2022年12月·第2套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

Why do some people advocate forgiving student loan debt? 直接问 "为何主张"，要求回原文找其陈述的理由，属事实陈述题。

题干为标准 Why 引导的特殊疑问句，主谓宾结构清晰：主语 some people，谓语 advocate，宾语动名词短语 forgiving student loan debt，无从句、无否定、无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  原文只说 give assistance to those in need，并未说 narrow the gap between the wealthy and the poor——"帮助困难者" 不等于 "缩小贫富差距"。

• B)✓ 正确
  • stimulate the economy↔benefit ... the economy
  • give assistance to those in need↔benefit ... the underprivileged

  预判要求同时覆盖 "经济" 与 "弱势群体"，B 用 both the economy and the underprivileged 并列结构精准对应定位句的并列宾语，是唯一双满足项。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 economically distressed 只是 "被免债 1 万美元" 的资格描述，并未声称免债能 eliminate economic distress among college students。

• D)无中生有

  原文未出现 the cost of education is the responsibility of the government 这一表述，主张方只谈 "免债" 这一具体动作，未上升到 "教育成本应由政府承担" 的责任归属。

What do we learn from the Federal Reserve data? 问 "我们从某数据得知什么"，要求复述数据所支持的具体结论，属客观信息检索。

Wh- 疑问句，what 作宾语前置，"learn from" 为搭配，from 后接信息来源；句式简洁无修饰。

• A)偷换概念

  原文 60% 指 outstanding student debt 中由高收入家庭持有的比例，并非 Approximately 60% of student debt remains unpaid——"未偿" 在原文里是 outstanding（仍欠着），但 60% 修饰的是高收入家庭占比而非未偿率。

• B)✓ 正确
  • giving money away to universities and the most affluent students in attendance↔Cancelling student debt benefits wealthy families most
  • the highest-income 40 percent of households owe approximately 60 percent of outstanding student debt↔wealthy families

  数据要证明 "消债是给富人送钱"，B 把这一结论用 benefits wealthy families most 复述，是唯一锁定 "受益者方向" 的选项。

• C)与原文相反

  原文 giving money away to universities 明示大学正是免债的受益方，C 项却说 Forgiving student debt provides little benefit to universities，与原文截然相反。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 the lowest 40 percent owe just under 20 percent 明确说低收入家庭只欠不到 20%，D 项称 Low-income families owe the biggest amount of student debt，方向完全反向。

What does the author say students are likely to do 问的是作者所言，要求复述作者在原文对该情形下学生行为的明确说法，属直接陈述题。

复合疑问句：主句 What does the author say，宾语从句 students are likely to do，后跟条件状语从句 if they know they needn't repay their loans；需把 if-从句视为情景前提。

• A)✓ 正确
  • major in impractical or idealistic subjects↔study subjects without considering their job prospects
  • major in↔study subjects

  把 impractical / idealistic 翻译为 "不考虑就业" 这一行为机制，是定位句到 A 项的唯一等值路径；其余三项均跳出此语义域。

• B)与原文相反

  原文将这一行为定性为 the irresponsible decision（不负责任的决定），B 项却美化为 be free to pursue their goals without being burdened financially（自由追求目标、不受经济负担），态度方向完全相反。

• C)偷换概念

  原文谈的只是 major in impractical or idealistic subjects 选专业行为；C over-borrow and live beyond their means 把话题扩到 "超支度日" 的生活方式，越界。

• D)无中生有

  原文未提学生因免债 enroll in expensive universities 报昂贵学校的行为，借贷增多与 "昂贵大学" 没有原文支持。

What does the author imply about colleges offering online education? 中 imply 明示作者并未直说，需要从其用词与反问句推断态度。

Wh- 疑问句嵌 about 介词短语：主干 What does the author imply，宾语 about colleges offering online education，offering 为现在分词作定语；无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  原文反问句 Do we really want to tell colleges that they can get away with ... ? 表达 "作者认为大学不该逃过去"，但 A 项 They cannot get away with the serious consequences 直接把 "逃不掉" 当作论点，作者只是质问、并未陈述其事实结果，且 "serious consequences" 系原文未提的后果维度。

• B)张冠李戴

  原文 Students are paying tens of thousands of dollars per year，受害方是学生，B 却把 "受害" 戴给大学：They have suffered greatly from the current pandemic，主语与原文相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • below-average service for an outrageous cost↔The tuition they charge is not justified by the quality of their service
  • outrageous cost↔the tuition they charge

  反问句的反义即 "学费不应换来低于平均的服务"，C 用 not justified by the quality of their service 把这一态度客观化，是唯一锁定 "价质不匹配" 的选项。

• D)无中生有

  原文只说学费 "离谱"（outrageous），未说它 has surged outrageously during the pandemic 在大流行期间 "飙涨"；时间维度的涨幅描述无原文支撑。

What will happen if any of the proposed student debt plans is implemented? 问方案实施后的结果，原文有对应客观陈述句即可作答。

Wh- 疑问句加 if 条件状语：主句 What will happen，从句 if any of the proposed student debt plans is implemented，被动语态 is implemented 表 "被实施"；逻辑是 "实施→什么结果"。

• A)与原文相反

  原文谈的是 working-class Americans 要补贴别人，而非 "获得成为专业阶层的机会"；A Plumbers and retail workers will have a chance of becoming professionals 把方向反过来，让他们成为受益人。

• B)与原文相反

  原文 working-class Americans who chose not to or could not afford to go to college 强调工薪阶层不上大学，B 说 Working-class students will have increasing access to subsidized education，把不上大学的工薪阶层反向描述为 "上大学且获补贴"。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Plumbers and retail workers↔Blue-collar workers
  • will be paying for the degrees of doctors and lawyers↔will have to bear the cost of educating would-be high-earners

  预判要求保留 "蓝领→白领" 的财政方向，C 用 Blue-collar workers 与 would-be high-earners 把双方上位化后保留方向，是唯一忠实复述者。

• D)答非所问

  原文谈的是 "谁为这些学位埋单" 的财政分配，而非 A growing number of students will be able to earn degrees in medicine and law 这种 "医法学位人数增加" 的供给变化，未对应题干 What will happen 所问的方案后果。