2022年9月·第1套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析

What does the man say about the weekly program?

开场点题句。节目开头的自我介绍 a weekly program that helps you manage your money 加上 talking to Mary Johnson about budgeting，是典型的"开场点题"信号——节目类录音常在第一两句报出自己是干嘛的，这句就是定位锚。

• talking to Mary Johnson about budgeting↔helps people with budgeting原词budgeting+功能补全

• A)偷换概念录音说节目"helps you manage your money"（帮你管钱），不是帮你"earn more money"（赚更多钱）；管钱 ≠ 赚钱，方向被偷换。

  借用原文：helps you manage your money

• B)未提及录音谈的是 budgeting（预算/记账），并没说节目"teaches the importance of financing"（讲融资/理财的重要性）；financing 与 budgeting 是相近理财词，盗用相近概念来诱选，原文未提"重要性"这一说法。
• D)原词陷阱选项 introduces a novel way to invest 借"理财"氛围里的 invest 来诱选，但录音全程讲预算与记账，从未介绍"新的投资方式"，是听到理财就联想投资的陷阱。

What did the man read recently?

I read recently 引出句。I read recently that only 41% of Americans adhere to a budget 由"I read recently that…"直接引出"读到的内容"，是答案句的明确信号——"读到了什么"的答案就跟在该信号之后。

• only 41% of Americans adhere to a budget↔Most Americans do not stick to a budget.肯否转换+量词换算

• A)未提及录音这处只说"坚持预算的比例低"，没提美国人"not satisfied with their income"（对收入不满）；满意度是另起的话题，原文未涉及。
• B)原词陷阱no idea about how to invest 借理财氛围里的 invest 诱选，但这句数据讲的是"坚持预算"，与"会不会投资"无关，是听到理财词就联想的陷阱。
• C)偷换概念do not know how to save money 把原文的"坚持预算（budget）"偷换成"不会存钱（save）"；后文虽另有 most people have no idea how much they spend，但那是"不清楚花了多少"，不等于"不会存钱"，且本题要的是"读到的那条"，对应的是 41% 那句。

  借用原文：adhere to a budget

What does the woman suggest the man do first to avoid getting into debt?

it's all about 强调首要。it's all about keeping track of your money 用"it's all about…"强调"一切的根本在于"，是把某动作点为"首要/第一步"的信号；后接 If you don't do that… 进一步坐实它是前提，故这是"先做什么"的答案句。

• keeping track of your money↔Keep track of his money.near原词+人称转换

• B)答非所问Live within his means. 对应原文 If the result is positive, you are living within your means.，那是"记账并做收支相减之后"才谈到的结果，不是题目要的"first（第一步）"；盗用 living within your means 原词，却答非"先做什么"。

  借用原文：living within your means

• C)原词陷阱Find more sources of income. 沾原文 adding up all of your sources of income 与 find yourself a part-time job 的边，但"找更多收入来源"在录音里是 Failing that（实在不行）的最后一招，绝非"第一步"。

  借用原文：sources of income

• D)答非所问Refrain from buying luxuries. 对应原文 cutting back on those non-essential items，属"算出是负数后"要做的调整，同样不是"第一步"；它答非题目限定的 first。

  借用原文：cutting back on those non-essential items

What does the woman say about online shopping?

shop online to avoid 目的状语。shop online to avoid unnecessary temptations 里 to avoid 是"网购为了避开…"的目的状语，直接点出网购的好处所在，是本题答案信号——好处就藏在 to 后面那一段。

• shop online to avoid unnecessary temptations like chocolate↔It helps avoid unnecessary spending.诱惑→花销的概括等值

• A)未提及录音只说网购能"避开诱惑"，没说它 offers a greater variety of items（商品更多样）；"商品多"是网购的生活常识，但本句原文没这么说。
• C)过度推断It changes one's way of living. 把"避开一次诱惑"夸成"改变生活方式"，原文 shop online to avoid unnecessary temptations 远没到"改变生活方式"的程度，是过度拔高。
• D)原词陷阱It saves one's time for shopping. 借"shopping"原词与网购"省时"的常识诱选，但录音说的是"避开诱惑"，从未提网购"省时间"，是听到 shop/online 就联想常识的陷阱。

  借用原文：shop online

What does the woman say about the flat?

女方亲口陈述归属，是直接应答型答案句。答案落在女方介绍房子时的第一句陈述 The place actually belongs to my mother，"actually"带出的正是她要交代的房子归属事实，属"被介绍方亲口给出"的直接信号。

• The place actually belongs to my mother↔It belongs to her mother几乎原句对位，仅 The place→It、my→her

• A)原词陷阱It is brand-new借走了录音原词 brand-new，可那是 all the appliances are brand-new——全新的是电器，主语是 appliances，不是房子本身；听到 brand-new 就选房子全新，正中圈套。

  借用原文：all the appliances are brand-new

• B)张冠李戴It has plenty of rooms近似录音里的 Plenty of space，但那是男方 M 看房后的评价，且说的是"空间大"，并非女方"对房子的陈述"；题干问的是 woman，张冠李戴又偷换了 space→rooms。

  借用原文：Plenty of space

• D)未提及It has been vacant for months听上去合理，但全篇没有任何"空置/数月"的信息，女方只说服母亲搬走后"租出去"，并未提空置时长，属凭空添加。

What is the man's chief consideration in looking for a flat?

男方自报"the big question"，强调信号锁定焦点。答案句靠强调信号定位：男方用 the big question亲手把"噪音和邻居"标成头等大事，紧接第6段女方回答 peaceful pond、tranquility 与之呼应，焦点正是"安静"。

• What about noise and the neighbours?↔Tranquillity"不要噪音"概括为"安静"，否定转肯定

• A)原词陷阱Space借走 Plenty of space，男方确实夸了空间大，但那是顺口称赞，并没被他标成"the big question"，不是"chief"考虑；听到 space 就选，落入只听到原词不分主次的陷阱。

  借用原文：Plenty of space

• C)原词陷阱Appliances照搬 all the appliances are brand-new的原词，可那是女方主动介绍的卖点，题干问的是 man's chief consideration，男方并未把电器当首要；既张冠李戴又非"chief"。

  借用原文：all the appliances are brand-new

• D)过度推断Location能从 Getting to work was a nightmare联想到位置/通勤，但那是男方吐槽现住处之苦的背景，并非他看这套房时拎出的"the big question"；把背景信息升格成"首要考虑"属过度推断。

  借用原文：Getting to work was a nightmare

What does the man have to do on signing the contract?

mandatory 标出强制动作，触发条件 on signing 对齐。答案句靠强制信号定位：are mandatory on signing the contract中 mandatory（必须的）直接点出强制要求，且 on signing the contract 与题干触发条件逐字对齐，落点无疑。

• The first month's rent and a deposit are mandatory↔Pay the first month's rent and a deposit名词"是必须的"改写成动词"去支付"

• A)原词陷阱Talk to his wife about the contract terms借了 contract 一词，可录音里男方提妻子是说她上班用车、鞋多，从没说签约时要"和妻子商量合同条款"；听到 contract 就选，正中原词陷阱。

  借用原文：as soon as I get a contract drawn up

• C)张冠李戴Check the references of the flat owner盗用 references，但原文是女方说 I spoke to all your references and they all checked out okay——查证明人的是房东、查的是租客；选项把施受方整个调反，且与"签约时"无关。

  借用原文：I spoke to all your references and they all checked out okay

• D)张冠李戴Consult his solicitor one more time借走 solicitor，可原文是女方说 as soon as I get a contract drawn up with the solicitor——找律师拟合同的是女方；"男方再咨询一次律师"原文并无，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：as soon as I get a contract drawn up with the solicitor

Why does the man say his wife will feel very excited if they move into the flat?

wife 被点名 + thrilled，兴奋理由紧贴其后。答案句靠"本人被点名 + 情绪词"定位：My wife will be thrilled里 thrilled 正对题干 very excited，其后紧跟的 filling those wardrobes with all those shoes就是兴奋的具体理由——衣柜能装下她所有鞋。

• filling those wardrobes with all those shoes↔She will have plenty of space for her shoes"衣柜塞满鞋"概括为"有足够地方放鞋"
• Lots of closet space too, which is fabulous. My wife has a ridiculous number of shoes↔She will have plenty of space for her shoes前文 closet space + 鞋多，提前埋下"放鞋空间"伏笔

• A)原词陷阱She can have a wonderful view of the pond借走原词 pond，录音确有 overlooks a clear and peaceful pond，但那是女方介绍房况，男方说妻子兴奋时绑的是鞋、不是池塘；听到 pond 就选，正中原词陷阱。

  借用原文：overlooks a clear and peaceful pond

• B)过度推断She will be much closer to her work place能从 she works nights at the hospital、上班难联想，但原文只说现住处通勤是噩梦，并没说搬进新房"离单位更近"或妻子为此兴奋，属过度推断。

  借用原文：she works nights at the hospital

• C)未提及She can make friends with new neighbours借了 neighbours，可原文 all the neighbours are elderly只说邻居都上了年纪、不吵，从没说妻子会"和新邻居交朋友"，纯属添加。

  借用原文：all the neighbours are elderly

What has the new study found about children watching television?

开头点题句即研究结论。篇章独白常在第一句就抛出研究核心，本段开头 A new study has found a positive correlation 用 "研究发现" 直接报出结论，是典型的开头点题信号，听到 "A new study has found" 就该锁定这句为答案句。

• a positive correlation between how much television children watch and their parents' stress levels↔The more television they watch, the greater their parents' stress正相关改写成 "越多越大"

• A)原词陷阱录音确说看电视越多 the more they're exposed to advertising，但谈的是接触广告进而吵架、增压，并非 "认识更多品牌"；A 借 commercials 这个真出现过的话题词，把结果偷换成认识品牌，是听到原词就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：the more they're exposed to advertising

• B)张冠李戴明星 celebrity endorsements 确在录音里出现，但那是第 4 段讲广告手段时说的，与本题问的 "研究发现" 无关；B 把后文一个原词搬来当本题结论，属张冠李戴式的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：celebrity endorsements

• C)与原文相反录音说看电视多会 generate conflict（产生冲突、增加压力），C 却说 "家庭冲突更少"，把录音的因果方向整个反了过来，属与原文相反。

  借用原文：This could generate conflict if the parents refuse

What are parents advised to do to reduce the impact of TV commercials?

建议词 suggest 领出做法。本句以 The researchers suggest that parents… 开头，suggest 是明确的建议信号词，它后面带出的那个做法就是 "家长被建议做什么" 的答案，听到 suggest 即锁定此句。

• parents seek input from their children on family purchasing decisions↔Involve children in making purchasing decisions征求意见=让孩子参与决策

• A)未提及录音从未让家长告知孩子家庭财务状况，financial situation 在原文找不到对应，属凭常识臆想的未提及项。
• B)未提及录音提到的应对是关掉电视和改变沟通方式，从未说 "把孩子注意力转移到有趣活动上"；interesting activities 是凭空添加，属未提及。
• D)原词陷阱advertising's intent 确在录音出现，但它是第 4 段解释 "孩子为何易受影响" 时说孩子缺乏理解广告意图的认知能力，并非给家长的建议；D 借这个真原词冒充本题答案，是原词陷阱。

  借用原文：children don't have the cognitive ability to fully understand advertising's intent

What makes children particularly vulnerable to TV commercials?

That makes them… 收束因果。末句 That makes them particularly vulnerable 用 "That makes them…" 把前一句的原因（缺乏认知能力）与 "特别易受影响" 的结果直接挂钩，是明确的因果收束信号，听到它就回指前句去找原因。

• children don't have the cognitive ability to fully understand advertising's intent↔Their limited cognitive ability"没有充分认知能力"="认知能力有限"

• B)未提及录音从未说孩子因 "天生好奇" 而易受影响，natural curiosity 在原文无对应，是凭常识臆测的未提及项。
• C)原词陷阱celebrity endorsements 确在录音里出现，但它是广告吸引孩子的手段之一，不是 "孩子易受影响" 的原因；C 借 celebrities 这个真原词，把广告的手段偷换成孩子的特质，是原词陷阱。

  借用原文：celebrity endorsements

• D)未提及录音解释原因时只说孩子缺乏认知能力，从未提 "缺乏社会经验"，social experience 在原文找不到对应，属未提及。

What baffling phenomenon is discussed in the passage?

转折 But 后才是真意。前文先说 we do indeed reward good people（确实奖励好人）做铺垫，紧接 But sometimes, the good guys also get punished or criticized 用 But 一转，转折之后才是作者真正要立的反常现象——这句就是答案句。

• the good guys also get punished or criticized↔Good guys may get unfair treatment被罚被批=不公待遇

• A)原词陷阱选项把录音里的 bad guys 搬来拼成「坏人也会做好事」，但录音从没说坏人做好事，只说 we should only punish the bad guys；听到 bad guys 就选会中招。

  借用原文：we should only punish the bad guys

• B)与原文相反录音说坏人「会被」惩罚（often punish people who harm others），选项却说坏人「逃脱」惩罚（go unpunished），把极性反了；盗用 punish 一词却改了方向。

  借用原文：We also often punish people who harm others

• C)张冠李戴选项说「好人不总愿合作」，盗用了 aren't good team players 里的合作意味，但录音说的是不合作的人会被罚，没说好人不合作；这是把别处的合作话题安到「好人」头上。

  借用原文：who aren't good team players

How are we all judged according to the passage?

judged 原词直接应答。题干问 how are we judged，录音 we're all judged in comparison with others 里 judged 一词与题干正面咬合，是直接给出依据的应答句；句首 After all（毕竟）是收束总结语气，更确认这是作者下的判定。

• in comparison with others↔In comparison with others近乎原句对应

• A)答非所问选项「凭我们做什么」看似呼应录音里 stopping that person from looking good 的行为话题，但题干问的是评判依据，录音明说依据是「比较」不是「我们做的事」；用行为话题误导。

  借用原文：incentive in stopping that person from looking good

• B)未提及选项「靠公正评价」里的 fair（公正）录音通篇没出现，是凭「评判」话题臆造出的好听说法；录音说的是与人比较，并未强调公正。
• D)与原文相反选项「按固定标准」恰与录音「与他人比较」相对立——录音明确说是相对的比较，不是绝对的标准；这是给出与答案句直接相反的另一极。

  借用原文：we're all judged in comparison with others

What can a normal person do when faced with people who perform better?

设问后第一答 One option。录音用 what can a normal person do? 自设问，紧接 One option is to actively compete 给出第一个、也是唯一正面的做法；One option 是列举做法的起始信号，作者把「主动竞争」摆在首位，正是答案句。

• One option is to actively compete↔Compete with them activelycompete/actively 同义重组

• A)未提及「向他们认真学习」是面对强者最符合常识的反应，但录音列举的做法里只有竞争和打压，没有 learn；这是用常识替文本，录音根本没念。
• C)未提及「暂时不理他们」录音从未提及，作者给的第二选择是 bring that person down（打压），不是回避；这是凭想象补的做法。

  借用原文：A second option is to bring that person down

• D)原词陷阱选项「真诚地与他们合作」盗用了录音里 suppress their cooperation 的 cooperation 一词，但录音说的是「压制别人的合作」，方向恰恰相反，绝非自己去真诚合作。

  借用原文：suppress their cooperation or work ethic

What may discourage people from performing good deeds?

discourage 前一句即诱因。题干的 discourage 在 This criticism may ultimately discourage people from doing good deeds 原词复现，而 This criticism 回指上一句 dismissed as naive or hypocritical；指代回指处的那项批评（被斥为伪善）就是打击行善的因素，是答案句。

• dismissed as naive or hypocritical↔Being dismissed as hypocritical近义并保留 hypocritical

• B)张冠李戴「得不到应有回报」呼应录音前文 reward good people 的奖励话题，但那是开头铺垫，并非第 4 段 discourage 的诱因；把别段的内容安到本题头上。

  借用原文：we do indeed reward good people

• C)未提及「不得不做太多牺牲」录音通篇没提 sacrifice，是对行善代价的常识联想；录音说的打击是被斥伪善，不是牺牲过多。
• D)偷换概念「被周围人误解」听着像 dismissed as hypocritical，但「误解」是中性的认知偏差，录音说的是被恶意贬斥为伪善，程度与性质都不同，属把「被斥伪善」悄悄换成更轻的「被误解」。

  借用原文：dismissed as naive or hypocritical by those who do not perform those deeds

What does the speaker say about most preteen children?

总括词most + 段首点题。这句出现在第二段段首，且以题干同款的 Most preteen children 开头，是讲者对该群体的总括陈述；听到 most 这种总括词紧跟题目所问对象，就该锁定其后内容为答案句。

• a best friend who is usually someone of the same sex↔make friends with peers of the same sexhave a best friend概括为make friends

• A)原词陷阱gender differences 借用了第一段反复出现的 gender differences 一词，但那是讲者引出全文话题的背景，并非对 preteen children 的描述；说 preteen 孩子『越来越意识到性别差异』在该年龄段段落里并无对应。

  借用原文：gender differences are very much in the media these days

• B)原词陷阱positive recollection 与录音 positive recollection of these childhood friendships 几乎原词照搬，极具迷惑性；但原文说的是『两性都对这些童年友谊有正面回忆』，主体是回忆童年的成年视角，并非在讲 preteen 孩子当下『正在进行正面回忆』这一行为，答非所问。

  借用原文：Both sexes share an essentially positive recollection of these childhood friendships

• C)未提及see the importance of friendship 听上去合情合理，但录音在描述 preteen children 时只说他们有同性好友、玩不同性质的游戏，从未说他们『开始认识到友谊的重要性』，属于无中生有。

What do most males devote much of their energy to during adolescence?

转折however后 + energy is devoted to原词。本句以转折词 however 引出青春期男性的真实状态，并直接出现题干同款短语 considerable energy is devoted to competing for position；转折之后才是讲者要强调的结论，加上 devoted to 这一投入信号，定位即落于此。

• considerable energy is devoted to competing for position↔Competing for position几乎原词对应、仅句式调整

• B)与原文相反Forging close ties with friends 借用了同段 a close alliance with same-sex friends，但那是 however 转折之前的铺垫（青春期男性又一次与同性结盟），讲者随即用 however 转折强调真正投入的是竞争；取转折前的信息即答错方向。

  借用原文：the majority of males once again report a close alliance with same-sex friends

• C)未提及Pursuing fashion 在整篇录音里没有任何对应，讲者谈的是友谊、竞争、恋爱，从未提及时尚，是凭空添加的干扰项。
• D)未提及Fulfilling family obligations 同样在录音中无对应，讲者讨论的是同伴友谊与竞争，与家庭义务无关，属无中生有。

What do children do when they reach late adolescence?

时间标志late adolescence + 优先级信号take precedence over。句中 in late adolescence 正是题干同款时间标志，紧跟 take sharp precedence over sisterhood 给出明确的优先级判断；时间标志加『谁优先于谁』信号叠加，即为答案句。

• dating and relationships with boys take sharp precedence over sisterhood↔prioritize romance over friendshiptake precedence over等于prioritize over

• B)与原文相反strengthen same-sex friendships 借用了原文反复出现的 same-sex friendships，但本句说的是恋爱『压过』姐妹情、即同性友谊被稀释，并非『加强』；方向恰好相反。

  借用原文：dating dilutes the intensity of same sex friendships

• C)与原文相反take friendship more seriously 与录音 take sharp precedence over sisterhood 的取向正相反——原文是恋爱优先、友谊退居其次，而非更看重友谊。

  借用原文：dating and relationships with boys take sharp precedence over sisterhood

• D)原词陷阱compete intensely for romantic partners 把前文讲青春期男性的 competition 一词移花接木到『争夺恋爱对象』上；原文从未说他们激烈争夺恋爱伴侣，只说恋爱与友谊之间存在竞争，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：there's a competition between romance and friendship

Why do disabled job applicants feel reluctant to disclose their disability information?

fear + as a result 双重信号。many candidates fear they wouldn't be considered for a position 中的 fear 直接对应题干的 feel reluctant 的心理，as a result of disclosing 又点出『因披露而……』的因果，这两个信号合起来标定它就是答案句。

• fear they wouldn't be considered for a position↔worried about being turned down怕不被考虑 = 怕被拒

• C)原词陷阱录音说的是怕『不被考虑』，并未说怕病情被广泛知晓；C 借 this personal information 这个原词诱你联想到『隐私外泄』，但 made widely known（被广泛传开）是录音没说的内容，属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：as a result of disclosing this personal information

• D)过度推断录音的担忧发生在『还没被考虑、怕落选』阶段；D 说 once recruited（一旦被录用后）被歧视，把时间挪到了入职之后，与录音 they wouldn't be considered for a position（怕进不去）方向相反，属过度推断兼时间偷换。

  借用原文：they wouldn't be considered for a position

• A)未提及A 说他们把这当作 a matter of sheer privacy（纯属隐私问题），但录音给的理由是『怕落选』这一现实顾虑，并没说他们当作纯隐私来回避，属录音未提及的说法。

When does the speaker suggest applicants reveal their disability information?

most appropriate 推荐句。It's most appropriate to discuss a disability when they reply to confirm an interview 用最高级 most appropriate 直接给出『最佳时机』，这种带推荐色彩的句子就是『何时』题的答案信号。

• when they reply to confirm an interview↔When confirming an interview确认面试时 = confirm an interview

• B)原词陷阱录音说的是『确认面试时(confirm an interview)』而非『面试过程中(during)』；B 借 confirm an interview 里的 interview 原词，把时点偷换成 During a job interview，与录音差一个动作环节，属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：when they reply to confirm an interview

• D)与原文相反录音明确说残疾信息 needn't be put up front in their cover letter or resumé（不必放进求职信），D 却让人在 completing a cover letter 时披露，正好取了录音否定掉的那个时点，与原文相反。

  借用原文：This information needn't be put up front in their cover letter or resumé

• A)未提及A 说在 After receiving a job offer（收到录用通知后）披露，但录音推荐的是确认面试阶段，全篇没说要等到拿 offer 之后，属录音未提及的时点。

What are people advised to do when filling out their job application form?

should avoid 告诫句。People should avoid sharing the name of their disability or condition 用 should avoid 直接给出告诫，这种 should/avoid 的建议措辞就是『建议做什么』题的答案信号。

• should avoid sharing the name of their disability or condition↔Avoid mentioning the name of their disability避免说出名称 = avoid mentioning the name

• A)与原文相反A 让人 Describe the true state of their health（如实描述健康状况），录音却劝人 avoid sharing the name of their disability or condition（避免说出名称），方向正好相反，是与原文相反的干扰。

  借用原文：People should avoid sharing the name of their disability or condition

• B)原词陷阱录音说人们『不应被表格的方式或时机限制』，并未要求 Provide all the information required（提供所有被要求的信息）；B 借录音反复出现的 information 一词诱你选『信息全交』，但全篇恰恰在讲可以有所保留，属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：people shouldn't feel restricted by this method or timing

• C)未提及C 让人 Stress the irrelevance of their disability to the job（强调残疾与岗位无关）；录音填表那段只说『避免说出名称』，并未建议在表格里强调残疾与工作无关，属录音未提及的做法。

What did some American researchers find about students' reading comprehension in the presence of background noise?

程度极值 most depressed。答案句靠程度极值信号锁定：scores were most depressed in the presence of background speech 中的 most depressed（下降最厉害）直接回应“成绩最差出现在哪种声音下”，极值词就是听力比较题的落点。

• scores were most depressed in the presence of background speech↔It was the poorest when there was background speechmost depressed = poorest

• A)与原文相反录音说有 When the background speech was in a language unfamiliar to participants, there was little if any hindrance，是“陌生语言的人声几乎不干扰”，A 却笼统说成绩受人声影响“最小（least affected）”，偷换并反了极值方向，原文是“最差”才对。

  借用原文：there was little if any hindrance of reading comprehension

• C)原词陷阱录音里 most depressed 是接 background speech 的，C 却把 most depressed 安到了 instrumental music 头上。instrumental music 在录音里反而是 Comprehension was slightly better with the presence of music，C 盗用了真实出现过的极值词却配错了对象。

  借用原文：Students' scores were most depressed in the presence of background speech

• D)原词陷阱air conditioner or fan 确在录音中出现，但那是用来定义 General noise is neutral, such as that from the sound of an air conditioner or fan（举例说明什么叫一般噪音），并非说阅读理解被它“扰乱”，D 借这个原词制造熟耳朵的诱惑，其实答非所问。

  借用原文：General noise is neutral, such as that from the sound of an air conditioner or fan

What do we learn from the British researchers about the degree of interference from background noise?

因果信号 depends on。答案句靠归因信号锁定：depends on the overlap between the processing required on the task and the processing required to screen out the background noise 中的 depends on 直接给出“干扰程度由什么决定”，原因题的落点就在 depends on 之后。

• the overlap between the processing required on the task and the processing required to screen out the background noise↔the overlap in processing different kinds of information两种处理 = 不同信息处理

• A)原词陷阱the type and volume of the background noise 把决定因素说成“噪音的类型和音量”。录音确实念了 background noise，但从没说取决于其 type and volume，volume（音量）更是录音未提，A 借熟词拼了个原文没有的归因。

  借用原文：the degree of interference from background noise depends on the overlap

• B)原词陷阱short-term memory 来自录音 British researchers compared the effects… on short-term memory，那是英国研究的“测试对象/实验任务”，B 把它偷换成“干扰程度取决于短期记忆”，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：compared the effects of background speech, vocal music, instrumental music, general background noise and silence on short-term memory

• D)未提及the participants' ability to concentrate on the task at hand 听着合理，但英国研究者那段从没说干扰程度取决于“专注能力”，这是录音未提的常识性臆测。

What is best for students to do when writing essays according to some research?

转折 however + 建议 it is best to。答案句双信号锁定：转折词 however 提示前面（读书可放纯音乐）之外另起一种场景，紧接的 it is best to reduce all background noise as much as possible 是建议句，转折后的建议正是写作文场景的落点。

• reduce all background noise as much as possible↔Keep everything as quiet as possible.减一切噪音 = 保持安静

• B)张冠李戴Play nothing but instrumental music. 里的 instrumental music 来自录音 Instrumental music will have at worst a slight effect，但那是针对“读书/记忆”场景说的；写作文场景明确要求“减少一切噪音”，B 把读书场景的纯音乐建议张冠李戴到写作文上。

  借用原文：Instrumental music will have at worst a slight effect

• C)原词陷阱Use vocal material as little as possible. 中 vocal 来自英国研究那段 vocal music was slightly more disruptive than instrumental，写作文场景要求的是“减少一切噪音”而非单单“少用人声”，C 借 vocal 这个原词缩小了范围、答非所问。

  借用原文：vocal music was slightly more disruptive than instrumental

• D)未提及Wear a pair of earphones or headphones. 戴耳机听着像隔音的合理办法，但录音从头到尾没提 earphones / headphones，属凭常识臆造。

How do people of different personalities react to distractions according to other studies?

转折 but 后是真意。答案句靠转折信号锁定：but less sociable people were more negatively affected by each of the distractions 中 but 之后才是关于性格差异的真正结论，前半 Everyone performed best in silence 是共性铺垫，转折后才落到“内向者受影响更大”。

• less sociable people were more negatively affected by each of the distractions↔Shy quiet people were most adversely impacted.less sociable = shy quiet；more affected = most impacted

• A)过度推断Sociable people were immune to all distractions. 中 sociable 来自录音 less sociable，但录音说外向者“受影响更小”，并未说“对所有干扰免疫”，且 Everyone performed best in the silent condition 表明人人都受干扰（只有安静最好），A 的 immune to all 是绝对化臆断。

  借用原文：Everyone performed best in the silent condition

• C)与原文相反Less outgoing people were more affected by silence. 里 Less outgoing 对得上内向者，但录音说大家在 silent condition 下表现最好，内向者是被“各种干扰”影响更大，而非被“安静”影响更大，C 把受影响的对象由 distractions 偷换成 silence，与原文相反。

  借用原文：less sociable people were more negatively affected by each of the distractions

• D)原词陷阱Confident people were unaffected by high-arousal music. 中 confident、high arousal music 都在录音里出现（subjected shy quiet people and confident outgoing ones to high arousal or low arousal background music），但那只是实验设置，录音没说自信者“不受高唤醒音乐影响”，D 拼接真实原词造了个原文未下的绝对结论。

  借用原文：subjected shy quiet people and confident outgoing ones to high arousal or low arousal background music, general noise or silence