2022年6月·第1套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What fact does the author emphasize 明确询问作者强调的事实，对应原文某一处具体表述，不要求跨段推断。

主干是 What fact does the author emphasize，concerning selective colleges and universities 是介词短语后置修饰 fact，相当于 about。无否定、无比较，平铺直叙。

• A)与原文相反

  They have been ignoring the training of graduates for the world of work 把“忽视”这一动作扣到了院校头上，正好与原文相反——原文是说指控者忽视了事实，并不是院校忽视培养。

• B)✓ 正确
  • these institutions continue to prepare students for success in their work↔doing well in ensuring their students a successful future
  • Such charges ignore the fact that↔They have been doing well

  预判说“院校仍在为学生未来成功做准备”，B 项 doing well in ensuring their students a successful future 正是这一表述的同义替换，故选 B。

• C)答非所问

  They have been constantly attacked for being too elite and too expensive 复述的是 Selective colleges and universities in the U.S. are under fire for being too elite and too expensive 这一事实——但这是别人对院校的指控，不是作者要强调的 fact；题干问 What fact does the author emphasize。

• D)偷换概念

  They have been actively engaged in civic life beyond the school campus 把原文中“院校培养学生参与公民生活”的对象（学生）偷换成了院校本身参与公民生活，主体被替换。

What does the author say 询问作者具体表态了什么，对应一句具体陈述，仍属细节题。

主干 What does the author say，in arguing for the model of education in the U.S. 是介词短语作状语，交代 say 发生的语境。结构简单。

• A)✓ 正确
  • creating opportunity, driving economic growth, and spurring innovation↔contributed substantially to the nation's overall development
  • has long played a central role↔contributed substantially

  三项并列贡献可统一抽象为 the nation's overall development，A 项正是这一上位概括，故选 A。

• B)偷换概念

  succeeded in maintaining sustainable financial aid programs 把“该模式的整体贡献”偷换成了“维持可持续的资助项目”——原文 their financial aid programs make them more accessible than ever 只是说援助项目使学校更可及，没说“可持续维持”，更不是作者为之辩护的核心论据。

• C)无中生有

  given priority to innovative programs for graduate studies 把 spurring innovation 中的 innovation 拼接成“研究生项目优先”，但原文从未谈及研究生项目优先级，是凭空捏造。

• D)无中生有

  played a central role in attracting international applicants 套用了原文 played a central role 的句式，却把宾语换成了 attracting international applicants（吸引国际申请人），但原文从未提国际申请人，是用熟悉句式包装的新内容。

What do we learn about the initial proposals 问关于某物的具体信息，定位句即答案出处，属细节题。

主干 What do we learn about the initial proposals，concerning the recent tax reform bill 是 the initial proposals 的后置修饰。注意虚拟语气 would have made 暗示这些提议未实施，比对选项时四个选项都是 would have，与原文虚拟一致。

• A)偷换概念

  would have stripped many students of life's chances 把“加重经济负担”夸大为“剥夺人生机会”——原文 unaffordable for many 只到“许多人负担不起”，未到“剥夺人生机会”的程度，且 life's chances 范围过宽。

• B)与原文相反

  would have deducted graduate student loan interest 把原文 ending deductions for student loan interest 中的“取消抵扣”反过来说成“抵扣”，方向完全相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • would have made education unaffordable for many↔would have added to many students' financial burden
  • taxing tuition waivers for graduate students and ending deductions for student loan interest↔financial burden

  unaffordable for many 与 added to many students' financial burden 在虚拟语气下完全等值，故选 C。

• D)与原文相反

  would have increased the number of tuition waivers 与原文 taxing tuition waivers 相反——原文是对学费减免征税（变相缩减或削弱），选项却说“增加学费减免数量”，方向相反。

What do the data show 询问数据呈现的客观结论，对应原文具体陈述句，属细节题。

主干 What do the data show about elite colleges and universities，about 短语限定讨论对象。注意题干用的是 data show（data 复数对应原文 The data are clear），属于细节呼应。

• A)与原文相反

  Their graduates lack the rigor required for doing statistical analysis 与原文 rigorous analysis of data and facts（严谨的数据与事实分析能力）正相反——原文说博雅教育培养这种严谨，选项却说他们缺乏。

• B)与原文相反

  Their students prove to be inadequately prepared for their future careers 与原文 a liberal arts education is great career preparation 正相反——原文说“出色的职业准备”，选项说“准备不充分”。

• C)无中生有

  Their focus on research is conducive to developing students' critical thinking 借用了 scholarly research 和 critical thinking 两个原文词，拼出“院校以研究为重心、研究有助于培养批判性思维”——但原文只说博雅教育培养批判性思维，并未说研究是其重心，更未谈“研究→批判性思维”的因果。

• D)✓ 正确
  • liberal arts graduates do extremely well in every imaginable field↔Their liberal arts education enables graduates to excel in whatever field they are in
  • a liberal arts education is great career preparation↔Their liberal arts education enables graduates to excel

  预判“在任何领域都表现出色”，D 项 excel in whatever field they are in 是其精准同义替换，故选 D。

What is an advantage 问具体的某一项优点，定位到原文表述优点的句子即可，属细节题。

主干 What is an advantage of providing financial aid for students，of 短语限定 advantage 的所属。注意冠词是 an，意为多个优点中的任一个，选项只要原文支持即可，不必是唯一优点。

• A)无中生有

  Every student can choose the institution they wish to attend 谈“学生可以自由选择学校”，原文从未涉及“选校自由”这一层，是凭空捏造。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the diversity of economic backgrounds enhances the education and experience of all of our students↔All students can benefit from a diversified student population
  • the diversity of economic backgrounds↔a diversified student population

  原文明确说 all of our students 都从多样性中获益，与 B 项 All students can benefit 完全对位，故选 B。

• C)偷换概念

  All students will be able to earn a place on university campus 把原文 those who have earned a spot（那些已凭实力争得席位的人）扩大为“全体学生都能争得席位”——原文说的是 access 给了已经“earned”的人，并不是让所有人都能 earn。

• D)无中生有

  Less privileged students will be more competitive at elite schools 谈“弱势学生在精英校竞争力更强”，原文只说资助让他们有 access、让全体学生从多样性中获益，并未对比“是否更具竞争力”。