2016年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 26–30 题答案与解析

The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is 是问一个具体事实的主要原因，不含 infer/imply/mainly about 等推断/主旨信号。

题干主干 The major reason ... is____，主语是 The major reason，后接介词短语 for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened 作定语修饰 reason，整句结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • The crash was a major reason↔its drastically decreased population

  预判要找 "数量剧降"，四个选项中只有 its drastically decreased population 直接对应 The crash 所概括的 200 万→22,000 的暴跌，锁定 A。

• B)无中生有

  选项说原因是 the underestimate of the grassland acreage，但原文只提 16% of the species' historic range 这一数据，是对剩余分布范围的客观陈述，并无 "低估面积" 之说。

• C)张冠李戴

  原文 Biologists estimate 只是生物学家做出 "估算"，而 desperate 一词原文用于 The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation 形容鸟的处境，并非生物学家的呼吁。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat 只说私人地主控制了 95% 的栖息地、是 Ashe 想合作的对象，从未说他们 "坚持" 把鸟列为 threatened。

in that it____ 是 in that（因为）引导的具体理由问句，要求从原文找出 disappoint 的客观根据，不需要再做一步推理。

The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it____，主干 The tag disappointed some environmentalists；in that = 因为，引导原因状语从句，从句的主语 it 回指 the "threatened" tag——空格是要补 tag 本身的某个缺陷。

• A)无中生有

  选项 was a give-in to governmental pressure 把决定描述成屈服于政府压力，但原文只说 USFWS 自己 decided to formally list the bird as threatened，没有任何 "屈服" 表述。

• B)与原文相反

  原文 forging closer collaborations with western state governments 和 the private landowners，明显是想增加合作方而非减少；选项 would involve fewer agencies in action 与原文相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power↔granted less federal regulatory power

  四个选项中只有 granted less federal regulatory power 与定位句 endangered = greater power 的对照直接互补，predict 的 "权力变小" 完全落入此选项。

• D)过度推断

  选项 went against conservation policies 暗示 threatened 这一定级违反保护政策，但原文里 Ashe 的论述 potentially less confrontational conservation approaches 反而是把 threatened 包装成另一种保护途径。

if they____ 是 if 条件从句留空，要从段中找原文规定的具体条件，是事实细节而非推断。

It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they____：It 是形式主语，that 引导真正主语从句；从句主干 harm-doers will not be prosecuted（被动），if they ____ 是条件状语从句。

• A)✓ 正确
  • pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat↔agree to pay a sum for compensation

  预判要 "付款" + "按倍数补偿"，四个选项中只有 agree to pay a sum for compensation 同时含 "pay" 与 "compensation"，与定位句二合一吻合。

• B)偷换概念

  原文明文 replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat 是 1∶2，选项 volunteer to set up an equally big habitat 把比例偷换成 1∶1（equally big）；同时 volunteer 也与原文 require 的强制性相反。

• C)张冠李戴

  原文 it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress 是说 USFWS 把监督工作交给 WAFWA，而不是要求地主去支持 WAFWA 的监督。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 pay into a fund 中的 fund 是用于栖息地恢复和补偿地主的专用基金，并非 raise funds for USFWS operations 所暗示的 "为 USFWS 的运营筹款"。

According to Ashe, the leading role ... is____ 是 "按某人说法" 的客观陈述题，不要求推理。

According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is____：主干 the leading role is ____，in managing the species 是 of 后置定语等价的介词短语定语，修饰 role；句首 According to Ashe 限定观点来源——答案必须出自 Ashe 之口。

• A)与原文相反

  原文 potentially less confrontational conservation approaches 与 states remain in the driver's seat 共同说明联邦在收手让位，而非 leading role。

• B)偷换概念

  原文 gives ... WAFWA ... the job of monitoring progress 明文 WAFWA 的职能是 monitoring，不是 leading。

• C)偷换概念

  原文 the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat 与 compensate landowners who set aside habitat——landowners 是合作和被补偿对象，未被 Ashe 赋予 leading role。

• D)✓ 正确
  • states remain in the driver's seat for managing the species↔the states

  驾驶位上坐的是 states，所以 leading role 的承担者就是 the states。

Jay Lininger would most likely support____ 用 would 和 most likely，明确要求从他的原话立场一步推断出他的归属阵营。

Jay Lininger would most likely support____：主干 Jay Lininger would support ____，would 表对当下立场的合理推断（虚拟意味弱），most likely 修饰 support，软化语气；选项是 support 的宾语。

• A)与原文相反

  Lininger 原话直指 the same industries that are pushing it to extinction，是把 industries 钉在 "推动灭绝" 的位置上；他支持 industry groups 与原文立场正相反。

• B)与原文相反

  段首 Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric 紧接对 Lininger 的引述，说明他正属于 "不买账" 那一拨；他不可能支持 win-win rhetoric。

• C)✓ 正确
  • The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction↔environmental groups
  • environmentalists say it doesn't go far enough↔environmental groups

  Lininger 在反对方案、且立场紧贴 environmentalists 阵营，因此他最可能支持的就是 environmental groups 这一与他立场一致的群体。

• D)与原文相反

  原文 three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court 已表明环保团体在挑战此方案；Lininger 同属环保阵营，明显反对方案，不可能支持 the plan under challenge 中的 plan。