句总结，it means less competition for risk-takers 直接给出结论，与题干“what does it mean”正好对接；听到 Simply put 这类收束词就知道结论要来了。

• less competition for risk-takers↔Less competition几乎原词截取

• A)原词陷阱Fresher offers 借了录音 fresh offers 这个原词，但那句讲的是冒险者“用新点子、新供给、大胆发明在立标准”，是描述冒险者的做法，不是回答“别人避险意味着什么”，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：fresh offers

• C)与原文相反More challenges“更多挑战”与录音结论方向相反：录音说别人避险对冒险者是“更少竞争”这种好事，而 challenge 是偏负面的负担，录音的 adapting in difficult times 谈的是冒险者善应变，并没说“更多挑战”。

  借用原文：adapting in difficult times

• B)未提及Safer operation 像是从录音 stay safe 联想来的，但 as long as you want to stay safe 是说“你若一味求稳就永远不会知道结果”，是对“守成者”的提醒，并不是说冒险企业能“更安全地运营”，原文没有这层意思。

  借用原文：stay safe