2020年12月·第3套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What does the author say we humans have been doing to chimps? 用 What…doing 直接问一个具体行为，不含 infer/imply/main idea 等词，属常规细节题。

What does the author say we humans have been doing to chimps? 是双层嵌套疑问：主干是 What does the author say…？say 后面接的是宾语从句 we humans have been doing to chimps，用现在完成进行时表示“一直在做”，提示动作持续至今。we humans 是同位结构，we 与 humans 同指。

• A)✓ 正确
  • caused our art to vanish, our music to homogenize, and our technological know-how to disappear↔Ruining their culture

  预判“破坏黑猩猩的文化”后在四项中找含 culture 与“破坏”语义的选项，只有 Ruining their culture 同时满足两点，锁定 A。

• B)无中生有

  原文谈的是文化的消亡而非物种的灭绝（extinction），首段没有任何 extinction/extinct 的措辞，Accelerating their extinction 属凭印象自造。

• C)偷换概念

  原文是以“外星人对人类”类比“人类对黑猩猩”，并非说我们把黑猩猩当外星物种对待；Treating them as alien species 把比喻的本体与喻体倒置。

• D)偷换概念

  原文中 homogenize 修饰的是 music（音乐），且是外星人对人类做的比喻内容；选项把它直接搬到“黑猩猩的生活习性”上，搭配错误且对象错位。

What is the finding of Andrew Whiten's team? 直接问“某团队的发现是什么”，是对原文具体研究结论的客观提问，无推断词。

句式简单：主系表结构。What 作表语，主语 the finding 由 of 短语修饰；无从句、无否定，平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  原文只说不同群体方式不同，没有评价它们的交流技能“高度发达”；highly developed skills of communication 是程度词擅自拔高。

• B)过度推断

  原文只举了敲树枝、撕树叶两种方式，并未称这是“肢体语言”，更未说“重度依赖”；rely heavily upon their body language 是凭印象生造的论断。

• C)与原文相反

  本段说的是黑猩猩群体内部行为有别，没有说黑猩猩与人类的行为相似；behave in ways quite similar to those of human beings 把研究结论反向编造。

• D)✓ 正确
  • chimps from different parts of Africa behave very differently from one another↔Different chimp groups differ in their way of communication
  • Some groups would get each other's attention by rapping branches with their knuckles(指关节), while others did it by loudly ripping leaves with their teeth↔Different chimp groups differ in their way of communication

  预判“不同地区的黑猩猩行为方式不同”后，四项里同时含“差异”与“交流/沟通”要素的只有 Different chimp groups differ in their way of communication，且有原文两处例证支撑，锁定 D。

What did Ammie Kalan and her colleagues find through their intensive fieldwork? 直接询问发现内容，过去式动词 find 指向原文已陈述事实，非推断。

句子主干 What did A and B find，through 引导方式状语；过去式 did find 强调具体一次研究的结论。

• A)张冠李戴

  本题问 Kalan 团队的发现，Whiten's classic study has little impact on the diversity of chimp behavior 转去说 Whiten 研究无影响，与题干主体错配；且原文 bitterly ironic thing to learn on the 20th anniversary of Whiten's classic study 是讽刺意味，不是论断 Whiten 研究无影响。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the very presence of humans has eroded the diversity of chimp behavior↔Chimp behavior becomes less varied with the increase of human activity

  预判“人类越多→黑猩猩行为越单一”后，四项中只有 Chimp behavior becomes less varied with the increase of human activity 同时覆盖“多样性下降”与“人类影响”两要素，锁定 B。

• C)与原文相反

  原文是 chimp behavior 的多样性被人类侵蚀（被动受害），Chimps alter their culture to quickly adapt to the changed environment 改成黑猩猩主动改文化以适应环境，主被动方向反了。

• D)过度推断

  It might already be too late to prevent animal cultures from extinction 表“为时已晚”，原文 Kalan 团队的发现只是“被侵蚀”，并未声明已经晚到无法挽回；类似感慨出现在 Whiten 引语，且未说“extinction”。

What does Cat Hobaiter think we should do for chimp conservation? 问某专家的具体主张，原文有其直接引语，可一一对应，是细节题而非推断题。

主干 What does Cat Hobaiter think + 宾语从句 we should do…；for chimp conservation 是目的状语；think 后省略 that。

• A)张冠李戴

  Try to understand our sister species' behavior in the wild 与原文 we are truly getting to know our primate(灵长类) cousins 才对得上，是 Whiten 第 5 段的感慨，与 Hobaiter 立场无关。

• B)✓ 正确
  • I think we forget about the individuals↔Make efforts to preserve each individual chimp community
  • Each population, each community, even each generation of chimps is unique↔Make efforts to preserve each individual chimp community

  预判“按社群/个体单位保护”后，四项中只有 Make efforts to preserve each individual chimp community 准确体现 Hobaiter“不要遗忘个体/社群”的立场，锁定 B。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 Each population, each community, even each generation of chimps is unique 是说明每一代都独特、需要被保护，而非要求“研究每一代的独特特征”；Study the unique characteristics of each generation of chimps 把保护诉求歪成研究任务。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 No matter what we do to restore habitat or support population growth, we may never be able to restore that culture 是说即便恢复栖息地、扩大种群也救不回那种文化——这是 Hobaiter 强调不足以解决问题的反例。Endeavor to restore chimp habitats to expand its total population 反而把它当作她的主张。

What does the author suggest conservationists do? 询问作者明示建议，原文末段有直白的论断句，是细节题而非主旨题。

主干 What does the author suggest + 宾语从句 conservationists do（do 后省略 do 的宾语，由 What 提到句首充当）；suggest 后省略 that 与 should，是英式建议句的常见省略形式。

• A)与原文相反

  原文是 traditions as well as bodies and genes（“而且也要”），强调兼顾；Focus entirely on culturally-based entities rather than genetically-based ones 用 entirely 与 rather than 把作者立场改为“只保文化、不保基因”，方向反了。

• B)过度推断

  原文用 as well as 表并列、不分主次；Place more stress on animal traditions than on their physical conservation 用 more…than 给传统加权，引入原文没有的优先级判断。

• C)✓ 正确
  • saving species in a completely new way↔Conserve animal species in a novel and all-round way
  • by preserving animal traditions as well as bodies and genes↔Conserve animal species in a novel and all-round way

  预判“以全新方式且兼顾两面”后，四项中只有 Conserve animal species in a novel and all-round way 同时具备“novel”（新）与“all-round”（兼顾），锁定 C。

• D)答非所问

  原文末段建议是“以全新方式保育”，不是“去探索文化”；Explore the cultures of species before they vanish 把 Whiten 第 5 段的感叹与作者建议混为一谈。