2025年12月·第2套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What does the author say about human beings? 问的是作者就 human beings 这一具体对象说了什么，落点在某一具体陈述上而非整篇主旨。

What does the author say about human beings? 是常规疑问句结构，主干 "the author say"，关于 human beings，无从句、无否定、无比较，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • thrive↔prosper
  • cannot thrive independent of others↔cannot prosper without cooperating with each other

  They cannot prosper without cooperating with each other. 把 cannot thrive independent of others 改写为"必须合作才能兴旺"，正是预判内容的同义转述。

• B)偷换概念

  They share a common interest and believe in a just cause. 取自 we share a common interest, or who also believe in a cause we are serious about，但原文这是"喜欢和谁一起工作"的举例，不是对 human beings 的总体陈述；且 cause 被偷换为 just cause（正义事业）。

• C)过度推断

  They think and behave alike in different social groups. 声称"在不同群体中想法行为都一样"，原文只说人喜欢和"like-minded"的人共事，并未说人在所有群体中思想行为都相同。

• D)与原文相反

  They cannot gain independence without fighting for it. 谈"独立要靠斗争争取"，但原文 we cannot thrive independent of others 强调的是"无法独立"而非"为独立而战"，话题相反。

What do we learn about solidarity in an increasingly diverse society? 提问限定在"多元化社会下的 solidarity"这一局部，并非整篇主旨。

What do we learn about solidarity in an increasingly diverse society? 主干 "we learn about solidarity"，介词短语 "in an increasingly diverse society" 限定语境，无难句结构。

• A)强加因果

  It gives rise to a complicated division of labor. 说 solidarity 导致了复杂分工，但原文 working within a complex division of labor 是说 solidarity 发生"在"复杂分工"之内"，分工是背景而非结果。

• B)✓ 正确
  • takes on a complex and multifaceted character↔involves many aspects with great complexity
  • takes on↔involves

  involves many aspects with great complexity 同时覆盖原文的 complex 和 multifaceted 两个核心修饰语，且未做任何额外延伸。

• C)以偏概全

  It brings individuals together as environment changes. 把"形成相互依赖纽带"窄化为"把个体聚拢"，且偷换了主线——题干问的是"我们关于 solidarity 在多元社会中学到什么"，正确答案应概括其"特征"，C 选了一处细节当主答。

• D)偷换概念

  It embraces the characteristics of different individuals. 说 solidarity"接纳"个体差异，但原文只说它在 unique individuals 之间形成纽带，并未说它"接纳"或"包含"个体特征。

What would we witness in the setting of communitarianism? 问的是该情境下会观察到什么，指向文中具体描述句。

What would we witness in the setting of communitarianism? 主干 "we would witness"，"in the setting of communitarianism" 限定情境，would 表示一般陈述语气，无难点。

• A)以偏概全

  Ruling of social norms and ridding of individuality. 把"个体在某情境下放弃个人利益"夸大为"社会规范统治、个性被彻底清除"，原文虽提到 individuality 被牺牲，但用的是 sacrificed（让位）而非 ridding（彻底清除）。

• B)与原文相反

  Emphasis on the adherence to individual differences. 说社群主义强调坚持个体差异，但原文 strict adherence to social cohesiveness and exclusiveness restricts expression and practice of individual differences 明说它限制了个体差异的表达，完全相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • individuals give up their own interests↔Sacrifice of personal interests
  • to serve the common good↔for the common good

  Sacrifice of personal interests for the common good. 是对 individuals give up their own interests to serve the common good 的完整、保守的名词化改写，与预判完全吻合。

• D)过度推断

  Elimination of individualism and personal choices. 用 Elimination（彻底消除）描述社群主义的效果，但原文只说 individuality and autonomy are sacrificed（让位/牺牲），并未达到"彻底消除"的程度。

What does solidarity entail according to the passage? 询问 solidarity 本质内涵，对应文中明确陈述句。

What does solidarity entail according to the passage? 标准疑问句，谓语动词 entail 是关键考词，"according to the passage" 为状语，结构简单。

• A)张冠李戴

  A limit to personal differences. 来自 restricts expression and practice of individual differences，那是讲社群主义的代价，不是讲 solidarity 整体的内涵；题干问的是 solidarity entail 什么。

• B)✓ 正确
  • a reaction to the extreme emphasis on individualism↔An opposition to individualism
  • the extreme emphasis on individualism and freedom of choice↔individualism

  An opposition to individualism 是 a reaction to the extreme emphasis on individualism 最直接的同义改写，与预判一致。

• C)张冠李戴

  A hindrance to social advancement. 把 solidarity 说成"社会进步的障碍"，但原文 see society as a hindrance to their freedom to make choices 是说"自由派认为社会是其自由的障碍"，hindrance 的主语应为 society 而非 solidarity；并且 P7 明说 solidarity 是 order and progress 的关键。

• D)过度推断

  An inevitable end to liberal pursuits. 说 solidarity 会"不可避免地终结"自由派追求，但原文只说它是对极端个人主义的 reaction（反对/回应），并未说会"终结"或必然成功，且 inevitable 加重了语气。

What do social theorists think of solidarity? 问的是 social theorists 这一具体群体的看法，定位明确，不是整篇作者主旨。

What do social theorists think of solidarity? 主语 "social theorists"，think of 是固定搭配"看待/认为"，结构平铺直叙。

• A)以偏概全

  It is especially relevant to the most vulnerable. 取自 listens to and acts on the cries of the most vulnerable，原文这是对 solidarity 内涵的一种延伸描述，且"especially relevant"是干扰项的额外断言；题干问的是社会理论家对 solidarity 的整体看法，而非"它最关乎谁"。

• B)过度推断

  It is most effective in protecting human dignity. 用 most effective（最有效）做绝对化判断，但原文 It fights for the protection of human dignity 仅说它"为人类尊严而战"，并未与其他事物比较"最有效"。

• C)✓ 正确
  • a key factor in bringing about order and progress in society↔essential to progress and order in society
  • bringing about order and progress in society↔progress and order in society

  essential to progress and order in society 是 a key factor in bringing about order and progress in society 的标准同义改写，与预判完全对应。

• D)偷换概念

  It is indispensable to avoiding shallow relationships. 说 solidarity 对"避免肤浅关系"必不可少，但原文 they regard a genuine solidarity as more than just shallow relationships based on common interests 是说"真正的 solidarity 不仅仅是肤浅关系"，是在界定 solidarity 本身，而非说它用于"避免肤浅关系"。