2021年12月·第3套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What can we observe from the author's description of our communities 问的是从作者描述中能 "观察到" 什么，是基于原文事实的客观提取，不含 infer/imply 等推断信号。

题干主干 What can we observe from the author's description of our communities，主语 we、谓语 observe、宾语为 what；介词短语 from the author's description of our communities 是状语，提示 observe 的依据来源。结构平铺，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  The growing passion for automation 称社区对自动化抱有越来越大的热情，但原文 the devastating impact of automation 是负面描述，没有任何 passion（热情）的成分。

• B)无中生有

  The shift from manual jobs to IT ones 提出岗位类型在 "体力→IT" 之间转移，但 P2 只说岗位被取代、好新岗不足，并未说明流向 IT；该说法在文中无依据。

• C)答非所问

  Their changing views on employment 谈的是 "对就业的看法在变"，但题干问的是 description 描绘出的实际状况，且 P2 并未讨论 views（观念）的变化。

• D)✓ 正确
  • automation is increasingly replacing jobs and leaving too few good new jobs behind↔Their fading employment opportunities

  预判答案的核心语义是 "岗位机会在消逝"，四个选项中只有 fading employment opportunities 与之严丝合缝。

What do we learn from a recent report 直接问 report 里说了什么，是对原文事实的转述。

What do we learn from a recent report，疑问句结构 What + 助动词 do + 主语 we + 谓语 learn + 介词短语 from a recent report；无从句、无否定，理解无障碍。

• A)与原文相反

  The manufacturing sector is declining at a fast rate 称制造业整体在快速衰退，但 Our country is manufacturing more than ever before, but we are doing it with fewer workers 显示制造业产出反而 "前所未有的多"，并非 declining。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Despite the widespread fears about trade, a recent report showed that just 13 percent of jobs lost in manufacturing are due to trade↔The concerns about the effect of trade are exaggerated

  把预判 "担忧言过其实" 与四个选项一比，只有 exaggerated 与之同义。

• C)答非所问

  The fears about trade have been spreading far and wide 描述的是恐惧本身在扩散，但 P3 报告内容是 "只有 13% 归因于贸易"，并非讲恐惧的传播范围；且 widespread 是状态而非 "正在扩散"。

• D)与原文相反

  The impact of trade on employment has been staggering 说贸易对就业影响 "惊人之大"，但 just 13 percent…are due to trade 表明贸易影响极小；staggering 反而是文中用于形容 "statistics in manufacturing" 的词，被错位挪用。

What does the passage tell us about American workers 是询问文章对工人状况的客观陈述，不涉及推理。

What does the passage tell us about American workers in an era of transformation：疑问句主干 the passage tell us about American workers；介词短语 in an era of transformation 是 workers 的后置定语，限定 workers 所处状态。

• A)偷换概念

  They feel ignored by politicians 说工人觉得被政客忽视；原文 Whether policymakers and politicians admit it or not 只是让步状语，意思是 "无论政客是否承认"，并未说工人 feel ignored；这是把 admit it or not 误读为 ignored。

• B)✓ 正确
  • workers have made clear their feelings about their economic insecurity↔They feel increasingly vulnerable

  预判的核心 "经济上不安全" 与 vulnerable（易受伤、脆弱的）语义同义；四个选项中只有 B 落在 "工人感受" 这一维度上。

• C)与原文相反

  They keep adapting to the changes 称工人在不断适应变化；但 P4 强调工人 economic insecurity 与 desire to keep good jobs，是 "抗拒变化、希望保住"，与 "adapting" 方向相反。

• D)过度推断

  They keep complaining but to no avail 说工人不断抱怨却毫无效果；原文 made clear their feelings 是 "表达感受"，并非 complaining；更无 "无果" 的结论。

What does the author think of automation 直接问作者对自动化的看法，是观点/态度题的标准题干。

What does the author think of automation：主干 the author think of automation，think of 在此意为 "对…的看法"。结构简单，但要小心 think of 是固定短语，等同于 think about / view。

• A)偷换概念

  It will have the same impact as industrialization 称自动化与工业化影响相同；但原文 Resisting automation is futile: it is as inevitable as industrialization was before it 只用 industrialization 作 "不可避免性" 的类比，并未说两者 impact 一样。

• B)张冠李戴

  It provides sensible companies with alternatives 说自动化为公司提供备选方案；原文 any sensible company or country should prepare for all alternatives 是公司 "应自己准备好应对各种可能"，主语错位（公司主动准备 → 选项变成自动化提供）。

• C)✓ 正确
  • I sincerely hope that those who assert that automation will make us more effective and pave the way for new occupations are right, but the reality of automation's detrimental effects on workers makes me skeptical↔Its alleged positive effects are doubtful

  预判语义 "所谓正面效果不可靠" 与 C 字面几乎一对一对应。

• D)过度推断

  Its detrimental effects are unavoidable 称 "不利影响不可避免"；原文 it is as inevitable as industrialization 说的是 "自动化本身不可避免"，被诱导嫁接到 detrimental effects 上；且作者重点是 skeptical（怀疑乐观说法），而非给 detrimental effects 下 "不可避免" 的定论。

What should we attach importance to when dealing with automation 问的是应重视的具体方面（某个对象/某种状态），是对原文呼吁句的细节提取，不是全文主旨。

What should we attach importance to when dealing with automation：主干 we should attach importance to what；when dealing with automation 是时间状语从句（省略主语 we）。attach importance to 为固定搭配 = 重视。

• A)以偏概全

  College graduates' job prospects 把大学毕业生的就业前景当成应重视的对象；但 The value of a college degree is diminishing 只是用大学学位贬值作论据，并未将 "大学毕业生就业前景" 提升为应重视的核心。

• B)以偏概全

  Women's access to employment 把 "女性就业机会" 当应重视对象；Women's labor force participation…has slipped back to the level it was at in the late 1980s 只是数据例证，用以佐证劳动力问题，并非作者要重视的核心对象。

• C)✓ 正确
  • If we want an economy that allows everyone to be economically secure, we need to start thinking about how we can rightfully address automation↔People's economic security

  在四个选项中，只有 C 与预判语义完全等值，其他三个都是文中曾出现但未被作者 "郑重提出" 的对象。

• D)偷换概念

  People's social mobility 把 our upward mobility is declining 中的 upward mobility 改成 social mobility。upward mobility 强调 "向上流动"，social mobility 是更宽泛的 "社会流动"；且作者只把它列为现象之一，并未提升为应重视的核心。