2022年12月·第3套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干 What do we learn from the passage about an enzyme scientists have created? 是 What do we learn about X 的标准客观陈述问法，不含 infer / imply，不问 main idea / attitude，属细节题。

题干主干为 What do we learn from the passage about an enzyme，about 引导的介词短语限定 learn 的对象；其后 scientists have created 是省略 that 的定语从句修饰 enzyme，结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  identified during a lab experiment accident 偷换了原文 created by accident——原文意思是"偶然创造出"，A 项却说成"在一次实验事故中被识别（identified）出来"，identified（识别）≠ created（创造），且 lab experiment accident（实验事故）也无原文支撑。

• B)✓ 正确
  • enabling for the first time the full recycling of bottles↔may make full recycling of plastic bottles a reality
  • the full recycling of bottles↔full recycling of plastic bottles

  B 项既覆盖"完全回收"又保留"可能性"语气，与定位句 could help…by enabling for the first time the full recycling of bottles 严格对应，是定位句的同义改写。

• C)与原文相反

  breakthrough made with persistent efforts 与原文 created by accident 直接相反；同段还点明 a bit of a shock 进一步坐实"意外性"。

• D)无中生有

  initiate a radical reform in plastic industry 中的 radical reform（根本性改革）在原文中无任何对应句；原文谈的是"帮助解决污染"和"完全回收"，并未谈及行业改革。

题干 What does the passage say about the bug that produces the important enzyme? 用 say about 直接索取原文对 the bug 的客观陈述，不含推断词，属细节题。

the bug that produces the important enzyme 中 that 引导的定语从句修饰 bug；六级考生需看清 produces 的主语是 the bug 而非更靠近的 enzyme，即所问对象是 bug 本身的特征。

• A)✓ 正确
  • naturally evolved to eat plastic↔natural ability to consume plastics

  A 项把定位句的动词陈述（自然进化出去吃塑料）改写为名词陈述（具有自然消化塑料的能力），是该细菌核心特征的客观转述。

• B)无中生有

  reproduces at a high rate（高速繁殖）在原文中没有任何对应句；原文只说该细菌"自然进化"且"吃塑料"，没有谈论其繁殖速度。

• C)偷换概念

  essential to the recycling of plastic bottles 把所问对象（bug 本身的属性）偷换成"对回收的必要性"——这是对其衍生用途的评价，而非对 bug 本身的描述；且原文也未声称 bug 对回收"必不可少"。

• D)与原文相反

  chemical structure unknown to scientists 与原文 Scientists have now revealed the detailed structure of the crucial enzyme produced by the bug. 相反；原文明确"已揭示详细结构"，选项却说"科学家不知道"。

题干是不完整陈述 By adjusting the enzyme produced by the bug, the scientists_______.，要选项补全，问的是科学家做了什么的客观结果，不含推断动词。

By adjusting the enzyme produced by the bug, the scientists_______. 主干是 the scientists ____；By 引导方式状语，produced by the bug 是过去分词短语后置定语修饰 enzyme，结构清晰。

• A)✓ 正确
  • accidentally made the molecule even better at breaking down the plastic↔made it more effective by chance

  A 项 made it more effective 复述 even better at breaking down，by chance 复述 accidentally，正好等值改写定位句两个核心要素。

• B)无中生有

  discovered an extraordinary chemical 中 extraordinary chemical 在原文无出处；研究者操作的是已知酶分子，并非"发现一种新化学物质"。

• C)过度推断

  altered its basic molecular composition 中 basic molecular composition（基本分子组成）属于结构层级更深的概念，原文只说 adjusted the enzyme（调整酶），未说改变其"基本组成"。

• D)偷换概念

  found its evolutionary process sped up 中 sped up（加速）与原文 to see how it had evolved（观察其如何进化）不一致；原文目的是观察，并未发现进化过程被加速。

题干 What does Prof. McGeehan say about the recycling of plastic bottles? 索取 McGeehan 关于回收的客观说法，属细节题。

What does Prof. McGeehan say about the recycling of plastic bottles? 标准 Wh- 疑问句，about 短语限定 say 的话题对象，无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  implementing it on an increasingly larger scale 中 implementing on a larger scale（大规模实施）远超 starting to look at（开始研究）的程度——原文是观念转变后的初始阶段，并未谈到任何实施规模。

• B)无中生有

  generates huge business opportunities for plastic manufacturers 中 huge business opportunities（巨大商业机会）原文未提；McGeehan 谈的是企业态度转变，不是回收带来的商机。

• C)偷换概念

  aroused persistent interest among the general public 中 persistent interest（持续 / 长期兴趣）与原文 perception is changing so much（观念正在巨大变化）不一致——原文说"正在变化"，C 说"已激起且持续"；且讨论对象是公众而非回收行为本身，与题干 about the recycling of plastic bottles 错位。

• D)✓ 正确
  • companies are starting to look at how they can properly recycle these bottles↔Manufacturers are beginning to explore ways of doing it
  • companies↔Manufacturers

  D 项把"才刚开始"和"探索如何回收"两个核心信息都对齐原文，是定位句的精准同义改写。

题干 What is Prof. Adisa Azapagic's advice concerning the application of the enzyme? 索取该专家的具体建议，属细节题。

What is Prof. Adisa Azapagic's advice concerning the application of the enzyme? 中 concerning the application of the enzyme 是介词短语修饰 advice，limit 范围为"针对酶的应用"，结构清晰。

• A)偷换概念

  Developing technologies to address greenhouse gas emissions 中 developing technologies 与原文 assessment（评估）不同——原文建议"评估"，并非"开发新技术"去解决排放问题。

• B)无中生有

  Considering the extra cost involved in producing the enzyme 中 extra cost in producing the enzyme（生产酶的额外成本）原文无出处；Adisa Azapagic 的建议是评估环境影响而非经济成本。

• C)✓ 正确
  • does not solve one environmental problem—waste—at the expense of others, including additional greenhouse gas emissions↔Assessing its possible negative impact on the environment
  • A full life-cycle assessment would be needed↔Assessing

  C 项的 Assessing 对应 assessment，possible negative impact on the environment 对应 not solve…at the expense of others, including additional greenhouse gas emissions；正答完整覆盖建议的两个语义要点。

• D)偷换概念

  Studying the full life cycle of the enzyme as the first step 中 the full life cycle of the enzyme（酶本身的生命周期）与原文 A full life-cycle assessment（针对技术应用的全生命周期评估）所指不同——原文评估的是技术对环境的全周期影响，并非"酶的寿命周期"；另外 as the first step（作为第一步）原文亦无对应。