2016年 考研英语二阅读理解（四选一） 第 4 篇 · 36–40 题答案与解析

One cross-generation mark of a successful life is____. 题干补全的是具体事项，没有 infer/imply 等推断信号词，要求在原文中找到客观陈述。

One cross-generation mark of a successful life is____. 主干是 "One mark is ____"，cross-generation 与 of a successful life 都是 mark 的修饰语，结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  trying out different lifestyles 在原文跨代共识的并列项中并不存在，原文只列出 getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties 四项。

• B)✓ 正确
  • having children↔having a family with children

  B 项把原文跨代共识的并列项之一 having children 等值表达为 having a family with children，与预判完全吻合。

• C)与原文相反

  原文是 retiring in their sixties（在六十多岁退休），选项 working beyond retirement age 反而是 "过了退休年龄还在工作"，与原文相反。

• D)无中生有

  原文跨代共识的并列项中没有 setting up a profitable business 这一项，且全文从未把创业归为美国式成功的传统里程碑。

young people tend to____ 问的是原文已陈述的倾向，不是要由原文推断而出，符合细节题特征。

It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to____. 形式主语 It，真正的主句是 young people tend to ____；从 Paragraph 3 中找年轻人的具体倾向即可。

• A)与原文相反

  原文是 to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life（更快的生活节奏），选项 favor a slower life pace 把 faster 改成 slower，方向相反。

• B)与原文相反

  原文是 they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs（经常换工作），选项 hold an occupation longer（持有一份工作更久）与之相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • couples should be financially secure before getting married↔attach importance to pre-marital finance

  C 项把原文 "婚前应财务稳定" 这一倾向名词化为 "重视婚前财务"，与预判命中。

• D)偷换概念

  原文是 children are best served by two parents working outside the home（父母双方都外出工作），选项 give priority to childcare outside the home 偷换成 "把育儿放在家庭之外"，即把 "父母在家外工作" 偷换成 "孩子被送到家外照看"。

The priorities and expectations defined by the young will____. 问的是原文已有的预测性陈述将走向何方，原文应当有直接表述。

The priorities and expectations defined by the young will____. 主语是 The priorities and expectations，defined by the young 是过去分词作后置定语，谓语为 will + 空缺。

• A)偷换概念

  原文说的是 will increasingly spread（渗透面会变广），而非 become increasingly clear（自身变清晰）；选项偷换了主语行为的内容。

• B)以偏概全

  原文列举 from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics 中包含政治这种非物质议题，无法支持 focus on materialistic issues 这一窄化判断。

• C)强加因果

  原文只是把 politics 列为被渗透的方面之一，没有说预期 depend largely on political preferences；选项把 "被渗透" 偷换为 "取决于"，因果方向反转。

• D)✓ 正确
  • will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life↔reach almost all aspects of American life

  D 项把原文 "渗透到美国生活几乎所有方面" 等值替换为 "触及美国生活几乎所有方面"，与预判命中。

Both young and old agree that____. 问的是原文已明确陈述的共识，不是推断。

Both young and old agree that____. 主语 Both young and old，谓语 agree，后接 that 引导的宾语从句空缺；结构简单。

• A)以偏概全

  原文 face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing 中，good-paying jobs 仅是被列举的四项之一，并非两代人共识的整体内容。

• B)偷换概念

  原文比较的是 harder...than it was for earlier generations 起步难度，不是说 the old made more life achievements 老一代取得了更多成就。

• C)与原文相反

  原文说年轻人在 finding affordable housing 上更难，意味着房屋贷款/购房并不容易；选项 housing loans today are easy to obtain 反而说容易得到，与原文相反。

• D)✓ 正确
  • it is harder for young people today to get started in life↔getting established is harder for the young

  D 项把原文的形式主语句式改写为动名词主语，并把 get started 等值替换为 get established，命中预判。

Which of the following is true about Schneider? 让考生在四项中挑出与原文相符的事实陈述，标准的事实判断细节题。

Which of the following is true about Schneider? 一般疑问句结构，about Schneider 限定话题对象；无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文是 he struggled to find a job after graduating from college（毕业后求职艰难），选项 He found a dream job after graduating from college 反而说他找到了梦寐以求的工作，方向相反。

• B)张冠李戴

  原文从未让 Schneider 的父母表达 working steadily is a must for success 这一观点；working steadily 来自描述 Schneider 自己 now that he is working steadily，与父母的看法无关。

• C)✓ 正确
  • I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn't have college degrees↔His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree

  C 项把原文 "父母无大学学历却给孩子中上层生活" 等值转述为 "父母的好生活与大学文凭关系不大"，命中预判。

• D)无中生有

  原文只交代 Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs 这一身份，没有任何关于工作 quite challenging 的评价。