2022年9月·第1套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What does the author say is the issue all major economic powers have to address? 直接问"是什么 issue"，是对作者陈述的具体内容的提取。

主干是 What does the author say is the issue，all major economic powers have to address 是省略 that 的定语从句修饰 the issue；have to address 是"必须解决"，不是"可以解决"，程度词不能弱化。

• A)与原文相反

  ensure the sustainable growth 是"确保巨头持续增长"，与原文"政府必须正面对抗、甚至拆分"完全相反。

• B)偷换概念

  competitiveness of their tech companies 是"维护本国科技公司的竞争力"，原文谈的是"限制巨头权力"，竞争力≠垄断权力，主语对象与目标都被偷换。

• C)以偏概全

  break up the powerful giant tech companies 仅是原文列举对抗手段中的一项 perhaps even breaking up the tech giants，且原文用 perhaps even (甚至) 表示这只是极端可选项，不是"必须解决的 issue"本身。

• D)✓ 正确
  • Technology companies are too big, too powerful, and too profitable↔tech companies from gaining monopoly
  • confront it head-on by taking the companies to court, passing new competition laws, and perhaps even breaking up the tech giants↔How to stop tech companies

  预判"必须阻止科技公司权力进一步膨胀/取得垄断地位"与 How to stop tech companies from gaining monopoly 在主谓宾三层 (政府-stop-巨头取得垄断) 上一一对应。

What does the suspension of Ant Group Co.'s stock offering suggest? 含 suggest，问"该事件暗示什么"，是要求基于事实做一步逻辑延伸。

主干 What does the suspension suggest；of Ant Group Co.'s stock offering 是介词短语修饰 suspension。注意 stock offering 是"股票发行"，整个主语是"蚂蚁集团股票发行被暂停"这一事件本身。

• A)过度推断

  All attempts to evade regulation are doomed to failure 把原文"不能逃避"延伸为"所有逃避企图必然失败"，多走了"企图必败"这一步，且原文没说"企图"这一主体。

• B)偷换概念

  All attempts to monopolize sales must be cracked down 把对象从"逃避监管"偷换为"垄断销售"；原文从未谈"销售垄断"，且 Ant Group 的 IPO 暂停与 monopolize sales 也无直接因果。

• C)✓ 正确
  • no company can evade the government's regulation↔All companies must be regulated by the government
  • the government's regulation↔regulated by the government

  从预判"任何公司都逃不过监管"出发，只有 All companies must be regulated by the government 完整且对等地承接"no…evade → all…must be regulated"这一逻辑变换。

• D)无中生有

  All companies, domestic or foreign, are created equal 谈"公司是否生而平等"，是宪法/法律观念，原文从未涉及；且 domestic or foreign (内外资) 这一区分原文也没有。

How are smaller companies impacted by tech giants' business expansion? 直接问"小公司怎样被影响"，要的是原文给出的具体影响，不需要做推断。

主干 How are smaller companies impacted，by 引导施动者 tech giants' business expansion；被动语态的施动者就是影响来源，找原文时要找"巨头扩张→小公司怎么了"的因果链。

• A)✓ 正确
  • force smaller businesses to rely on their platforms to reach customers↔They can no longer do business independent of tech giants
  • to reach customers↔do business

  预判"小企业被迫依附巨头平台"与 They can no longer do business independent of tech giants 是同一命题的肯定式与否定式表达，二者一一对应。

• B)与原文相反

  They are frequently denied access to tech giants' platforms 说小企业"经常被拒绝接入巨头平台"，与原文"被迫依赖平台"恰好相反——原文的痛点是"必须用"，不是"不让用"。

• C)无中生有

  change marketing strategies to keep customers 谈"改变营销策略以留住客户"，原文未谈营销策略，也未谈"留住老客户"；原文谈的是"通过谁去触达客户"，主体动作完全不同。

• D)偷换概念

  no longer have the power to price their own products 把"被迫依附"偷换成"无定价权"。原文第四段确实提了 the old focus on pricing power no longer applies，但那是说"反垄断不再以定价权为衡量"，并非"小企业失去定价权"，主体与对象都被偷换。

What have EU countries done 直接问"做了什么"，是对原文动作的提取，无推断信号。

主干 What have EU countries done，不定式 to confront the power of digital giants 表目的——回答须是"为了对抗巨头"所采取的动作，不是其他动机的动作。

• A)以偏概全

  imposed strict regulation over digital giants' advertising 把监管对象限缩为"广告"。原文 advertising revenue 只是"巨头吸收个人数据并由此攫取广告收入"问题的一部分，并非欧盟监管的对象本身；选项把局部问题升格为全部监管对象。

• B)✓ 正确
  • police the market↔considered regulatory action
  • encourage fair play↔promote fair competition

  选项 considered regulatory action to promote fair competition 把"police the market + encourage fair play"打包成"regulatory action + promote fair competition"，与预判完全对应。

• C)无中生有

  limited sales of digital giants' products 谈"限制巨头产品销售"，原文未提及任何关于销售/产品限制的措施。

• D)以偏概全

  sought to protect consumers' privacy 是"保护消费者隐私"，原文 vacuuming up personal data 确实涉及隐私，但那是问题描述而非欧盟主要动作；本段对动作的总结是 police the market and encourage fair play 这一更上位的表达，选项以"隐私保护"代替"市场监管+公平竞争"是以偏概全。

What do Americans generally think of social media companies 问"普遍怎么看"，要的是评价/态度极性，是态度题。

generally 是程度副词"普遍/总体上"，提示答案要覆盖大多数人的态度，不能拿少数派或个别极端表态做答；according to the author 限制信息源只能是文章本身。

• A)以偏概全

  invading people's privacy 谈"侵犯隐私"，原文第七段未直接谈"美国公众认为社交媒体侵犯隐私"，前文 privacy, control over data 是"反垄断专家应考虑的因素"清单，不是美国公众对社媒公司的看法。

• B)答非所问

  increasingly influential (越来越有影响力) 是中性偏正的极性，与原文负向极性矛盾；同时原文第七段未直接评价"影响力大小"，而是评价"影响是好是坏"。

• C)✓ 正确
  • the public in general has grown increasingly skeptical of social media companies↔They are becoming untrustworthy
  • More than 60% say the sector has a negative effect on the country↔becoming untrustworthy

  选项 C 在极性 (负向)、强度 (becoming 渐进体) 上都与原文 increasingly skeptical 完全对偶，且不引入任何原文没有的额外维度。

• D)过度推断

  growing out of control 是"日益失控"——"失控"的判断超出原文。原文只说公众觉得社媒"负面影响大、需要更多监管"，并未说"已经失控"；要求更多监管恰恰说明"还可被监管"，与"out of control"相反。