2006年 考研英语（旧卷）阅读理解（四选一） 第 4 篇 · 36–40 题答案与解析

By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that 明示作者举例的用意，正是例证目的题的标准句式。

句子主干是 the author intends to show that，前面 By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire 是 by 引导的方式状语，that 后接选项作宾语从句。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱，只要看清主干在问"作者想说明什么"即可。

• A)无中生有

  poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music 把诗与画/乐做"抒发喜悦能力"的横向比较，原文从未出现，属凭空捏造。

• B)偷换概念

  art grows out of both positive and negative feelings 强调"正负情感都生发艺术"，但原文 more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless 描述的是单向转变，并不主张二者并存。

• C)与原文相反

  原文是 more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony … boring——更怀疑幸福，而 poets today are less skeptical of happiness 说"今天更不怀疑"，正好与原文相反。

• D)✓ 正确
  • more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring↔artists have changed their focus of interest
  • we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil↔changed their focus of interest

  预判"关注焦点变了"与 artists have changed their focus of interest 高度吻合，故锁定 D。

The word "bummer" (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something 含 means，标准词义题问法。

题干主干 The word "bummer" … most probably means something____，括号内 (Line 5, Paragraph 5) 是定位辅助；选项填在 something 后做后置定语。结构无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  religious 取自上文 the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger 的话题词，但 bummer 是"不需要让艺术也来当"的对象，与"宗教性"在词义上不等值。

• B)✓ 正确
  • they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too↔unpleasant

  预判"令人不快"与 unpleasant 在极性（负）与词性（形容词描述状态）上完全一致，锁定 B。

• C)与原文相反

  entertaining 是正面词"令人愉快的"，而上下文 Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too 中 too 把 bummer 拉到负面序列，极性正好相反。

• D)张冠李戴

  commercial 的语境在第 6 段 Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial，与第 5 段 bummer 所在的苦难语境不在同一区段，且极性是中性—正面，不匹配。

In the author's opinion, advertising____ 问的是作者对一个具体对象（广告）的看法，无 infer/imply，属于直接读出观点的细节题。

主干 advertising____，In the author's opinion 为插入状语限定视角；选项作谓语补全句子。结构无陷阱，但要记住答案必须是作者立场，不是广告业的自我宣传。

• A)与原文相反

  emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art 说广告"在反幸福艺术之后兴起"，但原文 The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media 是反幸福艺术追随大众媒体（广告）兴起，方向正好相反。

• B)偷换概念

  is a cause of disappointment for the general public 把广告说成"令大众失望的根源"，但原文 they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable 说的是它让"幸福这个概念"显得不可信，并未论及大众的失望情绪。

• C)过度推断

  replaces the church as a major source of information 主张广告取代教会成为主要信息源；原文 Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial 只是说"如今信息从宗教变成商业"，未明确广告取代了教会作为"information source"的地位，过度引申。

• D)✓ 正确
  • happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology↔creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself
  • they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable↔an illusion of happiness

  预判"广告卖的是幸福假象"与 creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself 完全吻合，锁定 D。

We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes____ 虽含 learn from，但定位段已固定，问的是段内作者明示的看法，按细节题做最稳。

主干 the author believes____，We can learn from the last paragraph that 是引导宾语从句的框架。结构无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  happiness more often than not ends in sadness 说"幸福十有八九以悲伤收场"，是绝对化判断；原文 The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment 只说"带有最大的失落"潜在性""，并未断言概率上必然如此。

• B)✓ 正确
  • even more bitter than a clove cigarette↔distasteful
  • a breath of fresh air↔refreshing

  预判"虽苦但提神"与 the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing 在两面并存的结构与对应词上完全吻合，锁定 B。

• C)偷换概念

  misery should be enjoyed rather than denied 说苦难应被"享受"而非"否认"，但原文 happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it 主张"与之共存"——live with it 不是 enjoy it，更不是叫人去享受痛苦。

• D)无中生有

  the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms 主张"经济繁荣时反幸福艺术兴盛"，本段乃至全文都未谈经济景气周期与艺术繁荣的关联，纯属凭空捏造。

Which of the following is true of the text? 要求选项与原文事实一致，是典型的判断符合题（细节题的一种）。

题干一句话疑问句，主干 Which of the following is true of the text?，无从句、无否定，结构平铺直叙。

• A)✓ 正确
  • the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms↔Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery
  • the most powerful mass medium was the church↔Religion
  • before mass communication and literacy↔once

  预判"宗教曾作为苦难提醒"与 Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery 三处等值（remind→reminder、church→religion、before…→once），锁定 A。

• B)无中生有

  Art provides a balance between expectation and reality 说艺术"在期望与现实间提供平衡"，但原文 happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it 谈的是"与死亡/无常共存"，并未谈"期望—现实"的对立平衡，凭空捏造。

• C)过度推断

  People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society 说"人们对现代社会的现实感到失望"，但原文 they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable 只说幸福概念变得可疑，并未给出大众普遍"失望"的情绪判断。

• D)与原文相反

  Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths 说大众媒介"倾向报道灾难与死亡"，但原文 Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy 明确说今日大众媒介"forever happy"，方向正相反。